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Test Bank for Contemporary Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing, 3rd Edition: Carol R. Kneisl

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Test Bank for Contemporary Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing, 3rd Edition: Carol R. Kneisl

Product details:

ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0133581608
ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0133581607
Author:

CONTEMPORARY PSYCHIATRIC-MENTAL HEALTH NURSING, 3/e is the most up-to-date, evidence-based, culturally competent, authoritative, and comprehensive resource for psychiatric-mental health nursing. The authors emphasize the importance of empathy and client empowerment, while providing the knowledge and clinical competence that psychiatric-mental health nurses can use to help diverse clients heal on both psychobiologic and spiritual levels. They prepare students to tailor and humanize interventions for traditional as well as “new” psychiatric-mental health clients encountered in forensic settings, homeless shelters, and in other community and rehab settings. Since advances in neuroscience and genetics are redefining the scientific understanding of mental disorders, the authors offer a solid grounding in psychobiology, including brain imaging assessment and new psychopharmacologic treatment options. This edition adds a full chapter on Recovery and Psychiatric Rehabilitation Strategies, and many new boxed features showing how psychiatric disorders are portrayed in the news and movies.

Table contents:

Contemporary Psychiatric–Mental Health Nursing
About the Authors
Thank You!
Preface
Underlying Themes
Organization
New to This Edition
The Textbook as a Map, a Compass, and an Inspiration
A Guide to Contemporary Psychiatric–Mental Health Nursing
Special Features
Detailed Contents
Unit 1 Foundations for Psychiatric–Mental Health Nursing Practice
1 Mental Health, Mental Disorder, and Psychiatric–Mental Health Clients: Who Are They?
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
Critical Thinking Challenge
The Concepts of Deviance, Mental Health, and Mental Disorder
Deviance
Clients, Not Patients
Mental Health
Mental Disorder
Mental Disorder as a Global Problem
Mental Disorders in the United States
Comorbidity of Mental Disorders
Care-Seeking Patterns in Mental Health Care
Cost of Mental Health Care
Adequacy of Mental Health Care Services
Mental Disorders Around the Globe
Historical Perspectives
Era of Magico–Religious Explanations
Era of Organic Explanations
Era of Alienation
Era of Confinement
Era of Moral Treatment
Era of Psychoanalysis
Contemporary Developments
The Stigma of Mental Illness
Language Matters
References
2 Psychiatric–Mental Health Nurses: Who Are They?
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
Critical Thinking Challenge
Emergence of the Discipline
Early Psychiatric Nursing Education
Moving into the Mainstream
Psychiatric Nursing as a Specialty
Role Clarification
Clinical Nurse Specialist Role
Fiscal Decline and Retrenchment
Decade of the Brain
The New Millennium
Standards and Levels of Practice
Basic Level of Practice
Advanced Level of Practice
Partnership and Collaboration
The Mental Health Team
Cooperation Versus Competition
Clients and Families
Nursing’s Theoretic Heritage
Peplau
Travelbee
Paterson and Zderad
Watson
Benner
Implications for Psychiatric–Mental Health Nursing Practice
References
3 Self-Awareness and the Psychiatric–Mental Health Nurse
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
Critical Thinking Challenge
Personal Integration
Creating a Common Ground
Searching for Meaning
Feelings: The Affective Self
Self-Awareness of Feelings
Problems With Submerged Feelings
Dominant Emotional Themes
Acceptance of Disapproved Feelings
Beliefs and Values
Dogmatic Belief
Issues of Blame and Control
Attitudes and Opinions
Arriving at Values
Culture and Social Class
Sociocultural Heritage
Avoiding Misdiagnosis
Taking Care of the Self
Solitude
Physical Health
Sleep Deprivation and Shift Work Disorder
Attending to Internal Stress Signals
Burnout
Cues to Burnout
Reducing Burnout
Qualities That Enhance Therapeutic Relationships
Respect for the Client
Availability
Spontaneity
Hope
Acceptance
Sensitivity
Assertiveness
Passive Behavior
Aggressive Behavior
Assertive Behavior
Vision
Accountability
Advocacy
Spirituality
Empathy
Critical Thinking
References
4 The Therapeutic Nurse–Client Relationship
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
Critical Thinking Challenge
The One–to–One Relationship
Characteristics of Therapeutic Nurse–Client Relationships
Therapeutic Alliance
Professional
Informal Relationships
Formal Relationships
Mutually Defined
Collaborative
Goal Directed
Open
Negotiated
Committed
Culturally Sensitive
Phenomena Occurring in One–to–One Relationships
Resistance
Evaluating Behavior as Resistive
General Intervention Strategies With Resistance
Acting Out as Resistance
Intervention Strategies With Acting Out
Transference
Positive Transference
Negative Transference
Countertransference
Conflict Between Caretaker and Therapist Roles
Critical Distance
Gift Giving
Use of Touch
Self-Disclosure
Culture, Values, and Beliefs
Nursing Process Orientation (Beginning) Phase
Assessment
Subjective Data
Objective Data
The Initial Interview
Nursing Diagnosis: NANDA
Outcome Identification: NOC
Planning and Implementation: NIC
Developing the Therapeutic Contract
Establishing Trust
Keeping Confidentiality
Tuning In to Process
Addressing the Client’s Suffering
Clarifying Purpose, Roles, and Responsibilities
Gift Giving During the Orientation Phase
Evaluation
Nursing Process Working (Middle) Phase
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis: NANDA
Outcome Identification: NOC
Planning and Implementation: NIC
Testing the Effect of New Behaviors
Implementing Problem-Solving Strategies
Challenging the Client’s Resistance to Change
Gift Giving During the Working Phase
Evaluation
Nursing Process Termination (End) Phase
Assessment
Nurse’s Self-Awareness
Nursing Diagnosis: NANDA
Outcome Identification: NOC
Planning and Implementation: NIC
Intervening in Specific Client Termination Behaviors
Providing for an Explicit and Therapeutic Good-Bye
Gift Giving During the Termination Phase
Referring the Client for Follow-Up
Evaluation
Clinical Supervision
Case Management
Community-Based Care
Home Care
References
Unit 2 Theoretical Basis for Psychiatric–Mental Health Nursing Practice
5 Theories for Interdisciplinary Care in Psychiatry
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
Critical Thinking Challenge
Scope of Psychiatric–Mental Health Nursing Practice
Humanistic Interactionism and Psychobiology: The Mind–Body–Spirit Connection
Basic Premises of Interactionism
Implications for Psychiatric–Mental Health Nursing Practice
The First Premise: Behavior Is Purposeful
The Second Premise: Different Meanings for Different People
The Third Premise: Meanings Arise in One’s Social World
The Fourth Premise: Meaning Is Individually Inter preted
The Fifth Premise: Self as a Valued Object
The Sixth Premise: New Ways of Being
The Seventh Premise: Culture Shapes Conduct
Basic Premises of Humanism
Implications for Psychiatric–Mental Health Nursing Practice
A Holistic View of the Mind–Body Relationship
An Expanded Role for Nurses
Negotiation and Advocacy
Basic Premises of Psychobiology
Implications for Psychiatric–Mental Health Nursing Practice
Theories for Interdisciplinary Psychiatric Care
Medical–Psychobiologic Theory
Assumptions and Key Ideas
Implications for Psychiatric–Mental Health Nursing Practice
