Campbell Biology Canadian 1st Edition Reece Test Bank

Inquiring About LifeConcept 1.1 The study of life reveals unifying themes

Concept 1.2 The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life

Concept 1.3 In studying nature, scientists make observations and form and test hypotheses

Concept 1.4 Science benefits from a cooperative approach and diverse viewpoints

 

Unit 1 THE ROLE OF CHEMISTRY IN BIOLOGY

2 Atoms and Molecules

A Chemical Connection to Biology

Concept 2.1 Matter consists of chemical elements in pure form and in combinations called compounds

Concept 2.2 An element’s properties depend on the structure of its atoms

Concept 2.3 The formation and function of molecules depend on chemical bonding between atoms

Concept 2.4 Chemical reactions make and break chemical bonds

 

3 The Chemistry of Water  

The Molecule That Supports All of Life  

Concept 3.1 Polar covalent bonds in water molecules result in hydrogen bonding

Concept 3.2 Four emergent properties of water contribute to Earth’s suitability for life

Concept 3.3 Acidic and basic conditions affect living organisms

 

4 Carbon: The Basis of Molecular Diversity  

Carbon: The Backbone of Life  

Concept 4.1 Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds

Concept 4.2 Carbon atoms can form diverse molecules by bonding to four other atoms

Concept 4.3 A few chemical groups are key to molecular function

 

5 Biological Macromolecules and Lipids  

The Molecules of Life  

Concept 5.1 Macromolecules are polymers, built from monomers

Concept 5.2 Carbohydrates serve as fuel and building material

Concept 5.3 Lipids are a diverse group of hydrophobic molecules

Concept 5.4 Proteins include a diversity of structures, resulting in a wide range of functions

Concept 5.5 Nucleic acids store, transmit, and help express hereditary information

Concept 5.6 Genomics and proteomics have transformed biological inquiry and applications

 

6 Energy and Life  

The Energy of Life  

Concept 6.1 An organism’s metabolism transforms matter and energy, subject to the laws of thermodynamics

Concept 6.2 The free-energy change of a reaction tells us whether or not the reaction occurs spontaneously

Concept 6.3 ATP powers cellular work by coupling exergonic reactions to endergonic reactions

Concept 6.4 Enzymes speed up metabolic reactions by lowering energy barriers

Concept 6.5 Regulation of enzyme activity helps control metabolism

 

Unit 2 Cell biology

7 Cell Structure and Function  

The Fundamental Units of Life  

Concept 7.1 Biologists use microscopes and biochemistry to study cells

Concept 7.2 Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that compartmentalize their functions Concept 7.3 The eukaryotic cell’s genetic instructions are housed in the nucleus and carried out by the ribosomes

Concept 7.4 The endomembrane system regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions

Concept 7.5 Mitochondria and chloroplasts change energy from one form to another

Concept 7.6 The cytoskeleton is a network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in the cell

Concept 7.7 Extracellular components and connections between cells help coordinate cellular activities

Concept 7.8 A cell is greater than the sum of its parts

 

8 Cell Membranes  

Life at the Edge  

Concept 8.1 Cellular membranes are fluid mosaics of lipids and proteins

Concept 8.2 Membrane structure results in selective permeability

Concept 8.3 Passive transport is diffusion of a substance across a membrane with no energy investment

Concept 8.4 Active transport uses energy to move solutes against their gradients

Concept 8.5 Bulk transport across the plasma membrane occurs by exocytosis and endocytosis

 

9 Cellular Signaling  

Cellular Messaging  

Concept 9.1 External signals are converted to responses within the cell

Concept 9.2 Reception: A signaling molecule binds to a receptor protein, causing it to change shape

Concept 9.3 Transduction: Cascades of molecular interactions relay signals from receptors to target molecules in the cell

Concept 9.4 Response: Cell signaling leads to regulation of transcription or cytoplasmic activities

Concept 9.5 Apoptosis integrates multiple cell-signaling pathways

 

10 Cell Respiration  

Life Is Work  

Concept 10.1 Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels

Concept 10.2 Glycolysis harvests chemical energy by oxidizing glucose to pyruvate

Concept 10.3 After pyruvate is oxidized, the citric acid cycle completes the energy-yielding oxidation of organic molecules

Concept 10.4 During oxidative phosphorylation, chemiosmosis couples electron transport to ATP synthesis

Concept 10.5 Fermentation and anaerobic respiration enable cells to produce ATP without the use of oxygen

Concept 10.6 Glycolysis and the citric acid cycle connect to many other metabolic pathways