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Test Bank for An Introduction to Drugs and the Neuroscience of Behavior, 1st Edition : Prus

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Test Bank for An Introduction to Drugs and the Neuroscience of Behavior, 1st Edition : Prus

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ISBN 10: 049590726X

ISBN 13: 9780495907268

Author:  Prus, Adam

This up-to-date text provides an introductory overview of the nervous system actions and behavioral effects of the major classes of psychoactive drugs, using pedagogy unique among pharmacology texts to make the topic approachable. Available with InfoTrac Student Collections http://gocengage.com/infotrac.

 

Table of Content:

  1. Box 1.1 Instruments Used for Studying Subjective Effects in Humans
  2. Study Designs and the Assessment of Psychoactive Drugs
  3. Experiments
  4. Correlational Studies
  5. Validity and the Interpretation of Study Findings
  6. Ethical Considerations in Research
  7. A Lack of Feasible Alternatives to Animals
  8. High Predictive Value for Drug Effects in Humans
  9. The Regulation of Animal Research
  10. Researchers Consider Many Ethical Issues When Conducting Human Research
  11. From Actions to Effects: Therapeutic Drug Development
  12. Chapter Summary
  13. Key Terms
  14. 2 The Nervous System
  15. Cells in the Nervous System
  16. Neurons
  17. Glial Cells
  18. The Nervous System
  19. The Peripheral Nervous System
  20. The Central Nervous System
  21. Cerebral Blood Flow and Cerebrospinal Fluid
  22. Genes and the Physiological Processes of Cells
  23. Box 2.1 Genetically Modified Organisms
  24. From Actions to Effects: Advances in Therapeutic Use of CRISPR Genetic Technology
  25. Chapter Summary
  26. Key Terms
  27. 3 Neurotransmission
  28. Electrical Events Within a Neuron and the Release of Neurotransmitters
  29. Box 3.1 Electrophysiology and Microdialysis
  30. Electrical Potentials Along Axons
  31. Resting Potential
  32. Action Potential
  33. Refractory Periods
  34. Propagation of Action Potentials Down Axons
  35. Neurotransmitters: Signalling Molecules for Neuronal Communication
  36. Neurotransmitter Synthesis
  37. Neurotransmitter Storage
  38. Calcium Influx and Neurotransmitter Release
  39. Neurotransmitters Bind to Receptors
  40. Termination of Neurotransmission
  41. Neurotransmitters and Receptors
  42. Postsynaptic and Presynaptic Receptors
  43. Neurotransmitter Receptors Are Ionotropic or Metabotropic
  44. Types of Neurotransmitters
  45. Glutamate and GABA Are the Most Abundant Neurotransmitters
  46. Monoamine Neurotransmitters: Dopamine, Norepinephrine, Epinephrine, and Serotonin
  47. Acetylcholine
  48. Neuropeptides: A Large Class of Neurotransmitters
  49. Other Types of Chemical Transmission in the Nervous System
  50. Neurotrophins
  51. Hormones
  52. From Actions to Effects: Probiotics and Mental Health
  53. Chapter Summary
  54. Key Terms
  55. 4 Properties of Drugs
  56. Pharmacokinetic Properties of Drugs
  57. Absorption
  58. Distribution
  59. Biotransformation
  60. Elimination
  61. Pharmacodynamic Properties of Drugs
  62. Psychoactive Drugs and Receptors
  63. Box 4.1 Radioligand Binding for Measuring Receptor Affinity
  64. Box 4.2 The [35S]GTPγS Binding Assay Assesses G-Protein Activation
  65. Adaptations to Chronic Drug Use
  66. From Actions to Effects: Environmental Neurotoxicology
  67. Chapter Summary
  68. Key Terms
  69. 5 Drugs of Abuse
  70. Regulatory Agencies and Drug Classification
  71. Clinical Definitions and the Diagnosis of Drug Addiction
  72. Theoretical Models and the Features of Drug Addiction
  73. Associative Learning Principles Used in Addiction Models
  74. Drive, Opponent-Process Theory, and Incentive-Salience Models of Drug Addiction
