1. UNIT 1: Foundations for Drug Therapy in Nursing
2. 1: Nursing Management of Drug Therapy
3. Learning Objectives
4. Key Terms
5. FIGURE 1.1
6. Managing Drug Therapy Through The Nursing Process
7. FIGURE 1.2
8. Assessment
9. Assessment of Core Drug Knowledge
10. Assessment of Core Patient Variables
11. THE PATIENT INTERVIEW AND HISTORY
12. BOX 1.1: COMPONENTS OF THE PATIENT INTERVIEW
13. Health Status
14. Life Span and Gender
15. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
16. Environment
17. Culture and Inherited Traits
18. BOX 1.2: COMPONENTS OF A COMPLETE DRUG HISTORY
19. HEALTH STATUS
20. LIFE SPAN AND GENDER
21. LIFESTYLE, DIET, AND HABITS
22. ENVIRONMENT
23. CULTURE AND INHERITED TRAITS
24. The Physical Examination
25. The Medical Record
26. TABLE 1.1: General Test Values: Normal Ranges Laboratory*
27. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcome Identification
28. BOX 1.3: SELECTED NURSING DIAGNOSES PERTAINING TO DRUG EFFECTS
29. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: IDENTIFYING CORE PATIENT VARIABLES
30. Planning
31. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
32. Minimizing Adverse Effects
33. Intervention
34. Core Drug Knowledge
35. Core Patient Variables
36. HEALTH STATUS
37. LIFE SPAN AND GENDER
38. LIFESTYLE, DIET, AND HABITS
39. BOX 1.4: PATIENT EDUCATION GUIDELINES
40. ENVIRONMENT
41. BOX 1.5: SAFE AND EFFECTIVE HOME-BASED DRUG THERAPY
42. Patient and Family Assessment
43. Home Assessment
44. Tools Promoting Adherence and Safety
45. CULTURE AND INHERITED TRAITS
46. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
47. CLINICAL PATHWAYS
48. CHAPTER SUMMARY
49. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
50. NEED MORE HELP?
51. REFERENCES
52. 2: Pharmaceuticals: Development, Safeguards, and Delivery
53. Learning Objectives
54. Key Terms
55. SOURCES OF DRUGS
56. Plants
57. Animals
58. Synthetic Chemicals
59. Genetically Engineered Chemicals
60. DRUG NOMENCLATURE
61. FIGURE 2.1
62. Implications for Nurses
63. DRUG CLASSIFICATIONS (FAMILIES)
64. SOURCES OF DRUG INFORMATION
65. TABLE 2.1: Sources of Drug Information
66. SAFEGUARDS IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT, MANUFACTURE, AND DISTRIBUTION IN THE UNITED STATES
67. Standards for Drug Purity and Content
68. Legislation for Drug Safety and Efficacy
69. Pure Food and Drug Acts
70. Kefauver-Harris Amendment
71. Procedure for Drug Development and Approval
72. Clinical Trials
73. FIGURE 2.2
74. Phase I
75. Phase II
76. Phase III
77. Phase IV
78. MEDWATCH
79. PRACTITIONERS’ REPORTING NETWORK
80. FIGURE 2.3
81. The Approval Process
82. BOX 2.1: STREAMLINING THE DRUG APPROVAL PROCESS
83. Orphan Drugs
84. Treatment Investigational New Drugs (Compassionate Use Protocol)
85. Accelerated Development/Review
86. ParallelTrack
87. Legislation to Promote Truth in Advertising
88. Legislation Regarding Controlled Substances
89. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: CANDIDATE FOR A NEW DRUG