Psychoanalytic Theory
Assumptions and Key Ideas
Psychic Determinism
Role of the Unconscious
Psychoanalysis
Structure of the Mind
Instinctual Drives
The Oedipus Complex and the Electra Complex
Decline of Freudian Psychoanalysis
Implications for Psychiatric–Mental Health Nursing Practice
Cognitive–Behavioral Theory
Assumptions and Key Ideas
Implications for Psychiatric–Mental Health Nursing Practice
Social–Interpersonal Theories
Assumptions and Key Ideas
Interpersonal–Psychiatric Theory: Harry Stack Sullivan
Hierarchy of Basic Human Needs: Abraham Maslow
Client-Centered Therapy: Carl Rogers
Developmental Theory of Personality: Erik Erikson
General Systems Theory
Implications for Psychiatric–Mental Health Nursing Practice
References
6 The Biologic Basis of Behavioral and Mental Disorders
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
Critical Thinking Challenge
Brain, Mind, and Behavior
Neuroanatomy
Cerebrum
Frontal Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Limbic System
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Reticular Activating System
Extrapyramidal System
Diencephalon
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pituitary Gland
Basal Ganglia
Cerebellum
Brain Stem
Medulla Oblongata
Pons
Midbrain
Autonomic Nervous System
Genetics
Gene Structure
Gene Function
Genetic Research
Ethics in Genetic Research
The Genetic Basis of Psychiatric Illness
Neurons, Synapses, and Neurotransmission
Synaptic Transmission
Neurotransmitters
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
Histamine
Amino Acids
Psychoendocrinology and Psychoneuroimmunology
Endocrine System
Irregularities of Neuroendocrine Function
Neuropeptides
Immune System
Kindling and Behavioral Sensitization
Circadian Rhythms
Circadian Sleep Rhythm Disorders
Jet Lag Type
Delayed Sleep Phase Type
Advanced Sleep Phase Type
Psychobiology and Mental Disorders
Schizophrenia
Neuron Loss
Cognitive Abnormalities
Molecular Genetics
Structural Brain Abnormalities
Genetic Alterations
Stress–Diathesis Model
Mood Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
Panic Disorder
Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Dementia of the Alzheimer’s Type (DAT)
Neurobiology
Genetics
Personality Disorders
Neurobiology
Neurochemistry
Genetics
Substance-Related Disorders
Psychobiology and Nursing
References
7 The Science of Psychopharmacology
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
Critical Thinking Challenge
Psychopharmacology and Nursing
Neuroleptics and Psychotropics
Biologic Impact on Ethnically Distinct Groups
Antipsychotic Medications
Basic Mechanisms of Action
Major Effects
The Choice of a Specific Medication
Newer Antipsychotics
Clozapine (Clozaril)
Risperidone (Risperdal)
Dosage
The Decision to Use a Medication
Special Considerations
Unique Routes of Administration
Potential Side Effects of Antipsychotic Medications
Metabolizing Psychiatric Medications
Antidepressant Medications
Psychobiologic Considerations
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
Other Medications Used for Depression
Age-Related Considerations
Mood Stabilizers
Dosage
Psychobiology of Lithium
Anxiolytic Medications
Effects
Meprobamate
Benzodiazepines and Nonbenzodiazepines
New Medications
Uses for Anxiolytics
Psychobiology of Anxiolytic Medications
Treatment for Insomnia
Treatment of Dat
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
Glutamate Pathway Modifier
Medication Counterfeiting
Herbal Medicines
Assessing Herb Consumption
References
8 Stress, Anxiety, and Coping
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
Critical Thinking Challenge
Stress
Conflict as a Stressor
Approach–Avoidance Conflict
Avoidance–Avoidance Conflict
Approach–Approach Conflict
Biopsychosocial Theories of Stress
The Fight-or-Flight Response to Stress
Selye’s Stress–Adaptation Theory
Life Changes as Stressful Events
Application to Clinical Practice
Stress as a Transaction
Psychoneuroimmunology Framework
Self-Healing Personalities
Hardiness, Resilience, and Health
Disease-Prone Personalities
Anxiety
Neurobiologic Basis of Anxiety
Sources of Anxiety
Anxiety as a Continuum
Mild Anxiety
Moderate Anxiety
Severe Anxiety
Panic
Assessing Anxiety
Physiological Dimension
Cognitive Dimension
Emotional/Behavioral Dimension
Coping with Stress and Anxiety
Everyday Ways of Coping With Stress
Seeking Comfort
Relying on Self-Discipline
Intense Expression of Feeling
Avoidance and Withdrawal
Talking It Out
Privately Thinking It Through
Working It Off
Engaging in Self-Healing Mind–Body Practices
Spirituality and Prayerfulness
Using Symbolic Substitutes
Somatizing
Defense-Oriented Ways of Coping: Defense Mechanisms
Repression
Nursing Intervention Strategies
Regression
Nursing Intervention Strategies
Suppression
Nursing Intervention Strategies
Dissociation
Nursing Intervention Strategies
Identification
Nursing Intervention Strategies
Introjection
Nursing Intervention Strategies
Projection
Nursing Intervention Strategies
Denial
Nursing Intervention Strategies
Fantasy
Nursing Intervention Strategies
Rationalization
Nursing Intervention Strategies
Reaction Formation
Nursing Intervention Strategies
Displacement
Nursing Intervention Strategies
Undoing
Nursing Intervention Strategies
Intellectualization
Nursing Intervention Strategies
Psychological Factors Affecting Medical Conditions
Holistic Theory of Illness
Selected Conditions Affected by Psychological Factors
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Peptic Ulcer
Inflammatory Bowel Disorders
Cardiovascular Disorders
Endocrine Disorders
Asthma
Arthritis
Headache
Skin Disorders
Resistance to Psychosocial Intervention
References
9 Cultural Competence
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
Critical Thinking Challenge
Developing an Understanding of Cultural Competence
Cultural Competence
Worldview
Ethnicity and Ethnocentrism
Cultural Sensitivity
Cultural Values
Cross-Cultural Communication
Language and Dialect
Working With an Interpreter
Degree of Literacy
Other Cultural Phenomena Affecting Health and Health Care
Control Over One’s Environment
Biologic Variations
Social Organization
Space
Time Orientation
Cultural Assessment
Degree of Acculturation
Heritage Assessment
Transcultural Care Planning
Culture Brokering
The Nurse-as-Culture-Broker
Conditions That Affect Brokering
Stages of Culture Brokering
Developing Cultural Competence in Nursing Practice
General Strategies for Developing Cultural Competence
Developing Cultural Competence With Specific Cultural Groups
Culturally Competent Health Care Promotion and Disease Prevention Programs
Cultural Risk Factors for Mental Disorder
Gender Differences
Age
Social Class and Poverty
Ethnicity
Marital Status
Physical Health Status
Positive Family History
Season of Birth
Adverse Life Events
Physical Environment
Lifestyle Habits
Culture and Culture-Bound Syndromes in the DSM
Advocating Issues of Cultural Diversity in Nursing
Nursing Practice
Nursing Research
Nursing Education
References
Unit 3 Psychiatric– Mental Health Nursing Processes
10 Therapeutic Communication
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
Critical Thinking Challenge
The Process of Human Communication
Role of Perception
Role of Values
Role of Culture
The Spoken Word
Denotation and Connotation
Private and Shared Meanings
Nonverbal Messages
Body Movement
Voice Quality and Nonlanguage Sounds
Personal and Social Space
Touch
Cultural Artifacts
Verbal and Nonverbal Links
Biopsychosocial Theories And Models Of Human Communication
Symbolic Interactionist Model
Neurobiologic Factors
Therapeutic Communication Theory