  75. Box 5.1 Self-Administration
  76. Disease Model of Drug Addiction
  77. Drugs of Abuse and Reward Circuitry
  78. Chronic Use of Abused Substances and Changes to Learning and Memory Systems
  79. Neurobiology and the Stages of Drug Addiction
  80. Mortality and Drug Addiction
  81. Psychological and Pharmacological Therapies for Treating Drug Addiction
  82. From Actions to Effects: Food Addiction
  83. Chapter Summary
  84. Key Terms
  85. A Final Note About Drug Addiction
  86. 6 Psychostimulants
  87. Psychostimulants: Herbal Products, Prescription Drugs, and Substances of Abuse
  88. Ephedra
  89. Amphetamines
  90. Methylphenidate
  91. Cathinones
  92. Cocaine
  93. Pharmacokinetics of Psychostimulants
  94. Routes and Forms of Psychostimulant Administration
  95. Biotransformation of Psychostimulants
  96. Elimination of Psychostimulants
  97. Psychostimulants and Monoamine Neurotransmitters
  98. Amphetamines
  99. Methylphenidate and Cathinones
  100. Cocaine
  101. Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript
  102. Pharmacological Effects of Psychostimulants
  103. Physiological Effects
  104. Behavioral Effects
  105. Subjective Effects
  106. Box 6.1 Drug Discrimination
  107. Adverse Effects
  108. Psychostimulant Drugs Produce Sensitization and Tolerance
  109. Psychostimulant Addiction
  110. Treatments for Psychostimulant Addiction
  111. From Actions to Effects: Psychostimulants as Cognitive Enhancers and Treatments for ADHD
  112. Chapter Summary
  113. Key Terms
  114. 7 Nicotine and Caffeine
  115. Nicotine and Tobacco
  116. History of Tobacco
  117. Pharmacokinetic Properties of Tobacco
  118. Tobacco Use and Nicotine Absorption
  119. Nicotine Absorption Through Lung and Oral Tissues
  120. Distribution and Biotransformation of Nicotine
  121. Elimination of Nicotine
  122. Nicotine and Nervous System Functioning
  123. Nicotine’s Pharmacological Effects
  124. Nicotine’s Effects on Cardiovascular Function and Appetite
  125. Nicotine Affects Movement and Cognitive Functioning
  126. Nicotine’s Positive and Negative Subjective Effects
  127. Box 7.1 Conditioned Taste Aversion
  128. Adverse Effects of Tobacco Use
  129. Nicotine and Psychological Withdrawal
  130. Environmental, Genetic, and Receptor Differences Between Light and Heavy Tobacco Users
  131. From Actions to Effects: Why People Smoke and How They Quit
  132. Caffeine
  133. Caffeine and Related Compounds in Plants
  134. Caffeine Has an Ancient History
  135. Caffeine Absorption, Duration, and Interaction With Other Psychoactive Drugs
  136. Caffeine: Antagonist for Adenosine Receptors
  137. Caffeine: Mild Psychostimulant Effects
  138. Tolerance and Withdrawal During Sustained Caffeine Use
  139. From Actions to Effects: Caffeine Habit?
  140. Chapter Summary
  141. Key Terms
  142. 8 Depressants
  143. Types of Depressant Substances
  144. Depressants and GABA Neurotransmission
  145. Barbiturates
  146. Barbiturates Serve as Drugs of Abuse
  147. Chronic Barbiturate Administration Increases the Risk of Respiratory Depression
  148. Abrupt Withdrawal Causes a Barbiturate Abstinence Syndrome
  149. Barbiturates Produce Pharmacological Effects Through Facilitating GABA Neurotransmission
  150. Benzodiazepines
  151. Risks of Benzodiazepine Use
  152. Benzodiazepines Facilitate GABA Neurotransmission Through Specific Types of GABAA Receptors
  153. Are There Endogenous Benzodiazepines?
  154. Z-Drugs
  155. Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB)
  156. History of GHB
  157. GHB Is a Drug and a Neurotransmitter
  158. Pharmacological Actions of GHB
  159. Pharmacological Effects of GHB
  160. Box 8.1 Electroencephalography
  161. GHB Overdose and Risk of Addiction
  162. Inhalants
  163. History of Inhalants