90. TABLE 2.2: Shedule of Controlled Substances
91. Nursing Management of Controlled Substances
92. Legislation Regarding Drug Distribution
93. Labeling
94. Online Pharmacies
95. Nongovernmental Institutional Controls
96. EFFECT OF LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL CONTROLS ON NURSING MANAGEMENT OF DRUG THERAPY
97. PATIENT EDUCATION AS A SAFEGUARD IN DRUG THERAPY
98. BOX 2.2: STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCING PATIENT EDUCATION
99. Patient Learning Needs
100. BOX 2.3: ASSESSMENT: ANOTHER SAFEGUARD
101. Teaching Focus and Content
102. Evaluating and Documenting Educational Outcomes
103. Consumer Drug Information on the Internet
104. IMPORTANCE OF NURSING MANAGEMENT OF DRUG THERAPY
105. CHAPTER SUMMARY
106. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
107. NEED MORE HELP?
108. REFERENCES
109. 3: Drug Administration
110. Learning Objectives
111. Key Terms
112. DRUG ADMINISTRATION ROUTES: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
113. ENTERAL ROUTE AND FORMS
114. Oral Drug Forms
115. Tablets
116. Sublingual and Buccal Tablets
117. Troches
118. Capsules
119. Syrups
120. Elixirs
121. Emulsions and Suspensions
122. Nasogastric or Gastrostomy Tube Forms
123. Nursing Management in Enteral Drug Administration
124. Core Drug Knowledge
125. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
126. Health Status
127. Life Span and Gender
128. Environment
129. Planning and Intervention
130. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
131. Minimizing Adverse Effects
132. BOX 3.1: FIVE RIGHTS OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION
133. TABLE 3.1: Abbreviations Related to Medication Administration
134. TABLE 3.2: The Joint Commission Official “Do Not Use” List 2005
135. TABLE 3.3: Measurement Equivalents
136. PARENTERAL ROUTE
137. Intramuscular Administration
138. FIGURE 3.1
139. Subcutaneous Administration
140. FIGURE 3.2
141. Intravenous Administration
142. Peripheral Drug Delivery
143. Central Access
144. Other Parenteral Delivery Routes
145. Nursing Management in Parenteral Drug Administration
146. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
147. Health Status
148. Life Span and Gender
149. Lifestyle, Diet and Habits
150. Environment
151. Planning and Intervention
152. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
153. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: CHOOSING THE RIGHT DRUG ADMINISTRATION SITE
154. Minimizing Adverse Effects
155. TOPICAL ROUTE AND FORMS
156. Nursing Management in Topical Drug Administration
157. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
158. Planning and Intervention
159. CHAPTER SUMMARY
160. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
161. NEED MORE HELP?
162. REFERENCES
163. UNIT 2: Core Drug Knowledge
164. 4: Pharmacotherapeutics, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics
165. Learning Objectives
166. Key Terms
167. PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS
168. PHARMACOKINETICS
169. Absorption
170. BOX 4.1: DRUG ABSORPTION AND CORE PATIENT VARIABLES
171. Health Status
172. Life Span and Gender
173. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
174. Distribution
175. Protein Binding
176. FIGURE 4.1
177. FIGURE 4.2
178. FIGURE 4.3
179. Blood–Brain Barrier
180. Placental Membrane
181. BOX 4.2: DRUG DISTRIBUTION AND CORE PATIENT VARIABLES
182. Health Status
183. Life Span and Gender
184. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
185. Metabolism
186. BOX 4.3: DRUG METABOLISM AND CORE PATIENT A VARIABLES
187. Life Span and Gender
188. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
189. Environment
190. Metabolites
191. Rates of Metabolism and the First-Pass Effect
192. TABLE 4.1: Effect of the Liver on Drug Metabolism
193. P-450 System
194. FIGURE 4.4
195. Excretion
196. BOX 4.4: DRUG EXCRETION AND CORE PATIENT VARIABLES
197. Health Status
198. Life Span and Gender
199. Processes Involved in Renal Excretion
200. FIGURE 4.5
201. Factors That Affect Renal Excretion
202. Factors That Affect Biliary Excretion
203. Other Pharmacokinetic Concepts
204. Half-Life
205. Steady State
206. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: HALF-LIFE AND DRUG DOSING
207. FIGURE 4.6
208. Clearance
209. PHARMACODYNAMICS
210. BOX 4.5: PHARMACODYNAMICS: EXAMPLES OF AGE-RELATED CHANGES
211. Drug-Receptor Interactions
212. Single Occupancy Theory
213. Modified Occupancy Theory
214. Changes in Receptor Sensitivity
215. Nonreceptor Responses
216. VARIABLES THAT INFLUENCE THE DOSE OF A DRUG
217. Potency and Efficacy
218. FIGURE 4.7
219. ED50 Maintenance, and Loading Doses
220. Therapeutic Index
221. DRUG DOSAGE AND BLOOD CONCENTRATION
222. CHAPTER SUMMARY
223. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
224. NEED MORE HELP?
225. REFERENCES
226. 5: Adverse Effects and Drug Interactions
227. Learning Objectives
228. Key Terms
229. ADVERSE EFFECTS
230. BOX 5.1: BLACK BOX WARNINGS
231. What Exactly is a Black Box Warning?
232. Does a Black Box Warning MeanThat the Drug is Too Dangerous to Use?
233. BOX 5.2: WHAT IS AN FDA MEDICATION GUIDE?
234. Allergic Responses
235. Idiosyncratic Responses
236. Toxicities
237. DRUG INTERACTIONS
238. FIGURE 5.1
239. Drug Interactions Affecting Pharmacokinetics
240. Drug Interactions Affecting Absorption
241. Drug Interactions Affecting Distribution
242. Drug Interactions Affecting Metabolism
243. FIGURE 5.2
244. BOX 5.3: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
245. Genetic Variation and Warfarin Dosing
246. The Study
247. Nursing Implications
248. Drug Interactions Affecting Excretion
249. Drug Interactions Affecting Pharmacodynamics
250. Additive Effect
251. Synergistic Effect
252. Potentiated Effect
253. Antagonistic Effect
254. DRUG INCOMPATIBILITIES
255. Chemical Incompatibilities
256. Physical Incompatibilities
257. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT
258. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Drug Therapy
259. Assessment of Core Patient Variables
260. Health Status
261. Life Span and Gender
262. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
263. Environment
264. Culture and Inherited Traits
265. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
266. Planning and Intervention
267. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
268. Minimizing Adverse Effects
269. Providing Patient and Family Education
270. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: SUSPECTED ADVERSE EFFECTS
271. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
272. CHAPTER SUMMARY
273. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
274. NEED MORE HELP?
275. REFERENCES
276. UNIT 3: Core Patient Variables
277. 6: Life Span: Children
278. Learning Objectives
279. Key Terms
280. Nursing Management of the Pediatric Patient
281. Core Drug Knowledge Related to Children
282. Pharmacotherapeutics
283. BOX 6.1: CALCULATING PEDIATRIC DRUG DOSAGES
284. Body Surface Area Method
285. Body Weight Method
286. FIGURE 6.1
287. Pharmacodynamics
288. Pharmacokinetics
289. ABSORPTION
290. DISTRIBUTION
291. TABLE 6.1: Propotional Water Content Across the Life Span
292. METABOLISM
293. EXCRETION
294. Contraindications and Precautions
295. Adverse Effects and Drug Interactions
296. Assessment of Core Patient Variables Related to Children
297. Health Status
298. Life Span
299. BOX 6.2: SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS FOR PEDIATRIC DRUG ROUTES
300. Oral Route
301. Intramuscular Route
302. Intravenous Route
303. INFANTS (BIRTH TO 12 MONTHS)
304. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: CALLING ON CORE DRUG KNOWLEDGE FOR CHILDREN
305. FIGURE 6.2
306. TODDLERS (13 MONTHS TO 3 YEARS)
307. PRESCHOOLERS (3 TO 5 YEARS)
308. SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN (6 TO 12 YEARS)
309. ADOLESCENTS (13 TO 16 YEARS)
310. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
311. Environment
312. Culture and Inherited Traits
313. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
314. Planning and Intervention
315. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
316. ORAL DRUG THERAPY
317. PARENTERAL DRUG THERAPY
318. RECTAL DRUG THERAPY
319. Minimizing Adverse Effects
320. PREVENTING MEDICATION ERRORS
321. BOX 6.3: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
322. Standardization and Technology Decrease Medication Errors
323. The Study
324. Nursing Implications
325. REDUCING PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS AND ANXIETY
326. Providing Patient and Family Education
327. BOX 6.4: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
328. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
329. CHAPTER SUMMARY
330. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
331. NEED MORE HELP?
332. REFERENCES
333. 7: Life Span: Pregnant or Breast-Feeding Women
334. Learning Objectives
335. Key Terms
336. Nursing Management of the Pregnant or Breast-Feeding Patient
337. Core Drug Knowledge
338. Pharmacotherapeutics
339. Pharmacokinetics
340. ABSORPTION
341. DISTRIBUTION AND METABOLISM
342. EXCRETION
343. Pharmacodynamics
344. Contraindications and Precautions
345. BOX 7.1: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
346. Smallpox Vaccine
347. TABLE 7.1: Examples of Drugs or Drug Classes Known or Highly Suspected to Be Teratogenic
348. PREGNANCY CATEGORIES
349. BOX 7.2: FDA PREGNANCY CATEGORIES
350. LACTATION CATEGORIES
351. TABLE 7.2: Drugs for Which the Effect on Nursing Infants is Unknown but May Be of Concern
352. TABLE 7.3: Drugs That Have Been Associated with Significant Effects in Some Nursing Infants and Should Be Given to Nursing Mothers with Caution
353. Adverse Effects
354. BOX 7.3: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
355. Pregnancy and Prescribed Teratogenics
356. The Study
357. Nursing Implications
358. TABLE 7.4: Selected Nonteratogenic or Minimally Teretogenic Drugs with Adverse Fetal Effects or Breast Feeding Effects
359. Drug Interactions
360. Assessment of Core Patient Variables Relevant to Pregnancy and Breast-Feeding
361. Health Status
362. Life Span and Gender
363. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
364. Environment
365. Culture and Inherited Traits
366. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
367. Planning and Intervention
368. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
369. Minimizing Adverse Effects
370. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: ENSURING DRUG SAFETY DURING LACTATION
371. Providing Patient and Family Education
372. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
373. CHAPTER SUMMARY
374. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
375. NEED MORE HELP?
376. REFERENCES
377. 8: Life Span: Older Adults
378. Learning Objectives
379. Key Terms
380. Nursing Management of Older Adults
381. Core Drug Knowledge
382. Pharmacotherapeutics
383. Pharmacokinetics
384. BOX 8.1: PHARMACOKINETIC CHANGES IN OLDER ADULTS
385. Physiologic Changes Related to Normal Aging
386. Absorption
387. Distribution
388. Metabolism
389. Excretion
390. ABSORPTION
391. DISTRIBUTION
392. METABOLISM
393. EXCRETION
394. TABLE 8.1: Age-Related Differences in Creatinine in Men
395. Pharmacodynamics
396. Contraindications and Precautions
397. Adverse Effects
398. BOX 8.2: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
399. Inappropriate Drugs in Older Adults and Cognitive Decline
400. The Study
401. Nursing Implications
402. Drug Interactions
403. TABLE 8.2: 2012 American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults
404. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables Related to Older Adults