Basic Concepts
Successful Versus Disturbed Communication
Efficiency
Appropriateness
Flexibility
Feedback
Behavioral Effects and Human Communication Theory
Communication Levels
Communication Disturbances
Neurolinguistic Programming Theory
Determining the Sensory Modality
Preferred Predicates
Eye-Accessing Cues
Gross Hand Movements
Breathing Pattern
Speech Pattern and Voice Tones
Therapeutic Use of NLP
Facilitating Communication And Building A Relationship
Superficiality Versus Intimacy
Facilitating Intimacy
Responding With Empathy
Responding With Respect
Responding With Genuineness
Responding With Immediacy
Responding With Warmth
Therapeutic Communication Skills
Speaking to the Hard of Hearing
Empathizing
Active Listening
Using Silence
Reflecting
Reflecting Content
Reflecting Feelings
Imparting Information
Avoiding Self-Disclosure
Clarifying
Paraphrasing
Checking Perceptions
Questioning
Structuring
Pinpointing
Linking
Giving Feedback
Confronting
Summarizing
Processing
Common Mistakes
Circumventing Potential Cultural Barriers To Communication
References
11 Psychiatric–Mental Health Assessment
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
Critical Thinking Challenge
The Nursing Role in Assessment
Psychiatric Examination
Psychiatric History
Data Sources
Mental Status Examination
General Behavior, Appearance, and Attitude
Characteristics of Speech
Mutism
Circumstantiality
Perseveration
Flight of Ideas
Blocking
Emotional State
Content of Thought
Orientation
Memory
General Intellectual Level
Abstract Thinking
Insight Evaluation
Summary
Mini-Mental State Exam
Nurses’ Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluations
Physiological Assessment
Biologic History Taking
Observation
Neurologic Assessment
Brain Imaging Techniques
Psychological Testing
Personality Tests
Objective Personality Tests
Projective Personality Tests
Cognitive Function Tests
Common Cognitive Function Tests
Psychiatric Diagnostic Practice According to the DSM
Basic Principles of the Multiaxial System
Description of the Axes
Axis I: Clinical Disorders
Axis II: Personality Disorders
Axis III: General Medical Conditions
Axis IV: Psychosocial and Environmental Problems
Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning
Psychosocial Assessment
Individual Assessment
The Place of Assessment in Practice
Nursing Care Plans
Critical Pathways
Algorithms
Quality Assurance
References
12 Ethics, Clients’ Rights, and Legal and Forensic Issues
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
Critical Thinking Challenge
Ethics
Ethical Analysis
Principles of Bioethics
Autonomy
Beneficence
Fidelity
Justice
Nonmaleficence
Veracity
Neuroethics: An Emerging Field
Ethical Guidelines for Psychiatric–Mental Health Nurses
Clinical Judgment and Ethical Reasoning
Ethical Dilemmas in Psychiatric–Mental Health Nursing
Stigma of Psychiatric Diagnoses
Need for Diagnostic Labels
Nurse’s Moral Stance on Diagnoses
Control of Individual Freedom
Violence Against Others
Suicide
Psychosurgery
Psychotropic Medications
Restraints
Client Privacy and Confidentiality
Legislation, Commitment, and Hospitalization Issues
Admission and Commitment Categories
Voluntary Admission
Involuntary Commitment
Emergency
Temporary or Observational
Extended or Indeterminate
Involuntary Outpatient Commitment
Ethical Dilemmas of Involuntary Hospitalization
Discharge or Separation Categories
Discharge
Conditional
Absolute
Transfer
Escape
Psychiatry and Criminal Law
Determining Legal Sanity
M’Naghten Rule
Irresistible Impulse
American Law Institute Model Penal Code
Guilty but Mentally Ill
Diminished Capacity
Competence to Stand Trial
Psychiatric Forensic Nursing
Dimensions of Practice
Role Credibility
Roles and Functions
Forensic Examiner
Competency Therapist
Expert Witness
Consultant to Attorneys
Consultant to Law Enforcement
Correctional Mental Health Nursing
Client Rights
Right to Informed Consent
Right to Treatment
Right to Refuse Treatment
Ethical Dilemmas
Right to Treatment in the Least Restrictive Setting
Treatment Setting
Institutional Policy
Enforcement
Treatment
Client Characteristics
Right to Communicate With Others
Right Not to Be Subjected to Unnecessary Mechanical Restraints
Right to Privacy
Privileged Communication
Disclosure to Safeguard Others
Right to Periodic Review
Right to Independent Psychiatric Examination
Right to Participate in Legal Matters
Contracts
Wills
Marriage and Divorce
Voting
Right to Drive
Right to Practice a Profession
Right to Habeas Corpus
Rights of Children or Minors
Psychiatric Advance Directives
Liability and the Psychiatric–Mental Health Nurse
Negligence
Conditions for Establishing Negligence
Contract for Care
Duty of Care
Presence of Harm
Common Practice
Boundary Violation
Acting Against the Nurse’s Advice
Malpractice
Need to Document
Client Advocacy
Physical and Psychological Abuse of Clients
Advocacy Interventions
Duty to Intervene
Contract for Care
Assessment
Responsibility to Communicate and Collaborate
Formulating a Plan to Intervene
Illegal, Immoral, or Unethical Activities of Professionals
References
13 Creating Hospital and Community-Based Therapeutic Environments
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
Critical Thinking Challenge
Deinstitutionalization and the Community Mental Health Movement
The Therapeutic Environment in Hospital-Based Care
Admission Criteria
A Unique Role for Nurses
External Factors Affecting the Treatment Environment
Privacy
Autonomy
Safety
Group Well-Being
Therapeutic Environment Principles
Restrictiveness
Orienting the Client and Family
Safety and the Structural Environment
Program Structure
Program Rules
Community Meetings
Client Government
Supportive Social Climate
Spirituality
Encouraging a Partnership With Clients and Families
Establishing a Daily Schedule
Using Positive Communication Skills
Identifying and Participating in Support Groups
Recognizing Illness Relapse or Exacerbation
The Therapeutic Environment in Community-Based Care
Community Mental Health Centers
Mobile Outreach Units
Assertive Community Treatment (ACT)
Psychiatric Home Care
Managed Mental Health Care
Managed Care Settings
Inpatient Settings
Shorter, More Intense Stays
Critical Pathways
Primary Care Centers
Triage Services
Employer-Based Clinics
Unique Aspects of MCOs
Legal Issues
Treatment Adherence
Medication Adherence
MCO Member Expectations
Continuity of Care
Ethics in Managed Mental Health Care
Case Management
Case Manager Role
Gatekeeping and Facilitating
Client Advocacy
Assessment Phase Challenges
Planning Phase Challenges
Implementation Phase Challenges
Evaluation Phase Challenges
References
Unit 4 Clients With Mental Disorders
14 Cognitive Disorders
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
Critical Thinking Challenge
Delirium
Signs of Delirium
Cognition
Attention and Wakefulness
Psychomotor Behavior
Differentiating Delirium from Dementia and Depression
Dementia
Dementia of the Alzheimer’s Type (DAT)
Signs of Dementia of the Alzheimer’s Type (DAT)
Progression of Dementia of the Alzheimer’s Type (DAT)
Treatment for DAT
Dementia With Lewy Bodies
Vascular Dementia
Parkinson’s Disease (PD)
Huntington’s Disease
Pick’s Disease
Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease (CJD)
New Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease (nvCJD)
Binswanger’s Disease (BD)
Pseudodementia
Medical Conditions Affecting Cognition
Focal Brain Processes
Medication Side Effects
HIV-Associated Dementia
Amnestic Disorder
Biopsychosocial Theories
Nursing Process Clients With Cognitive Disorders
Assessment
Subjective Data
Cognitive Functioning
Nursing Diagnoses: NANDA
