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Test Bank for American Politics Today, Essentials Fourth Edition

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Test Bank for American Politics Today, Essentials Fourth Edition

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This is completed downloadable of Test Bank for American Politics Today, Essentials Fourth Edition

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ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0393906191
ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0393906196
Author: William T. Bianco, David T. Canon

The Essentials Fourth Edition of American Politics Today helps students understand the conflicts and compromises inherent in politics and allows them to practice applying that understanding to the debates and controversies they encounter in the news. With combined public opinion and media chapters, and social and economic policy chapters, this edition is jam-packed with pivotal topics that will help students see how institutions and political processes really work.

Table of Content:

PART I: FOUNDATIONS
1. UNDERSTANDING AMERICAN POLITICS
Making Sense of American Government and Politics
Why Do We Have a Government?
Forms of Government
What Is Politics?
Politics Is Conflictual
Political Process Matters
Politics Is Everywhere
Sources of Conflict in American Politics
Economic Interests
Cultural Values
Racial, Gender, and Ethnic Differences
Ideology
Resolving Conflict: Democracy and American Political Values
Conclusion
STUDY GUIDE
2. THE CONSTITUTION AND THE FOUNDING
The Historical Context of the Constitution
The Articles of Confederation: The First Attempt at Government
Political Theories of the Framers
Economic Interests
The Politics of Compromise at the Constitutional Convention
Majority Rule versus Minority Rights
Small States versus Large States
Legislative Power versus Executive Power
National Power versus State and Local Power
Slave States versus Nonslave States
Ratification
The Antifederalists’ Concerns
The Federalists’ Strategies
The Constitution: A Framework for Government
Exclusive Powers
Shared Powers
Negative or Checking Powers
Is the Constitution a “Living” Document?
Ambiguity
Changing the Constitution
Multiple Interpreters
Conclusion
STUDY GUIDE
3. FEDERALISM
What Is Federalism and Why Does It Matter?
Levels of Government and Their Degrees of Autonomy
A Comparative Perspective
Balancing National and State Power in the Constitution
A Strong National Government
State Powers and Limits on National Power
Clauses that Favor Both Perspectives
The Evolving Concept of Federalism
The Early Years
Dual Federalism
Cooperative Federalism
Federalism Today
Cooperative Federalism Lives On: Fiscal Federalism
The Rise of Coercive Federalism
The States Fight Back
Fighting for States’ Rights: The Role of the Modern Supreme Court
Assessing Federalism
Ideological Complexities
Advantages of a Strong Role for the States
Disadvantages of Too Much State Power
Conclusion
STUDY GUIDE
4. CIVIL LIBERTIES
Defining Civil Liberties
Balancing Interests
Drawing Lines
The Origins of Civil Liberties
Origins of the Bill of Rights
Selective Incorporation and the Fourteenth Amendment
Freedom of Religion
The Establishment Clause and Separation of Church and State
The Free Exercise Clause
Freedom of Speech, Assembly, and the Press
Generally Protected Expression
Less Protected Speech and Publications
The Right to Bear Arms
Law, Order, and the Rights of Criminal Defendants
The Fourth Amendment: Unreasonable Searches and Seizures
The Fifth Amendment: Self-Incrimination
The Sixth Amendment: The Right to Legal Counsel and a Jury Trial
The Eighth Amendment: Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Privacy Rights
Abortion Rights
Gay Rights
Conclusion
STUDY GUIDE
5. CIVIL RIGHTS
The Context of Civil Rights
African Americans
Native Americans, Latinos, and Asian Americans
Women and Civil Rights
Gays and Lesbians
A Color-Blind Society?
The Racial Divide Today
Differences in Voting Access
Socioeconomic Indicators
Criminal Justice and Hate Crimes
Key Players in the Conflict Over Civil Rights
The Courts
Congress
The President
Civil Rights Issues Today
Affirmative Action
Multicultural Issues
Conclusion
STUDY GUIDE
PART II: POLITICS
6. PUBLIC OPINION
What Is Public Opinion?
Early Theories of Public Opinion
Contemporary Theory of Public Opinion
How People Form Opinions
Personal Knowledge and Considerations
Where Do Opinions Come From?
Socialization: Family and Communities
Events
Group Identity
Politicians and Other Political Actors
Measuring Public Opinion
Problems in Measuring Public Opinion
How Useful Are Surveys?
Characteristics of American Public Opinion
Ideological Polarization
Evaluations of Government and Officeholders
Policy Preferences
Does Public Opinion Matter?
Public Opinion Is Relevant
Public Opinion Can Influence Government
Conclusion
STUDY GUIDE
7. THE MEDIA
The News Media in America
Historical Overview
Media Sources
Political Reporting: Sources, Leaks, and Shield Laws
Staging the News
Revealing Sources
How Do Americans Use the Media to Learn about Politics?
Does the Source Matter?
Media Effects on American Citizens and Government Policy
Theories of Media Influence
Assessing Media Coverage of American Politics
Media Bias
Where Else Does Media Coverage Fall Short?
The Effect of Market Forces
Conclusion
STUDY GUIDE
8. POLITICAL PARTIES
What Are Political Parties?
History of American Political Parties
The Evolution of American Political Parties
Realignments
Modern American Political Parties
The Party Organization
The Party in Government
The Party in the Electorate