405. Health Status
406. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: THINKING ABOUT AGE-RELATED CORE PATIENT VARIABLES
407. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
408. Environment
409. Culture and Inherited Traits
410. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
411. Planning and Intervention
412. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
413. Minimizing Adverse Effects
414. BOX 8.3: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
415. Identification and Management of Polypharmacy Problems
416. Providing Patient and Family Education
417. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
418. CHAPTER SUMMARY
419. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
420. NEED MORE HELP?
421. REFERENCES
422. 9: Lifestyle: Substance Abuse
423. Learning Objectives
424. Key Terms
425. BOX 9.1: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
426. How Many Substance Abusers?
427. CAUSES OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE
428. Dopamine Hypothesis
429. BOX 9.2: WHO’S AT RISK FOR SUBSTANCE ABUSE?
430. Physiology
431. Tolerance
432. Physical Dependence
433. Psychological Dependence
434. Genetics
435. Development and Environment
436. Personality Traits
437. Mood Disorders
438. Availability of Drugs and Drug Diversion
439. Socioeconomic Circumstances
440. SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
441. FIGURE 9.1
442. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: CONSIDERING SUBSTANCE ABUSE AMONG PROFESSIONALS
443. Central Nervous System Stimulants
444. Central Nervous System Depressants
445. TABLE 9.1: Clinical Findings in Alcohol Withdrawal
446. Opioids
447. Tranquilizers
448. Hallucinogens
449. Inhalants
450. BOX 9.3: COMMONLY ABUSED COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS
451. Designer Drugs
452. Anabolic Androgenic Steroids
453. Nursing Management In Commonly Abused Drugs
454. Core Drug Knowledge in Alcohol Abuse
455. Pharmacokinetics
456. Pharmacodynamics
457. BOX 9.4: HEALTH PROBLEMS RELATED TO ALCOHOL ABUSE
458. Adverse Effects
459. TABLE 9.2: Blood Alcohol Levels and Stages of Intoxication
460. Drug Interactions
461. TABLE 9.3: Agents That Interact with Alcohol
462. Core Drug Knowledge in Cocaine Abuse
463. Pharmacokinetics
464. Pharmacodynamics
465. Adverse Effects
466. Core Drug Knowledge in Opioid Abuse
467. Pharmacokinetics
468. Pharmacodynamics
469. Adverse Effects
470. Core Drug Knowledge in Marijuana Abuse
471. Pharmacotherapeutics
472. Pharmacokinetics
473. Pharmacodynamics
474. Adverse Effects
475. Core Drug Knowledge in Hallucinogen Abuse
476. Pharmacokinetics
477. Pharmacodynamics
478. Adverse Effects
479. Core Drug Knowledge in Inhalant Abuse
480. Pharmacokinetics
481. Pharmacodynamics
482. Adverse Effects
483. Assessment of Core Patient Variables in Substance Abuse
484. Health Status
485. TABLE 9.4: Charcteristics of Selected Drugs of Abuse
486. TABLE 9.5: Selected Drugs Street Names
487. Life Span and Gender
488. EFFECTS IN PREGNANCY
489. EFFECTS IN INFANCY
490. EFFECTS IN CHILDHOOD
491. EFFECTS IN ADOLESCENCE
492. EFFECTS IN OLDER ADULTS
493. Environment
494. Culture and Inherited Traits
495. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
496. Planning and Intervention
497. Maximizing Recovery
498. Minimizing Relapse
499. BOX 9.5: NURSING MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN ALCOHOLISM
500. Acute Alcohol Intoxication
501. Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome
502. Chronic Alcoholism
503. BOX 9.6: TREATING HEROIN ADDICTION
504. Methadone (Dolophine, Methadose)
505. Clonidine (Catapres)
506. Naltrexone (ReVia)
507. Buprenorphine (Buprenex, Suboxone, Subutex)
508. Psychiatric Treatment and Support Programs
509. BOX 9.7: INTERVENING ON A “BAD TRIP”
510. LSD
511. Ketamine (or PCP)
512. Providing Patient and Family Education
513. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
514. CHAPTER SUMMARY
515. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
516. NEED MORE HELP?
517. REFERENCES
518. 10: Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits: Nutrition and Complementary Medications
519. Learning Objectives
520. Key Terms
521. DIETARY FACTORS AFFECTING DRUG EFFICACY
522. BOX 10.1: PHARMACOKINETIC AND NUTRIENTA INTERACTIONS
523. Absorption
524. Distribution
525. Metabolism
526. Excretion
527. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: MALNUTRITION AND DRUG ACTION
528. DRUG THERAPY AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS
529. COMPLEMENTARY NUTRITIONAL THERAPIES
530. Nutritional Supplements
531. Protein
532. Carbohydrates
533. Fat
534. Dietary Fiber
535. Recommended Intake of Vitamin and Minerals
536. Vitamins
537. Minerals
538. Major Mineral Cations
539. Trace Elements
540. Herbal and Botanical Preparations
541. TABLE 10.1: Herbal and Botanical Preparations and Potential Adverse Effects
542. TABLE 10.2: Selected Herbs and Possible Drug Interactions
543. Nursing Management of the Patient With Dietary Considerations
544. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
545. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
546. Planning and Intervention
547. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects and Minimizing Adverse Effects
548. Providing Patient and Family Education
549. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
550. CHAPTER SUMMARY
551. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
552. NEED MORE HELP?
553. REFERENCES
554. 11: Environment: Influences on Drug Therapy
555. Learning Objectives
556. Key Terms
557. FIGURE 11.1
558. PHYSICAL SETTINGS FOR DRUG THERAPY
559. Acute Care Hospitals
560. Acute Rehabilitative Units
561. Transitional Care Units
562. Outpatient Units
563. Long-Term Care Facilities
564. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: KEEPING THE PATIENT SAFE
565. Home Environment
566. MEDICATION RECONCILIATION
567. ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON DRUG STABILITY AND EFFECTS
568. ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON ADVERSE EFFECTS AND INJURY
569. THE NURSE’S ROLE
570. Nursing Management of the Patient with Environmental Considerations
571. Assessment
572. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
573. Planning and Intervention
574. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
575. CHAPTER SUMMARY
576. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
577. NEED MORE HELP?
578. REFERENCES
579. 12: Culture: Considerations in Drug Therapy
580. Learning Objectives
581. Key Terms
582. WORLD VIEW
583. Biomedical Health Beliefs
584. Magicoreligious Health Beliefs
585. Holistic Health Beliefs
586. EFFECT OF CULTURAL DIVERSITY ON HEALTH CARE
587. Purnell’s Model for Cultural Competence
588. Pharmacogenetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Drug Therapy
589. FIGURE 12.1
590. BOX 12.1: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
591. Cost Effectiveness of Warfarin Genotyping
592. The Study
593. Nursing Implications
594. Cultural Differences Among Major Ethnic Groups
595. White Americans
596. Black Americans
597. Asian and Pacific Islander Americans
598. Hispanic Americans
599. Native Americans and Alaska Natives
600. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: DIVERSITY, DRUG THERAPY, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR TEACHING