Impaired Physical Mobility
Self-Care Deficit: Bathing/Hygiene, Dressing/Grooming, Feeding, Toileting
Readiness for Enhanced Sleep
Disturbed Thought Processes
Impaired Verbal Communication
Risk for Self-Directed Violence and Risk for Other-Directed Violence
Ineffective Role Performance
Disturbed Sensory Perception
Risk for Situational Low Self-Esteem
Functional Urinary Incontinence, Bowel Incontinence
Imbalanced Nutrition, Less Than Body Requirements
Outcome Identification: NOC
Planning and Implementation: NIC
Promoting Normal Motor Behavior
Maintaining Self-Care
Promoting Adequate Sleep
Supporting Knowledge Processes
Supporting Optimal Memory Functioning
Promoting Optimal Medication Management
Promoting Optimal Orientation
Supporting Optimal Verbal Expression
Supporting Appropriate Conduct/Impulse Control
Supporting Optimal Role Performance
Maintaining Optimal Attention Span
Promoting Optimal Self-Concept/Self-Esteem
Supporting Optimal Perceptual Functioning
Promoting Optimal Patterns of Elimination
Promoting Optimal Nutritional Status
Evaluation
Delirium Evaluation Criteria
Dementia Evaluation Criteria
Case Management
Community-Based Care
Home Care
References
15 Substance-Related Disorders
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
Critical Thinking Challenge
Substance-Related Disorders
Substance Abuse
Substance Dependence
Substance Intoxication
Substance Withdrawal
Substance-Induced Sleep Disorders
Biopsychosocial Theories
Biologic/Genetic Theories
Psychological Theories
Sociocultural Theories
Family Systems Theories
Dysfunctional Family Roles
Alcohol
The Effects of Alcohol
Patterns of Use
Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome
Hangover
Alcoholic Hallucinosis
Generalized Seizures
Delirium Tremens
Withdrawal from Alcohol and Medical Treatment
Minor Withdrawal
Major Withdrawal
Treatment of Withdrawal
Blackouts
Alcohol-Induced Persisting Amnestic Disorder
Alcoholic Encephalopathy
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Suicide and Alcoholism
Barbiturates or Similarly Acting Sedatives or Hypnotics
The Effects of Barbiturates, Sedatives, or Hypnotics
Patterns of Use
Action
Withdrawal
Opioids
The Effects of Opioids
Patterns of Use
Overdose
Withdrawal
Treatment
Amphetamines or Similarly Acting Sympathomimetics
The Effects of Amphetamines
Patterns of Use
Methamphetamine
Withdrawal
Cannabis
The Effects of Cannabis
Patterns of Use
Cocaine
The Effects of Cocaine
Cocaine Intoxication
The “Post-Coke” Blues
Patterns of Use
Treatment
Crack
Symptoms of Crack Use
Freebase
Phencyclidine (PCP)
The Effects of PCP
Treatment
Hallucinogens
The Effects of Hallucinogens
Treatment
Bad Trips
Flashbacks
Inhalants
The Effects of Inhalants
Patterns of Use
Treatment
Nicotine
The Effects of Nicotine
Patterns of Use
Treatment
Caffeine
The Effects of Caffeine
Patterns of Use
Treatment
Polydrug Use
Designer Drugs
Groups at Risk for Substance Abuse
Teenagers
Psychiatric Clients With Coexisting Substance Abuse Disorders
Gender Differences
Biologic Aspects
General Hospital Clients
Older Adults
Adult Children of Alcoholics
Health Care Providers
Nursing Process Clients With Substance-Related Disorders
Assessment
Subjective Data
Objective Data
Nursing Diagnoses: NANDA
Outcome Identification: NOC
Planning and Implementation: NIC
General Hospital Care
Specialty Hospital Care
Residential Rehabilitation
Extended Residential Care
Outpatient Care
Self-Help Groups
Relapse
General Treatment Approaches
Helping the Family
Evaluation
Case Management
Community-Based Care
Home Care
References
16 Schizophrenia
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
Critical Thinking Challenge
Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Positive Symptoms
Hallucinations
Delusions
Disordered Speech and Behavior
Negative Symptoms
Flat Affect
Alogia
Avolition
Anhedonia
Recognizing the Presence of Negative Symptoms
Subtypes of Schizophrenia
Paranoid Type
Disorganized Type
Catatonic Type
Undifferentiated Type
Residual Type
Somatic Treatments
Relapse
Other Psychotic Disorders
Schizophreniform Disorder
Schizoaffective Disorder
Delusional Disorder
Brief Psychotic Disorder
Additional Psychotic Disorders
Biopsychosocial Theories
Biologic Theories
Genetic Theories
Brain Structure Abnormalities
Biochemical Theories
Psychological Theories
Information Processing
Attention and Arousal
Family Theories
Humanistic–Interactional Theories
Stress–Vulnerability Model
Resources That Moderate Stress
Nursing Process Clients With Schizophrenia
Assessment
Subjective Data
Objective Data
Nursing Diagnosis: NANDA
Impaired Communication
Self-Care Deficits
Activity Intolerance
Social Isolation
Decisional Conflict
Disturbed Sensory Perception
Disturbed Body Image
Excess Fluid Volume
Disturbed Thought Processes
Dysfunctional Family Processes
Interrupted Family Processes
Outcome Identification: NOC
Planning and Implementation: NIC
Preventing Relapse
Promoting Adequate Communication
Promoting Adherence With Medication Regimen
Assisting With Grooming and Hygiene
Promoting Organized Behavior
Promoting Social Interaction and Activity
Promoting Social Skills and Activities
Intervening With Hallucinations and Delusions
Promoting Congruent Emotional Responses
Promoting Family Understanding and Involvement
Promoting Community Contacts
Evaluation
Communication
Self-Care
Activity Intolerance
Social Isolation
Sensory/Perceptual Alterations
Thought Processes
Emotional Responses
Family Functioning
Case Management
Community-Based Care
Home Care
References
17 Mood Disorders
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
Critical Thinking Challenge
Major Depressive Episode/Disorder
Dysthymic Disorder
Seasonal Affective Disorder
Bipolar Disorders
Manic and Hypomanic Episodes
Depressed Episodes
Mixed Episodes
Cyclothymic Disorder
Mood Disorders Due to Other Conditions
Postpartum Mood Episodes
Bereavement
Dysfunctional Grieving
Biopsychosocial Theories
Psychoanalytic Theory
Cognitive Theory
Biologic Theories
Gender and Age
Genetic Theories
Biochemical Theories
Biologic Rhythms
Psychological Factors
Sociocultural Factors
Nursing Process Clients With Major Depressive Disorders
Assessment
Subjective Data
Objective Data
Nursing Diagnosis: NANDA
Risk for Self-Directed Violence
Situational Low Self-Esteem or Chronic Low Self-Esteem
Hopelessness
Social Isolation
Outcome Identification: NOC
Risk for Self-Directed Violence
Situational Low Self-Esteem or Chronic Low Self-Esteem
Hopelessness
Social Isolation
Planning and Implementation: NIC
Preventing Suicide and Promoting Safety
Promoting Self-Esteem
Instilling Hope
Enhancing Socialization
Administering Medications
Monitoring Electroconvulsive Therapy
Evaluation
Impulse Control and Suicide Self-Restraint
Self-Esteem
Hopelessness
Social Involvement
Case Management
Community-Based Care
Home Care
Nursing Process Clients With Bipolar Disorders
Assessment
Subjective Data
Objective Data
Nursing Diagnosis: NANDA
Risk for Injury
Disturbed Thought Processes
Impaired Social Interaction
Self-Care Deficit
Sleep Deprivation
Outcome Identification: NOC
Risk for Injury
Disturbed Thought Processes
Impaired Social Interaction
Self-Care Deficit
Sleep Deprivation
Planning and Implementation: NIC
Promoting Client Safety
Administering Medications
Intervening With Delusions and Hallucinations
Enhancing Socialization
Monitoring Intake and Output and Promoting Nutrition
Promoting Improved Self-Care
Enhancing Rest and Sleep
Evaluation
Risk for Injury
Cognitive Orientation and Reality-Based Thinking
Social Interaction Skills
Intake, Output, and Nutrition
Self-Care
Rest and Sleep
Case Management, Community-Based Care, And Home Care