  164. Inhalants: Rapid Absorption and Elimination
  165. Pharmacological Actions of Inhalable Solvents
  166. Inhalants: Pharmacological Effects and Interference With Oxygen Intake
  167. From Actions to Effects: Stimulus Properties of GHB and Toluene
  168. Chapter Summary
  169. Key Terms
  170. 9 Alcohol
  171. Alcohol: The Most Commonly Used Depressant Substance
  172. Alcohol Production Through Fermentation and Distillation
  173. History of Alcohol
  174. Pharmacokinetic Factors and Alcohol’s Effects
  175. Alcohol and Interactions With Other Drugs
  176. Alcohol and Central Nervous System Functioning
  177. Alcohol and GABAA Receptors
  178. Alcohol and Glutamate Receptors
  179. Alcohol and Calcium
  180. Alcohol and Serotonin
  181. Alcohol and the Endocannabinoid System
  182. Pharmacological Effects of Alcohol
  183. Types of Drinking and Number of Drinks Consumed
  184. Acute Alcohol Consumption and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Functioning
  185. Alcohol’s Depressive Effects on Behavioral and Cognitive Functioning
  186. Subjective Effects of Alcohol
  187. Severe Adverse Effects of High BAC
  188. Chronic Alcohol Consumption and Adverse Cardiovascular and CNS Effects
  189. Alcohol: Tolerance and Sensitization
  190. Alcohol Addiction and Withdrawal
  191. Treating Alcohol Addiction
  192. From Actions to Effects: Hangover
  193. Chapter Summary
  194. Key Terms
  195. 10 Opioids
  196. Opioids: Natural and Synthetic
  197. History of Opioid Use
  198. Pharmacokinetic Properties and Opioid Abuse
  199. Opioid Drugs and the Endogenous Opioid System
  200. Opioid Drugs Are Classified by Receptor Actions
  201. Opioids and Reward, Pain, and Stress Systems
  202. Opioid Rewarding and Analgesic Effects
  203. Opioid Receptor Agonists and Rewarding Effects
  204. Box 10.1 Conditioned Place Preference
  205. Opioid Analgesic Effects
  206. Opioid Drugs and Other Therapeutic Effects
  207. Opioid Overdose and Respiratory Function
  208. Tolerance and Dependence With Chronic Opioid Use
  209. From Actions to Effects: Pharmacological Approaches for Treating Opioid Addiction
  210. Chapter Summary
  211. Key Terms
  212. 11 Cannabinoids
  213. Historical Use of Cannabis
  214. Methods of Cannabis Preparation and Use
  215. Cannabinoid Compounds and the Endocannabinoid System
  216. Physiological Effects of Cannabinoids
  217. Behavioral and Cognitive Effects of Cannabinoids
  218. Subjective Effects of Cannabinoids
  219. Cannabis Use Disorder
  220. Health Risks of Cannabis
  221. From Actions to Effects: Medical Use of Cannabinoids
  222. Chapter Summary
  223. Key Terms
  224. 12 Psychedelic Drugs
  225. Hallucinogens
  226. Origins of LSD and Other Hallucinogens
  227. LSD Ingestion and Effects
  228. LSD and the Serotonin Neurotransmitter System
  229. LSD’s Mild Physiological Effects and Profound Hallucinogenic Effects
  230. Hallucinogens and Flashbacks
  231. Mixed Stimulant–Psychedelic Drugs
  232. MDMA Recreational Use
  233. MDMA Metabolism and the Length of Psychedelic Drug Effects
  234. MDMA and Serotonin and Dopamine Neurotransmission
  235. MDMA’s Psychedelic and Psychostimulant Effects
  236. Box 12.1 Social Interaction Tests
  237. MDMA’s Adverse Effects
  238. MDMA Tolerance and Withdrawal
  239. Dissociative Anesthetics
  240. Development of Phencyclidine, Ketamine, and Dizocilpine
  241. Absorption and Elimination of Phencyclidine
  242. Phencyclidine’s Effects on Dopamine and Serotonin Neurotransmission
  243. Dissociative Anesthetics and Glutamate Neurotransmission
  244. The Anesthetic and Psychedelic Effects of Dissociative Anesthetics
  245. Dissociative Anesthetics and Schizophrenia-Like Effects
  246. Tolerance and Withdrawal Effects With Dissociative Anesthetics
  247. Other Psychedelic Drugs