601. Nursing Management of Culturally Diverse Groups
602. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
603. BOX 12.2: NURSING DIAGNOSES AND OUTCOMES RELATED TO DRUG THERAPY, CULTURAL DIVERSITY, AND INHERITED TRAITS
604. Impaired Verbal Communication Related to English as a Second Language
605. Ineffective Health Maintenance Related to Cultural Beliefs
606. Ineffective Coping or Disabled Family Coping Related to Lack of Understanding
607. Spiritual Distress Related to Conflicting Cultures
608. Planning and Intervention
609. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
610. Minimizing Adverse Effects
611. Providing Patient and Family Education
612. BOX 12.3: COMMUNICATING WITH PATIENTS WHO SPEAK ANOTHER LANGUAGE
613. Use an interpreter (preferably) or a translator.
614. If an interpreter or translator is not available:
615. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
616. CHAPTER SUMMARY
617. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
618. NEED MORE HELP?
619. REFERENCES
620. UNIT 4: Peripheral Nervous System Drugs
621. 13: Drugs Affecting Adrenergic Function
622. Learning Objectives
623. Key Terms
624. Drugs Affecting Adrenergic Function
625. PHYSIOLOGY
626. Function of the Autonomic Nervous System
627. FIGURE 13.1
628. FIGURE 13.2
629. FIGURE 13.3
630. Neurotransmitters
631. Acetylcholine
632. FIGURE 13.4
633. Norepinephrine
634. Epinephrine
635. Dopamine
636. Adrenergic Receptors
637. TABLE 13.1: Adrenergic Receptor Subtypes’ Location and Action
638. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
639. Pharmacological Effects on the SNS
640. TABLE 13.2: Sympathetic Nervous System Terminology Synonyms
641. ADRENERGIC AGONISTS
642. Nonselective Adrenergic Agonists
643. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Epinephrine
644. Core Drug Knowledge
645. Pharmacotherapeutics
646. TABLE 13.3: Summary of Selected Adrenergic Agonists
647. Pharmacokinetics
648. Pharmacodynamics
649. Contraindications and Precautions
650. Adverse Effects
651. Drug Interactions
652. TABLE 13.4: Agents That Interact with Epinephrine
653. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
654. Health Status
655. BOX 13.1: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
656. Teaching for Patients Prescribed Self-Injectable Epinephrine
657. Life Span and Gender
658. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
659. Environment
660. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
661. Planning and Intervention
662. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
663. Minimizing Adverse Effects
664. Providing Patient and Family Education
665. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
666. Drugs Closely Related to Epinephrine
667. Drugs Significantly Different From Epinephrine
668. Ephedrine
669. MEMORY CHIP : Epinephrine
670. Vdsopressin
671. Alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonists
672. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Phenylephrine
673. Core Drug Knowledge
674. Pharmacotherapeutics
675. Pharmacokinetics
676. Pharmacodynamics
677. Contraindications and Precautions
678. Adverse Effects
679. Drug Interactions
680. TABLE 13.5: Agents That Interact with Phenylephrine
681. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
682. Health Status
683. Life Span and Gender
684. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
685. Environment
686. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
687. Planning and Intervention
688. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
689. Minimizing Adverse Effects
690. Providing Patient and Family Education
691. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
692. Drug Closely Related to Phenylephrine
693. MEMORY CHIP : Phenylephrine
694. Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists
695. Clonidine
696. Beta-Adrenergic Agonists
697. Beta-1 Agonists
698. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Dopamine
699. Core Drug Knowledge
700. Pharmacotherapeutics
701. Pharmacokinetics
702. Pharmacodynamics
703. Contraindications and Precautions
704. Adverse Effects
705. Drug Interactions
706. TABLE 13.6: Agents That Interact with Dopamine
707. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
708. Health Status
709. Life Span and Gender
710. Environment
711. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
712. Planning and Intervention
713. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
714. Minimizing Adverse Effects
715. Providing Patient and Family Education
716. MEMORY CHIP : Dopamine
717. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
718. Drugs Closely Related to Dopamine
719. Dobutamine
720. Isoproterenol
721. Mephentermine
722. Metaraminol
723. Drugs Significantly Different From Dopamine
724. Midodrine
725. Beta-2 Agonists
726. DOPAMINERGIC AGONISTS
727. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Fenoldopam
728. Core Drug Knowledge
729. Pharmacotherapeutics
730. Pharmacokinetics
731. Pharmacodynamics
732. Contraindications and Precautions
733. Adverse Effects
734. Drug Interactions
735. TABLE 13.7: Agents That Interact with Fenoldopam
736. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
737. Health Status
738. Life Span and Gender
739. Environment
740. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
741. Planning and Intervention
742. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
743. Minimizing Adverse Effects
744. Providing Patient and Family Education
745. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
746. Drugs Significantly Different from Fenoldopam
747. Carbidopa-levodopa
748. MEMORY CHIP : Fenoldopam
749. ADRENERGIC ANTAGONISTS
750. Alpha-Adrenergic Antagonists
751. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Prazosin
752. Core Drug Knowledge
753. Pharmacotherapeutics
754. Pharmacokinetics
755. TABLE 13.8: Summary of Selected Adrenergic Antagonists
756. Pharmacodynamics
757. Contraindications and Precautions
758. Adverse Effects
759. Drug Interactions
760. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
761. Health Status
762. Life Span and Gender
763. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
764. Environment
765. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
766. Planning and Intervention
767. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
768. Minimizing Adverse Effects
769. Providing Patient and Family Education
770. MEMORY CHIP : Prazosin
771. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
772. Drugs Closely Related to Prazosin
773. Drugs Significantly Different From Prazosin
774. Phentolamine
775. Phenoxybenzamine
776. Beta-Adrenergic Antagonists
777. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Metoprolol
778. Core Drug Knowledge
779. Pharmacotherapeutics
780. Pharmacokinetics
781. Pharmacodynamics
782. Contraindications and Precautions
783. Adverse Effects
784. Drug Interactions
785. TABLE 13.9: Agents That Interact with Metoprolol
786. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
787. Health Status
788. Life Span and Gender
789. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
790. Environment
791. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
792. Planning and Intervention
793. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
794. Minimizing Adverse Effects
795. Providing Patient and Family Education
796. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
797. Drugs Closely Related to Metoprolol
798. MEMORY CHIP : Metoprolol
799. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT BETA-BLOCKER THERAPY
800. Drugs Significantly Different From Metoprolol
801. Carvedilol
802. Labetalol
803. Sotalol
804. CHAPTER SUMMARY
805. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
806. NEED MORE HELP?
807. REFERENCES
808. 14: Drugs Affecting Cholinergic Function
809. Learning Objectives
810. Key Terms
811. Drugs Affecting Cholinergic Function
812. PHYSIOLOGY
813. Function of the Autonomic Nervous System
814. Cholinergic Neurotransmitters
815. FIGURE 14.1
816. Cholinergic Receptors
817. TABLE 14.1: Cholinergic Receptor Subtypes’ Location and Action
818. Nicotinic Receptors
819. Muscarinic Receptors
820. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
821. Pharmacological Effects on the PSNS
822. TABLE 14.2: Parasympathetic Nervous System Terminology Synonyms
823. CHOLINERGIC AGONISTS
824. TABLE 14.3: Summary of Selected Cholinergic Agonists
825. Direct-Acting Muscarinic Agonists
826. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Pilocarpine
827. Core Drug Knowledge
828. Pharmacotherapeutics
829. Pharmacokinetics
830. Pharmacodynamics
831. Contraindications and Precautions
832. Adverse Effects
833. Drug Interactions
834. TABLE 14.4: Agents That Interact with Pilocarpine
835. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
836. Health Status
837. Life Span and Gender
838. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
839. Environment
840. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
841. Planning and Intervention
842. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
843. Minimizing Adverse Effects
844. Providing Patient and Family Education
845. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
846. Drug Closely Related to Pilocarpine
847. Drugs Significantly Different From Pilocarpine
848. Acetylcholine
849. MEMORY CHIP : Pilocarpine
850. Bethanechol
851. Cevimeline
852. Methacholine
853. Direct-Acting Nicotinic Agonists
854. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Nicotine
855. Core Drug Knowledge
856. Pharmacotherapeutics
857. Pharmacokinetics
858. Pharmacodynamics
859. Contraindications and Precautions
860. Adverse Effects
861. Drug Interactions
862. TABLE 14.5: Agents That Interact with Nicotine
863. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
864. Health Status
865. Life Span and Gender
866. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
867. Environment
868. Culture and Inherited Traits
869. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
870. Planning and Intervention
871. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
872. Minimizing Adverse Effects
873. BOX 14.1: FOCUS ON RESEASRCH
874. The Study
875. Nursing Implications
876. Providing Patient and Family Education
877. COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
878. How to Help Your Patient to Quit Smoking
879. ASSESSMENT
880. SET MUTUAL GOALS
881. INTERVENTIONS
882. EVALUATION
883. References
884. MEMORY CHIP : Nicotine
885. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
886. Drugs Significantly Different From Nicotine
887. Bupropion
888. Clonidine
889. Rimonabant
890. Varenicline
891. Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists
892. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Neostigmine
893. Core Drug Knowledge
894. Pharmacotherapeutics
895. TABLE 14.6: That Interact with Neostigmine
896. Pharmacokinetics
897. Pharmacodynamics
898. Contraindications and Precautions
899. Adverse Effects
900. Drug Interactions
901. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
902. Health Status
903. Life Span and Gender
904. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
905. Environment
906. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
907. Planning and Intervention
908. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
909. Minimizing Adverse Effects
910. Providing Patient and Family Education
911. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: NEOSTIGMINE THERAPY
912. MEMORY CHIP : Neostigmine
913. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
914. Drugs Significantly Different From Neostigmine
915. Demecarium
916. Physostigmine
917. Drugs for Myasthenia Gravis
918. Drugs for Cognition
919. Irreversible Cholinesterase Inhibitors
920. CHOLINERGIC ANTAGONISTS
921. Antinicotinic Ganglionic Blockers
922. Antinicotinic Neuromuscular Blockers
923. Antimuscarinic/Anticholinergic Drugs
924. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Atropine
925. Core Drug Knowledge
926. Pharmacotherapeutics
927. Pharmacokinetics
928. TABLE 14.7: Summary of Selected Cholinergic Antagonists
929. Pharmacodynamics
930. Contraindications and Precautions
931. Adverse Effects
932. Drug Interactions
933. TABLE 14.8: Agents That Interact with Atropine
934. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
935. Health Status
936. Life Span and Gender
937. Environment
938. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
939. Planning and Intervention
940. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
941. Minimizing Adverse Effects
942. Providing Patient and Family Education
943. MEMORY CHIP : Atropine
944. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
945. Drugs Significantly Different From Atropine Hyoscyamine
946. Scopolamine
947. Antiparkinson Agents
948. Antisecretory Anticholinergics
949. Inhaled Agents
950. Urinary Relaxants
951. CHAPTER SUMMARY
952. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
953. NEED MORE HELP?
954. REFERENCES
955. UNIT 5: Central Nervous System Drugs
956. 15: Drugs Relieving Anxiety and Promoting Sleep
957. Learning Objectives
958. Key Terms
959. Drugs Relieving Anxiety and Promoting Sleep
960. PHYSIOLOGY
961. Emotions and Neurotransmitters
962. FIGURE 15.1
963. Sleep
964. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
965. Anxiety
966. Sleep Disorders
967. DRUGS TO RELIEVE ANXIETY
968. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
969. Tricyclic Antidepressants
970. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
971. Beta Blockers
972. Benzodiazepines
973. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Lorazepam
974. Core Drug Knowledge
975. Pharmacotherapeutics
976. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: LORAZEPAM AND ANXIETY
977. Pharmacoklnetlcs
978. TABLE 15.1: Summary of Selected Benzodiazepines
979. Pharmacodynamics
980. Contraindications and Precautions
981. Adverse Effects
982. Drug Interactions
983. TABLE 15.2: Agents That Interact with Lorazepam
984. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
985. Health Status
986. Life Span and Gender
987. Lifestyle, Diet and Habits
988. Environment
989. Culture and Inherited Traits
990. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
991. MEMORY CHIP : Lorazepam
992. Planning and Intervention
993. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
994. Minimizing Adverse Effects
995. BOX 15.1: FOCUS ON RESEASRCH
996. Cost-Effectiveness of Benzodiazepine Tapering Methods
997. The Study
998. Nursing Implications
999. Providing Patient and Family Education
1000. BOX 15.2: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
1001. Teaching for Patients Prescribed Home Benzodiazepine Therapy