References
18 Anxiety Disorders
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
Critical Thinking Challenge
ANXIETY DISORDERS
Panic Disorder
Phobic Disorders
Agoraphobia
Social Phobia
Specific Phobia
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder
Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated With Streptococci (PANDAS)
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Acute Stress Disorder
BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL THEORIES
Biologic Factors
Genetic Theories
Psychosocial Theories
Behavioral Theories
Humanistic Theories
The Nursing Process Clients With Anxiety Disorders
Assessment
Subjective Data
Objective Data
Nursing Diagnosis: NANDA
Fear
Anxiety
Ineffective Coping
Ineffective Role Performance
Impaired Verbal Communication
Risk for Trauma
Disturbed Thought Processes and Disturbed Sensory Perception
Ineffective Tissue Perfusion
Insomnia
Outcome Identification: NOC
Planning and Implementation: NIC
Reducing Fear
Reducing Anxiety
Teaching Clients About Medications
Promoting Effective Coping
Interventions for Clients Experiencing Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder
Interventions for Clients Experiencing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Interventions for Clients Experiencing Phobic Disorders
Promoting Effective Communication
Promoting Safety
Promoting Optimal Tissue Perfusion
Promoting Effective Sensory Perception and Thought Processes
Promoting Sleep
Evaluation
Anxiety
Individual Coping
Role Performance
Communication and Safety
Thought Processes and Sensory Perception
Tissue Perfusion
Sleep
CASE MANAGEMENT
COMMUNITY-BASED CARE
HOME CARE
References
19 Dissociative, Somatoform, and Factitious Disorders
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
Critical Thinking Challenge
Dissociative Disorders
Dissociative Amnesia
Dissociative Fugue
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Depersonalization Disorder
Biopsychosocial Theories
Biologic and Genetic Factors
Psychosocial Theories
Behavioral Theories
Humanistic Theories
The Nursing Process Clients With Dissociative Disorders
Assessment
Subjective Data
Objective Data
Nursing Diagnosis: NANDA
Disturbed Sensory Perception and Disturbed Thought Processes
Ineffective Role Performance
Ineffective Coping
Outcome Identification: NOC
Planning and Implementation: NIC
Promoting Improved Sensory Perception and Thought Processes
Promoting Effective Role Performance
Promoting Effective Coping
Evaluation
Sensory Perception and Thought Processes
Role Performance
Individual Coping
Case Management
Community-Based Care
Home Care
Somatoform Disorders
Somatization Disorder
Conversion Disorder
Pain Disorder
Hypochondriasis
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Undifferentiated Somatoform Disorder
Malingering
Factitious Disorder
Factitious Disorder by Proxy
Biopsychosocial Theories
Biologic Factors
Genetic Theories
Psychosocial Theories
Humanistic Theories
Nursing Process Clients With Somatoform Disorders
Assessment
Subjective Data
Objective Data
Nursing Diagnosis: NANDA
Impaired Verbal Communication
Ineffective Role Performance and Compromised Family Coping
Ineffective Coping
Disturbed Thought Processes and Disturbed Sensory Perception
Outcome Identification: NOC
Planning and Implementation: NIC
Promoting Effective Communication
Promoting Improved Role Performance and Family Coping
Promoting Effective Coping
Promoting Improved Perception and Thought Processes
Evaluation
Communication
Role Performance and Family Coping
Coping
Perception and Thought Processes
Case Management
Community-Based Care
Home Care
References
20 Gender Identity and Sexual Disorders
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
Critical Thinking Challenge
Gender And Transgender
Gender Identity
Gender Roles
Disorders of Sexual Development
Transsexuals
Cross-Dressers
Paraphilias
Fetishism
Transvestic Fetishism
Sadism and Masochism (S/M)
Exhibitionism, Voyeurism, and Frotteurism
Pedophilia
Altered Sexual Function
Sexual Desire Disorders
Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder
Sexual Aversion Disorder
Sexual Arousal Disorders
Orgasmic Disorders
Female Orgasmic Disorder
Male Orgasmic Disorder
Premature Ejaculation
Sexual Pain Disorder
Dyspareunia
Vaginismus
Increased Sexual Interest
Sexual Addiction
Biopsychosocial Theories
Biologic Theory
Intrapersonal Theory
Behavioral Theory
Interpersonal Factors
Sociocultural Factors
Nursing Process Clients With Sexual Problems
Assessment
Subjective Data
Objective Data
Erectile Capacity
Nursing Diagnosis: NANDA
Anxiety and Fear
Spiritual Distress
Compromised Family Coping
Disturbed Personal Identity
Ineffective Role Performance
Ineffective Sexuality Pattern
Risk for Violence: Self-Directed or Other-Directed
Pain
Deficient Knowledge
Sexual Dysfunction
Outcome Identification: NOC
Planning and Implementation: NIC
Using the PLISSIT Model
Giving Permission
Supplying Information
Suggesting Adaptations
Referring for Intensive Therapy
Reducing Violence Against the Self
Reducing Violence Against Others
Promoting Comfort With Gender Identity
Reducing Pain
Educating About Noncoercive Sex Patterns
Reinforcing Sexual Health
Managing Compulsive Sexual Behavior
Addressing Sexual Dysfunctions
Enhancing Communication
Reducing Spiritual Distress
Increasing Knowledge
Evaluation
Violence
Gender Identity
Pain
Noncoercive Sexuality Patterns
Compulsive Sexual Behavior
Sexual Dysfunction
Spiritual Distress
Case Management
Community-Based Care
Home Care
References
21 Eating Disorders
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
Critical Thinking Challenge
Anorexia Nervosa
Bulimia Nervosa
Biopsychosocial Theories
Psychoanalytic Theory
Family Systems Theory
Cognitive–Behavioral Theories
Sociocultural Theory
Biologic Theory
Nursing Process The Client with Anorexia Nervosa
Assessment
Subjective Data
Objective Data
Nursing Diagnosis: NANDA
Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements
Ineffective Individual Coping
Disturbed Body Image
Chronic Low Self-Esteem
Outcome Identification: NOC
Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements
Ineffective Individual Coping
Disturbed Body Image
Chronic Low Self-Esteem
Planning and Implementation: NIC
Managing Nutrition
Facilitating Coping
Enhancing Body Image
Improving Self-Esteem
Evaluation
Nutritional Status
Coping
Body Image
Self-Esteem
Case Management
Community-Based Care
Home Care
Nursing Process The Client with Bulimia Nervosa
Assessment
Subjective Data
Objective Data
Nursing Diagnosis: NANDA
Anxiety
Deficient Fluid Volume
Ineffective Individual Coping
Compromised Family Coping
Outcome Identification: NOC
Anxiety
Deficient Fluid Volume
Ineffective Individual Coping
Compromised Family Coping
Planning and Implementation: NIC
Managing Medication
Reducing Anxiety
Managing Fluids and Electrolytes
Facilitating Coping
Mobilizing the Family
Evaluation
Anxiety
Fluid Volume
Individual Coping
Family Coping
Case Management, Community-Based Care, and Home Care
References
22 Personality Disorders
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
Critical Thinking Challenge
PERSONALITY DISORDERS
Cluster A Personality Disorders: Odd–Eccentric
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Suspiciousness and Mistrust
Rigidity
Hypervigilance
Distortions of Reality
Projection
Restricted Affect
Alienation
Schizoid Personality Disorder
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Cluster B Personality Disorders: Dramatic–Emotional
Borderline Personality Disorder
Impulsivity
Intense Anger
Identity Diffusion