  248. From Actions to Effects: Synesthesia
  249. Chapter Summary
  250. Key Terms
  251. 13 Treatments for Depression and Bipolar Disorder
  252. Mental Disorders
  253. Depression
  254. The Prevalence of Depressive Disorders
  255. Neuroimaging Techniques and Functional Differences in Depression
  256. Antidepressant Drugs
  257. Box 13.1 Animal Behavioral Models for Identifying Antidepressant Drugs
  258. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
  259. Tricyclic Antidepressant Drugs
  260. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
  261. Serotonin–Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
  262. Atypical Antidepressant Drugs
  263. Atypical Antidepressant Drugs: Psychedelics
  264. Limitations in Antidepressant Drug Effectiveness and Development
  265. Length of Response Time
  266. Treatment Resistance
  267. Placebo Effects in Clinical Studies
  268. Depression Severity
  269. Pharmacogenetic Factors in Antidepressant Treatment
  270. Combination Drug Strategies for Treating Depression
  271. Combining Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy for Treating Depression
  272. Antidepressant Drugs and Monoamine Neurotransmitter Systems
  273. Antidepressant Drugs and Serotonin Neurotransmission
  274. Antidepressant Drugs and Dopamine Neurotransmission
  275. Neuronal Growth Occurs During Antidepressant Treatment
  276. Bipolar Disorder
  277. Neurobiology of Bipolar Disorder
  278. Mood Stabilizers, Anticonvulsants, Antipsychotics, and Antidepressants for Bipolar Disorder
  279. Lithium
  280. Anticonvulsant Drugs
  281. Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs and Antidepressant Drugs
  282. From Actions to Effects: Psychedelic Drugs for Treating Depression
  283. Chapter Summary
  284. Key Terms
  285. 14 Treatments for Anxiety Disorders
  286. Anxiety Disorders
  287. Structures Involved in Fear and Anxiety
  288. Box 14.1 Optogenetics
  289. Box 14.2 Animal Models for Screening Anxiety Treatments
  290. Anxious Feelings, the Amygdala, and the Sympathetic Nervous System
  291. Stress and the HPA Axis
  292. Anxiolytic Drugs for the Treatment of Anxiety
  293. Sedatives for Treating Anxiety
  294. Buspirone for Treating Anxiety
  295. Anticonvulsant Drugs for Treating Anxiety
  296. Beta Blockers for Coping With Anxiety
  297. Antidepressant Drugs for the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders
  298. MDMA Treatment for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
  299. From Actions to Effects: How Do Antidepressant Drugs Reduce Anxiety?
  300. Chapter Summary
  301. Key Terms
  302. 15 Antipsychotic Drugs
  303. Schizophrenia
  304. Box 15.1 Prepulse Inhibition
  305. Schizophrenia’s Complex Neurobiological Profile
  306. A Brief History of Schizophrenia and Its Treatment
  307. Neurotransmission Hypotheses for Schizophrenia
  308. Typical and Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs
  309. Typical Antipsychotic Drugs: The First Medications for Schizophrenia
  310. Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs: First-Line Treatments for Schizophrenia
  311. Pharmacological Actions of Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs
  312. Box 15.2 Animal Models for Identifying Typical and Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs: Conditioned Avoidance and Catalepsy
  313. Third-Generation Antipsychotic Drugs
  314. Administration Forms for Antipsychotic Drugs
  315. Pharmacogenetics and Antipsychotic Effects
  316. Antipsychotic Drugs and Autism
  317. From Actions to Effects: Antipsychotic Drug Actions and Neurotransmission in Schizophrenia
  318. Chapter Summary
  319. Key Terms
  320. Glossary
  321. References
  322. Author Index
  323. Subject Index

 

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