1002. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
1003. Nonbenzodiazepines
1004. Buspirone
1005. Hydroxyzine
1006. Meprobamate
1007. DRUGS TO PROMOTE SLEEP
1008. Benzodiazepines
1009. TABLE 15.3: Labeled Therapeutic Indications and Half-Lives of Benzodiazepines
1010. Nonbenzodiazepines
1011. Eszopiclone
1012. Zaleplon
1013. Zolpidem
1014. Melatonin Receptor Agonist
1015. Ramelteon
1016. Drugs From Other Classes
1017. Trazodone
1018. Chloral Hydrate
1019. Barbiturates
1020. CHAPTER SUMMARY
1021. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
1022. NEED MORE HELP?
1023. REFERENCES
1024. 16: Drugs Treating Mood Disorders
1025. Learning Objectives
1026. Key Terms
1027. Drugs Treating Mood Disorders
1028. PHYSIOLOGY
1029. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
1030. Major Depressive Disorder
1031. BOX 16.1: DRUG CLASSES ASSOCIATED WITH DEPRESSION
1032. Dysthymic Disorder
1033. Bipolar Disorder
1034. ANTIDEPRESSANTS
1035. TABLE 16.1: Summary of Selected Drugs for Treating Mood Disorders
1036. TABLE 16.2: Adverse Effects of Selected Antidepressant Drugs
1037. TABLE 16.3: Management of Adverse Effects of Antidepressants
1038. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
1039. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Sertraline
1040. Core Drug Knowledge
1041. Pharmacotherapeutics
1042. Pharmacokinetics
1043. Pharmacodynamics
1044. Contraindications and Precautions
1045. BOX 16.2: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
1046. SUICIDALITY AND ANTIDEPRESSANT MEDICATION
1047. Adverse Effects
1048. Drug Interactions
1049. TABLE 16.4: Agents that Interact with Sertraline
1050. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
1051. Health Status
1052. Life Span and Gender
1053. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
1054. Culture and Inherited Traits
1055. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
1056. Planning and Intervention
1057. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
1058. Minimizing Adverse Effects
1059. Providing Patient and Family Education
1060. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
1061. MEMORY CHIP : Sertraline
1062. Drugs Closely Related to Sertraline
1063. Drugs Significantly Different From Sertraline
1064. Bupropion
1065. Trazodone
1066. Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
1067. Venlafaxine
1068. Duloxetine
1069. Desvenlafaxine
1070. Milnacipran
1071. Treatment Challenges
1072. Tricyclic Antidepressants
1073. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Nortriptyline
1074. Core Drug Knowledge
1075. Pharmacotherapeutics
1076. Pharmacokinetics
1077. Pharmacodynamics
1078. Contraindications and Precautions
1079. Adverse Effects
1080. BOX 16.3: EMERGENCY MEASURES FOR TCA OVERDOSE
1081. Drug Interactions
1082. TABLE 16.5: Agents that Interact with Nortriptyline
1083. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
1084. Health Status
1085. Life Span and Gender
1086. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
1087. Culture and Inherited Traits
1088. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
1089. Planning and Intervention
1090. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
1091. Minimizing Adverse Effects
1092. Providing Patient and Family Education
1093. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
1094. MEMORY CHIP : Nortriptyline
1095. BOX 16.4: FOCUS ON RESEASRCH
1096. Recovery from Major Depression in the Older Adult.
1097. Nursing implications
1098. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
1099. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Phenelzine
1100. Core Drug Knowledge
1101. Pharmacotherapeutlcs
1102. Pharmacokinetics
1103. Pharmacodynamics
1104. Contraindications and Precautions
1105. Adverse Effects
1106. Drug Interactions
1107. TABLE 16.6: Agents That Interact with Phenelzine
1108. TABLE 16.7: Tyramine Dietary Modifications and MAOIs
1109. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
1110. Health Status
1111. Life Span and Gender
1112. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
1113. Environment
1114. Culture and Inherited Traits
1115. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
1116. Planning and Intervention
1117. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
1118. Minimizing Adverse Effects
1119. Providing Patient and Family Education
1120. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
1121. MEMORY CHIP : Phenelzine
1122. Drugs Closely Related to Phenelzine
1123. Isocarboxazid and Tranylcypromine
1124. Selegiline Transdermal
1125. MOOD STABILIZERS
1126. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Lithium
1127. Core Drug Knowledge
1128. Pharmacotherapeutics
1129. Pharmacokinetics
1130. Pharmacodynamics
1131. Contraindications and Precautions
1132. Adverse Effects
1133. Drug Interactions
1134. TABLE 16.8: Agents That Interact with Lithium Carbonate
1135. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
1136. Health Status
1137. Life Span and Gender
1138. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
1139. Environment
1140. Culture and Inherited Traits
1141. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
1142. Planning and Intervention
1143. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
1144. Minimizing Adverse Effects
1145. Providing Patient and Family Education
1146. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
1147. MEMORY CHIP : Lithium Carbonate
1148. Drugs Significantly Different From Lithium
1149. Antiepileptics
1150. Carbamazepine
1151. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: BUG OR DRUG?
1152. Valproates
1153. Lamotrigine
1154. Antipsychotics
1155. CHAPTER SUMMARY
1156. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
1157. NEED MORE HELP?
1158. REFERENCES
1159. 17: Drugs Treating Psychotic Disorders and Dementia
1160. Learning Objectives
1161. Key Terms
1162. Drugs Treating Psychotic Disorders and Dementia
1163. BOX 17.1: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
1164. NEUROCOGNITIVE DEFICITS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA
1165. The Study
1166. Nursing implications
1167. TABLE 17.1: Summary of Selected Antipsychotics
1168. PHYSIOLOGY
1169. PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS
1170. Schizophrenia
1171. BOX 17.2: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
1172. Easing Fears About Mental Illness
1173. Other Psychotic Disorders
1174. COGNITIVE DISORDERS
1175. Dementia
1176. Alzheimer Disease
1177. Vascular Dementia
1178. Other Dementias
1179. BOX 17.3: RISK FACTORS AND POSSIBLE CAUSES OF DEMENTIA
1180. Irreversible Risk Factors/Causes
1181. Potentially Reversible Risk Factors/Causes
1182. Delirium
1183. ANTIPSYCHOTICS
1184. Typical Antipsychotics
1185. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Haloperidol
1186. Core Drug Knowledge
1187. Pharmacotherapeutics
1188. Pharmacokinetics
1189. Pharmacodynamics
1190. Contraindications and Precautions
1191. Adverse Effects
1192. BOX 17.4: PRISK FACTORS FOR TARDIVE DYSKINESIA (TD)
1193. Drug Interactions
1194. TABLE 17.2: Agents That Interact with Haloperidol
1195. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
1196. Health Status
1197. Life Span and Gender
1198. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: WHAT’S WRONG WITH THIS PATIENT?