Unstable Interpersonal Relationships
Affective Instability
Feelings of Emptiness and Aloneness
Self-Mutilation
Distortions of Reality
Histrionic Personality Disorder
Dramatic, Exhibitionistic, and Egocentric Responses
Dysfunctional Interpersonal Relationships
Impaired Sexual Expression
Dysphoric Mood
Cognitive Alterations
Impaired Health Patterns
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Grandiosity
Exhibitionism
Labile Affective Response
Dysfunctional Interpersonal Relationships
Impaired Sexual Expression
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Cluster C Personality Disorders: Anxious–Fearful
Avoidant Personality Disorder
Dependent Personality Disorder
Obsessive–Compulsive Personality Disorder
Biopsychosocial Theories
Biologic Factors
Genetic Theories
Psychosocial Theories
Humanistic Theories
NURSING SELF-AWARENESS
Nursing Process Clients With Cluster A (Odd–Eccentric) Personality Disorders
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis: NANDA
Outcome Identification: NOC
Planning and Implementation: NIC
Anger and Aggressive Behavior
Evaluation
Nursing Process Clients With Cluster B (Dramatic–Emotional) Personality Disorders
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis: NANDA
Outcome Identification: NOC
Planning and Implementation: NIC
Manipulation
Impulsiveness
Self-Destructive Behavior
Evaluation
Nursing Process Clients With Cluster C (Anxious–Fearful) Personality Disorders
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis: NANDA
Outcome Identification: NOC
Planning and Implementation: NIC
Impaired Social Interaction
Chronic Low Self-Esteem
Evaluation
CASE MANAGEMENT
COMMUNITY-BASED CARE
HOME CARE
References
Unit 5 Vulnerable Populations
23 Clients at Risk for Suicide and Self-Destructive Behavior
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
Critical Thinking Challenge
Self-Destructive Behavior
Ethics and Suicide
Meaning and Motivation in Suicide
Biopsychosocial Theories
Sociocultural Theory
Age and Gender
Alcohol and Substance Use
Ethnicity
Interpersonal and Intrapsychic Theory
Biologic Theory
Neurotransmitter Receptor Hypothesis
Genetics
Cognitive Theory
Suicide Prevention
Risk Factors and Protective Factors
National Suicide Prevention Initiative
Suicide Hotlines and Crisis Centers
Nursing Self-Awareness
Nursing Process The Suicidal or Self-Destructive Client
Assessment
Clues or Cries for Help
Lethality Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis: NANDA
Outcome Identification: NOC
Planning and Implementation: NIC
General Guidelines for Any Setting
General Guidelines for the Emergency Department
Suicide Precautions/Restrictive Status
Monitoring Safety of the Therapeutic Environment
Documenting Client Behavior and Treatment
Working With Families
Evaluation
Case Management
Community-Based Care
Home Care
Survivors of Suicide
Family and Friends Who Are Survivors
Child and Adolescent Survivors
Cluster Suicide
Staff Survivors of Client Suicide
References
24 Intrafamily Violence: Physical and Sexual Abuse
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
Critical Thinking Challenge
Intrafamily Violence: Physical Abuse
Sibling Abuse
Child Abuse
Shaken Baby Syndrome
Child Neglect
Homicide of Child
Homicide of Parent
Partner Abuse—Heterosexual
Partner Abuse—Homosexual
Elder Abuse
Emotional Abuse
Abuse of Pregnant Women
Stalking
Cycle of Violence
BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL THEORIES
Neurobiologic Theory
Intrapersonal Theory
Social Learning Theory
Gender Bias Theory
Nursing Process Intrafamily Physical Abuse
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis: NANDA
Outcome Identification: NOC
Planning and Implementation: NIC
Providing Psychoeducation
Treating the Abuser
Evaluation
Case Management
Community-Based Care
Home Care
Intrafamily Violence: Sexual Abuse
Types of Offenders
Juvenile Offenders
Male Offenders
Female Offenders
Abusive Behavior Patterns
Child Victims
Adult Survivors
Sexual Difficulties
Self-Mutilation
Memory of Sexual Abuse
Biopsychosocial Theories
Intrapersonal Theory
Family Systems Theory
Nursing Process Intrafamily Sexual Abuse
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis: NANDA
Outcome Identification: NOC
Planning and Implementation: NIC
Working With Children
Empowering Survivors
Supporting Spiritual Recovery
Increasing Self-Esteem
Reducing Anxiety
Facilitating Healing
Evaluation
Case Management
Community-Based Care and Home Care
References
25 Children
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
Critical Thinking Challenge
Child Psychiatric–Mental Health Nursing as a Specialty
Developmental Disorders
Intellectual Developmental Disorders
Specific Developmental Disorders
Learning Disorders
Motor Skills Disorder
Communication Disorders
Autism Spectrum Disorders
Autistic Disorder
Rett’s Disorder
Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
Asperger’s Disorder
Attention Deficit And Disruptive Behavior Disorders
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Conduct Disorder
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Feeding And Eating Disorders
Pica
Rumination Disorder
Feeding Disorder of Infancy or Early Childhood
Reactive Attachment Disorder of Infancy or Early Childhood
Separation Anxiety Disorder
Elimination Disorders
Encopresis
Enuresis
Other Important Disorders of Infancy or Childhood
Selective Mutism
Stereotypic Movement Disorder
Tic Disorders
Tourette’s Disorder
Chronic Versus Transient Tic Disorders
Adult Disorders That May Begin In Childhood
Anxiety Disorders
Mood Disorders
Schizophrenia
Biopsychosocial Theories
Psychodynamic Theory
Attachment Theory
Cognitive–Behavioral Theory
Biologic Theory
Neurobiologic Factors
Nervous System Responsiveness
Neuroendocrine Reactivity
Genetic Predisposition
Perinatal Complications
Brain Structure and Function
Multicausal Model
Nursing Process Children
Assessment
Cultural and Developmental Context
The History-Taking Interview
Clinical Assessment of a Child
Assessing Possible Maltreatment
Assessing Suicide Risk
Nursing Diagnosis: NANDA
Outcome Identification: NOC
Planning and Implementation: NIC
Therapeutic Approaches
Psychopharmacology
Responding to Suicide Risk
Evaluation
Nursing Self-Awareness
Case Management
Community-Based Care
Home Care
References
26 Adolescents
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
Critical Thinking Challenge
Mental Disorders and Adolescents
Biopsychosocial Theories
Biologic Theory
Neurobiology and Biochemistry
Chronic Illness
Psychopharmacology
Developmental Theory
Humanistic–Interactionist Theory
The Role of the Nurse
In Outpatient Settings
Community Health Nurse
Within the School
Within Community-Based Care
Within Social Programs
Nurse Counselor/Therapist
Individual Therapist
Group Therapist
Family Therapist
In the Inpatient Setting
Staff Nurse in a General Hospital Setting
Consultant in a General Hospital Setting
Staff Nurse or Advanced Practice Nurse in a Psychiatric Setting
Milieu Therapist
Nursing Process Adolescents
Assessment
Acting Out
Communication
Anger and Hostility
Anxiety and Resistance
Seduction and Manipulation of the Nurse
Sexual Behavior of the Adolescent
Dietary Problems and Eating Disorders
Depression and Suicide
Substance Use and Abuse
Nursing Diagnosis: NANDA
Outcome Identification: NOC
Planning and Implementation: NIC
Prevention Plans
Establishing a Contract With the Adolescent
Moderating Anger and Hostility
Moderate Testing and Setting Limits
Reducing Scapegoating
Reducing Bullying
Managing Sexual Behaviors
Reducing Substance Abuse
Evaluation
Case Management, Community-Based Care, and Home Care
References
27 Elders