The Role of Political Parties in American Politics
Organizing Elections
Cooperation in Government
Minor Parties
Effects on Election Outcomes
Unique Issues Facing Minor Parties
What Kind of Democracy Do American Political Parties Create?
Recruiting Good Candidates
Working Together in Campaigns
Working Together in Office
Providing Accountability
Citizens’ Behavior
Conclusion
STUDY GUIDE
9. ELECTIONS
How Do American Elections Work?
Functions of Elections
Two Stages of Elections
Constituencies: Who Chooses Representatives?
Presidential Elections
Electoral Campaigns
Setting the Stage
Before the Campaign
The General Election Campaign
Campaign Advertising: Getting the Word Out
Campaign Finance
How Do Voters Decide?
The Decision to Vote
How Do People Vote?
Voting in Normal and Nationalized Elections
Understanding the 2014 Election
The Path to 2014: The 2010 and 2012 Elections
Analyzing the 2014 Elections
Conclusion
STUDY GUIDE
10. INTEREST GROUPS
The Interest Group Universe
The Business of Lobbying
Organizational Structures
Staff
Membership
Resources
Getting Organized
The Logic of Collective Action
Interest Group Strategies
Inside Strategies
Outside Strategies
Choosing Strategies
How Much Power Do Interest Groups Have?
What Determines When Interest Groups Succeed?
How Groups Succeed
Conclusion
STUDY GUIDE
PART III: INSTITUTIONS
11. CONGRESS
Congress’s Place in Our Constitutional System
Congress and the People
Representation and the Constituency
The Electoral Connection
Redistricting
Congress’s Image Problem
The Incumbency Advantage and Its Sources
In the District: Home Style
Campaign Fund-Raising
Constituency Service
The Structure of Congress
Informal Structures
Formal Structures
How a Bill Becomes a Law
The Conventional Process
Deviations From the Conventional Process
Differences in the House and Senate Legislative Processes
Oversight
Congressional Reform
Conclusion
STUDY GUIDE
12. THE PRESIDENCY
Presidential Power: Yesterday and Today
Early Years through World War I
The Great Depression through the Present
The President’s Job Description
Head of the Executive Branch
The President as Politician
Presidential Succession
The Executive Branch
The Executive Office of the President
The Vice President
The President’s Cabinet
The American Public and the President
Gauging Presidential Popularity
Explaining Presidential Approval
Assessing Presidential Power
Presidents and Unilateral Action
Control over the Interpretation and Implementation of Laws
Congressional Responses to Unilateral Action
Conclusion
STUDY GUIDE
13. THE BUREAUCRACY
What Is the Federal Bureaucracy?
What Do Bureaucrats Do?
Bureaucratic Expertise and Its Consequences
How Has the American Bureaucracy Grown?
The Beginning of America’s Bureaucracy
Building a New American State: The Progressive Era
The New Deal, the Great Society, and the Reagan Revolution
The Modern Federal Bureaucracy
The Structure of the Federal Government
The Size of the Federal Government
The Human Face of the Bureaucracy
Civil Service Regulations
Limits on Political Activity
Political Appointees and the Senior Executive Service
Controlling the Bureaucracy
Agency Organization
Monitoring
Correcting Violations
The Consequences of Control
Conclusion
STUDY GUIDE
14. THE COURTS
The Development of an Independent and Powerful Federal Judiciary
The Founders’ Views of the Courts: The Weakest Branch?
Judicial Review and Marbury v. Madison
Judicial Review in Practice
The American Legal and Judicial System
Court Fundamentals
Structure of the Court and Federalism
How Judges Are Selected
Access to the Supreme Court
The Court’s Workload
Rules of Access
The Court’s Criteria
Internal Politics
Hearing Cases before the Supreme Court
Briefs
Oral Argument
Conference
Opinion Writing
Supreme Court Decision Making
Legal Factors
Political Factors
The Role of the Court as a Policy Maker
Compliance and Implementation
Relations with the Other Branches
Conclusion
STUDY GUIDE
PART IV: POLICY
15. ECONOMIC POLICY
Goals of Economic Policy
Full Employment
Stable Prices
Promote the Free Market and Growth
Balanced Budgets
Balance of Payments, or the Current Account
Trade-offs between Economic Goals
The Key Players in Economic Policy Making
Congress
The President
The Bureaucracy
How Economic Policy Makers Interact: The 2008 Economic Crisis
Tools and Theories of Economic Policy
Fiscal Policy
Monetary Policy
Regulatory Policy
Trade Policy and the Balance of Payments
The Politics of Trade Policy
Conclusion
STUDY GUIDE
16. SOCIAL POLICY
The History and Background of Social Policy
Poverty and Income Inequality
The Key Players in Social Policy Making
Congress and the President
The Bureaucracy
The States
Interest Groups
The Policy-Making Process
Social Policy Today
Social Security
Health Care
Income Support and Welfare
Education
Conclusion
STUDY GUIDE
17. FOREIGN POLICY
What Is Foreign Policy?
Foreign Policy Principles and Perspectives
History of American Foreign Policy
Foreign Policy Makers
The President and the Executive Branch
Congress
The Federal Courts
Groups outside the Federal Government
The Tools of Foreign Policy
Diplomacy
Trade and Economic Policies
Foreign Aid
Alliances and Treaties
Military Force
The Politics of Foreign Policy Today
Managing International Trade: China
Fighting Terrorism: Afghanistan
Preventing the Spread of Weapons of Mass Destruction: North Korea
Conclusion
STUDY GUIDE
APPENDIX
The Declaration of Independence
The Articles of Confederation
The Constitution of the United States of America
Amendments to the Constitution
The Federalist Papers
Glossary
Credits
Index
VOTING REQUIREMENTS*

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