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
Critical Thinking Challenge
Roadblocks to Mental Health Services for Elders
Ageism
Myths
Stigma
Health Care Financing
Biopsychosocial Theories of Aging
Biologic Theories
Genetic Theory
Wear-and-Tear Theory
Immunology Theory
Nutritional Theory
Environmental Theory
Psychosocial Theories
Activity Theory
Disengagement Theory
Psychiatric Disorders in Elders
Dementia
Mood Disorders
Depression in Elders
Suicide Among Elders
Schizophrenia
Adjustment Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
Delusional Disorders
Substance-Related Disorders
Disorders of Arousal and Sleep
Palliative and End-of-Life Issues with Mentally Ill Elders
Precepts of Palliative Care
Spirituality and End-of-Life Care
Nursing Process Elders
Assessment
The Assessment Interview
Biologic Assessment
Cognitive Status
Psychological/Emotional Status
Strengths and Coping Strategies
Sexuality
Social and Financial Status
Elder Abuse
Nursing Diagnosis: NANDA
Major Depression
Adjustment Disorder
Anxiety Disorders
Delusional Disorders
Impaired Social Interaction
Outcome Identification: NOC
Improvement in Disturbed Thought Processes
Renewed Hope and Self-Acceptance
Resumption of Self-Care and Health Maintenance
Appropriately Paced Activity, Rest, and Psychomotor Activity
Pleasure in Eating and Normal Weight
Decreased Preoccupation With Death and Dying
Planning and Implementation: NIC
Reminiscence Therapy and Life Review
Reality Orientation
Socialization Enhancement
Animal-Assisted Therapy
Exercise and Movement Therapy
Support Groups
Medication Administration
Evaluation
Case Management, Community-Based Care, and Home Care
Restorative Care
Community-Based Programs
Resistance to Care
References
Unit 6 Intervention Strategies
28 Therapeutic Groups
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
Critical Thinking Challenge
Small Group Dynamics
Trust
Self-Disclosure and Self-Awareness
Relations Within the Group
Cohesion
Group Roles and Leadership
Power and Influence
Group Developmental Phases
Forming
Storming
Norming
Performing
Terminating
Group Development Theory
Three Basic Interpersonal Needs
Inclusion
Control
Affection
Interpersonal Group Phases
Inclusion Phase
Control Phase
Affection Phase
Interweaving of Phases
Group Therapy Theory
Advantages of Group Therapy
Qualifications of Group Therapists
The Curative Factors
Types of Group Leadership
Single Therapist Approach
Cotherapy Approach
Junior–Senior Cotherapy
Egalitarian Cotherapy
Creating the Group
Selecting Members
Selection Interviews
Group Contract
Goals and Purposes
Time, Length, and Frequency of Meetings
Place of Meetings
Starting and Ending Dates
Addition of New Members
Attendance
Confidentiality
Member Interaction Outside of the Group
Participation of Members and Therapists
Fees
Stages in Therapy Group Development
Here-and-Now Emphasis
Steering the Group into the Here-and-Now
Illuminating the Process
Therapeutic Groups
Mutual-Help Groups
Psychoeducation Groups
Medication Teaching Groups
Social Skills Training Groups
Groups of Medically Ill Clients and Their Families
Activity Therapy Groups
Poetry Therapy Groups
Art Therapy Groups
Music Therapy Groups
Dance Therapy Groups
Bibliotherapy Groups
Storytelling Groups
Community Client Groups
Groups With Nurse Colleagues
References
29 Family-Focused Interventions
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
Critical Thinking Challenge
Nursing Self-Awareness
Family Dynamics
Family Structures
Family Life Cycle
Family Characteristics and Dynamics
Family Roles
Family Boundaries
Power Structure
Relationship Strains or Conflicts
Relationship and Communication Intricacies in Families
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy and Life Scripts
Family Myths and Themes
Family Coalitions
Deviations in the Adult Partners’ Coalition
Schism
Skew
Enmeshment
Disengagement
Pseudomutuality and Pseudohostility
Family Assessment
Demographic Information
Medical and Mental Health History
Family Interactional Data
Family Burden
What Families Want from Mental Health Professionals
Family System Data
Needs, Goals, Values, and Aspirations
Family Genogram
Cultural Family Genogram
Spiritual Family Genogram
Forensic Family Genogram
Family Interventions
Family Psychoeducation
Referral to NAMI
Family Therapy
Forms of Family Therapy
Qualifications of Family Therapists
The Unit of Treatment
Contract or Goal Negotiation
Intervention
Terminating Family Therapy
References
30 Cognitive and Behavioral Interventions
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
Critical Thinking Challenge
Cognitive Therapy
Basic Concepts
Attributions
Modeling
Self-Efficacy
Cognitive Therapy Techniques
Positive Imagery
Mastery Imagery
Negative Imagery
Attribution Restructuring
Behavior Therapy
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy
Behavior Modification
Response Prevention
Systematic Desensitization
Cognitive–Behavioral Therapy
Thought Stopping
Dialectical–Behavioral Therapy
Cultural Aspects of Cognitive and Behavioral Interventions
Nursing Process Behavioral Contracting
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis: NANDA
Outcome Identification: NOC
Planning and Implementation: NIC
Forming Practical and Measurable Objectives and Goals
Negotiating a Behavioral Contract
Providing Physiologic Support With Medications
Evaluation
Case Management
Community-Based Care and Home Care
References
31 Psychopharmacologic Nursing Interventions
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
Critical Thinking Challenge
The Nursing Role in Psychopharmacology
Assessing Clients
Administering Medications
Assessing, Documenting, and Evaluating the Effects of Medications
Educating Clients and Families
Addressing Individual Differences
Evaluating the Teaching–Learning Process
Ethical Concerns
Children and Adolescents
Elders
Pharmaceutical Advertising
Conflicts of Interest
Right to Refuse Medications
The Client’s Cultural Perspective
Cultural Self-Awareness of Nurses
Ethnicity and Metabolism of Psychiatric Medications
Nursing Responsibilities with Antipsychotics
Autonomic Nervous System Side Effects
Constipation
Orthostatic Hypotension
Extrapyramidal Side Effects
Acute Dystonic Reactions
Parkinsonian Syndrome
Akathisia
Tardive Dyskinesia
Prophylactic Treatment of EPSEs
Assessment of EPSEs
Sedation and Reduction of the Seizure Threshhold
Allergic Effects
Cardiac Effects
Blood, Skin, and Eye Effects
Endocrine Effects
Weight Gain
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Client and Family Education
Nursing Responsibilities with Antidepressants
Side Effects of TCAs
Overdose Effects of TCAs
Side Effects of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
Side Effects of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
Side Effects of Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
Age-Related Considerations With Antidepressants
Client and Family Education
Nursing Responsibilities with Mood Stabilizers
Lithium Carbonate
Nursing Responsibilities with Anxiolytics
Side Effects
Client and Family Education
Nursing Responsibilities with Medications for Dementia
Nursing Responsibilities with Herbal Medicines
Assessing Herbal Consumption
Incompatibilities and Uncommon Medication Combinations
Adherence Issues
References
32 Recovery and Psychiatric Rehabilitation Strategies
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
Critical Thinking Challenge
Readiness for Recovery
Prochaska Transtheoretical Model for Change
Realistic and Attainable Expectations of Change
Psychiatric Disability
People Who Are Seriously and Persistently Mentally Ill (SPMI)
Natural Life History of a Disorder
Stage of Susceptibility
Stage of Presymptomatic Disorder
Stage of Clinical Disorder
Stage of Disability
Community Support Programs for SPMI
Case Management
Support for Basic Needs
Residential Services
Medication Management
Outpatient Treatment
Crisis Stabilization
General Health Care
Vocational Programs
Day Programs
Family and Network Support
Advocacy
Psychiatric Rehabilitation
Psychiatric Rehabilitation Philosophy
Psychosocial Rehabilitation Centers/Clubhouses
Supported Employment
Social Skills Training
High-Risk SPMI Clients
Concurrent Substance-Related Disorders
Homeless and Mentally Ill
HIV
Frequent Readmissions and Relapse
Frequent Criminal Justice System Involvement
Steps to Recovery
Assessing Needs
Planning for Rehabilitation and Recovery
Spirituality
Voluntary Community Activities
Psychopharmacology and Recovery
Implementing the Rehabilitation and Recovery Plan
Evaluating the Rehabilitation and Recovery Plan
References
33 Complementary, Alternative, and Integrative Healing Practices
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
Critical Thinking Challenge
Rediscovering Cam
National Center for CAM
Consumers of CAM
Sociocultural Aspects
Nursing Role in Cam
Helping Clients Become Informed Health Consumers
Safety and Effectiveness
Practitioner Expertise
Quality and Costs of Service Delivery
Integrating CAM into a Treatment Plan
Selecting Appropriate Clients
Monitoring the Plan of Care
Deep-Breathing and Relaxation Techniques
Body Scanning to Assess Body Tension
Enhancing Relaxation With Music
Breathing Exercises
Awareness of Breathing
Deep Breathing
10-to-1 Count
Alternate-Nostril Breathing
Progressive Relaxation
Active Progressive Relaxation
Passive Progressive Relaxation
Visualization and Imagery
Visualization for Relaxation
Visualization for Guidance
Visualization for Symptom Control or Healing
Hypnotherapy and Self-Hypnosis
Meditation
Effects of Meditation
Steps in Meditating
Medical Meditation
Pressure Point Therapies
Acupuncture
Acupressure
Touch and Biofield Therapies
Massage
Chiropractic
Risks Associated With Chiropractic
Nurse-Developed Biofield Therapies
Herbals and Botanicals
Biofeedback
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing
References
34 Crisis Intervention
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
Critical Thinking Challenge
Crisis as a Turning Point
Common Characteristics of Crises
Resilience, Risk Factors, and Balancing Factors
Biopsychosocial Theories of Crisis
Tyhurst’s Stages of Disaster
Impact
Recoil
Posttrauma
Caplan’s Stages of a Crisis Reaction
Roberts’ Model of Crisis Intervention
Types of Crises
Situational Crisis
Maturational Crisis
Nursing Self-Awareness
Nursing Process Clients in Crisis
Assessment
Individual Assessment
Family Assessment
Sociocultural Assessment
Disaster Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis: NANDA
Outcome Identification: NOC
Planning and Implementation: NIC
Crisis Counseling
Telephone Counseling
Assisting With Environmental Changes
Anticipatory Guidance
Helping Develop Social Supports
Critical Incident Stress Management
Disaster Assistance
Evaluation
Case Management
Community-Based Care
Home Care
Vicarious Traumatization
References
35 Anger Management and Intervention in Psychiatric–Mental Health Settings
Learning Outcomes
Key Terms
Critical Thinking Challenge
An Open Letter to the Student
Nursing Self-Awareness
Biopsychosocial Theories
Biologic Factors
Genetic Theories
Psychosocial Theories
Behavioral Theories
Humanistic Theories
Nursing Process Clients Who Are Angry, Aggressive, or Violent
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis (NANDA)
Outcome Identification: NOC
Planning and Implementation: NIC
Therapeutic Relationship
Milieu Management
Staffing Patterns
Limit Setting
Pharmacologic Interventions
Educating Clients
De-Escalating Aggressive Behavior
Restrictive Measures: Verbal Interventions
Restrictive Measures: Seclusion and Restraint
Professional Education
Collegial Support
Evaluation
CASE MANAGEMENT
COMMUNITY-BASED CARE
HOME CARE
References
APPENDIX A DSM-IV-TR Classification
Disorders Usually First Diagnosed In Infancy, Childhood, Or Adolescence
Mental Retardation
Learning Disorders
Motor Skills Disorder
Communication Disorders
Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders
Feeding and Eating Disorders of Infancy or Early Childhood
Tic Disorders
Elimination Disorders
Other Disorders of Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence
Delirium, Dementia, And Amnestic And Other Cognitive Disorders
Delirium
Dementia
Amnestic Disorders
Other Cognitive Disorders
Mental Disorders due to a General Medical Condition not Elsewhere Classified
Substance-Related Disorders
Alcohol-Related Disorders
Alcohol Use Disorders
Alcohol-Induced Disorders
Amphetamine (or Amphetamine-Like)–Related Disorders
Amphetamine Use Disorders
Amphetamine-Induced Disorders
Caffeine-Related Disorders
Caffeine-Induced Disorders
Cannabis-Related Disorders
Cannabis Use Disorders
Cannabis-Induced Disorders
Cocaine-Related Disorders
Cocaine Use Disorders
Cocaine-Induced Disorders
Hallucinogen-Related Disorders
Hallucinogen Use Disorders
Hallucinogen-Induced Disorders
Inhalant-Related Disorders
Inhalant Use Disorders
Inhalant-Induced Disorders
Nicotine-Related Disorders
Nicotine Use Disorder
Nicotine-Induced Disorder
Opioid-Related Disorders
Opioid Use Disorders
Opioid-Induced Disorders
Phencyclidine (or Phencyclidine-Like)–Related Disorders
Phencyclidine Use Disorders
Phencyclidine-Induced Disorders
Sedative-, Hypnotic-, or Anxiolytic-Related Disorders
Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Use Disorders
Sedative-, Hypnotic-, or Anxiolytic-Induced Disorders
Polysubstance-Related Disorder
Other (or Unknown) Substance-Related Disorders
Other (or Unknown) Substance Use Disorders
Other (or Unknown) Substance-Induced Disorders
Polysubstance-Related Disorder
Other (or Unknown) Substance-Related Disorders
Other (or Unknown) Substance Use Disorders
Other (or Unknown) Substance-Induced Disorders
Schizophrenia and other Psychotic Disorders
Mood Disorders
Depressive Disorders
Bipolar Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
Somatoform Disorders
Factitious Disorders
Dissociative Disorders
Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders
Sexual Dysfunctions
Sexual Desire Disorders
Sexual Arousal Disorders
Orgasmic Disorders
Sexual Pain Disorders
Sexual Dysfunction Due to a General Medical Condition
Paraphilias
Gender Identity Disorders
Eating Disorders
Sleep Disorders
Primary Sleep Disorders
Dyssomnias
Parasomnias
Sleep Disorders Related to Another Mental Disorder
Other Sleep Disorders
Impulse-Control Disorders Not Elsewhere Classified
Adjustment Disorders
Personality Disorders
Other Conditions that may be a Focus of Clinical Attention
Psychological Factors Affecting Medical Condition
Medication-Induced Movement Disorders
Other Medication-Induced Disorder
Relational Problems
Problems Related to Abuse or Neglect
Additional Conditions That May Be a Focus of Clinical Attention
Additional Codes
Multiaxial System
Multiaxial Assessment
Axis I: Clinical Disorders—Other Conditions That May Be A Focus Of Clinical Attention
Axis II: Personality Disorders and Mental Retardation
Axis III: General Medical Conditions
Axis IV: Psychosocial and Environmental Problems
Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning
Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) Scale
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Brief Contents
Student Resources
Instructor Resorces–Redefined!

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