1199. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
1200. Environment
1201. Culture and Inherited Traits
1202. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcome
1203. Planning and Intervention
1204. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
1205. Minimizing Adverse Effects
1206. Providing Patient and Family Education
1207. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
1208. Drugs Closely Related to Haloperidol
1209. MEMORY CHIP : Haloperidol
1210. Drugs Significantly Different From Haloperidol
1211. TABLE 17.3: Risk for Adverse Effects with High- and Low-Potency Typical Antipsychotics
1212. Atypical Antipsychotics
1213. BOX 17.5: CLOZARIL TREATMENT/PATIENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
1214. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Olanzapine
1215. Core Drug Knowledge
1216. Pharmacotherapeutics
1217. Pharmacokinetics
1218. Pharmacodynamics
1219. Contraindications and Precautions
1220. Adverse Effects
1221. Drug Interactions
1222. TABLE 17.4: Agents That Interact with Olanzapine
1223. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
1224. Health Status
1225. Life Span and Gender
1226. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
1227. Environment
1228. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
1229. Planning and Intervention
1230. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
1231. Minimizing Adverse Effects
1232. Providing Patient and Family Education
1233. MEMORY CHIP : Olanzapine
1234. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
1235. Drugs Closely Related to Olanzapine
1236. DRUGS FOR ALZHEIMER-TYPE DEMENTIA
1237. Acetylchounesterase Enzyme Inhibitors
1238. TABLE 17.5: Summary of Selected Drugs for Alzheimer Disease
1239. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Rivastigmine
1240. Core Drug Knowledge
1241. Pharmacotherapeutlcs
1242. Pharmacokinetics
1243. Pharmacodynamics
1244. Contraindications and Precautions
1245. Adverse Effects
1246. Drug Interactions
1247. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
1248. Health Status
1249. Life Span and Gender
1250. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
1251. Environment
1252. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
1253. Planning and Intervention
1254. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
1255. Minimizing Adverse Effects
1256. Providing Patient and Family Education
1257. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
1258. MEMORY CHIP : Rivastigmine
1259. Drugs Closely Related to Rivastigmine
1260. Drug Significantly Different From Rivastigmine
1261. CHAPTER SUMMARY
1262. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
1263. NEED MORE HELP?
1264. REFERENCES
1265. 18: Drugs Treating Seizure Disorders
1266. Learning Objectives
1267. Key Terms
1268. Drugs Treating Seizure Disorders
1269. PHYSIOLOGY
1270. FIGURE 18.1
1271. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
1272. FIGURE 18.2
1273. TABLE 18.1: Antiepileptic Drug Therapy Grouped by Therapeutic Use
1274. FIGURE 18.3
1275. ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS
1276. Antiepileptic Drugs That Decrease Sodium Influx
1277. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Phenytoin
1278. Core Drug Knowledge
1279. Pharmacotherapeutics
1280. Pharmacokinetics
1281. TABLE 18.2: Summary of Selected Antiepileptic Drugs
1282. Pharmacodynamics
1283. Contraindications and Precautions
1284. Box 18.1: DANTIEPILEPTICS AND PREGNANCY
1285. Teratogenic Effects
1286. Competitive Inhibitors of Vitamin K
1287. Loss of Seizure Control
1288. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: WHAT HAPPENS WHEN ANTIEPILEPTIC THERAPY STOPS ABRUPTLY?
1289. Adverse Effects
1290. Drug Interactions
1291. TABLE 18.3: Agents That Interact with Phenytoin
1292. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
1293. Health Status
1294. BOX 18.2: FOSCUS ON RESEARCH
1295. Core Patient Variables and Antiepileptic Drugs
1296. The Study
1297. Nursing Implications
1298. Life Span and Gender
1299. BOX 18.3: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
1300. Starting and Stopping Antiepileptic Drug Therapy
1301. When to Start Therapy
1302. When to Stop Therapy
1303. Patients Are More Likely To Relapse If They Have:
1304. Withdrawal Schedule Recommendations:
1305. Lifestyle, Diet and Habits
1306. Environment
1307. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
1308. Planning and Intervention
1309. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
1310. Minimizing Adverse Effects
1311. Providing Patient and Family Education
1312. Box 18.4: PATIENT AND FAMILY EDUCATION COMMON TO ALL ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS
1313. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
1314. MEMORY CHIP : Phenytoin
1315. Drugs Closely Related to Phenytoin Ethotoin
1316. Fosphenytoin
1317. Drugs Significantly Different From Phenytoin
1318. Carbamazepine
1319. Valproic Acid
1320. Lamotrigine
1321. Topiramate
1322. Oxcarbazepine
1323. Levetiracetam
1324. Felbamate
1325. Antiepileptic Drugs That Decrease Calcium Influx
1326. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Ethosuximide
1327. Core Drug Knowledge
1328. Pharmacotherapeutics
1329. Pharmacokinetics
1330. Pharmacodynamics
1331. Contraindications and Precautions
1332. Adverse Effects
1333. Drug Interactions
1334. TABLE 18.4: Atifints That Interact with Ethnsuximirle
1335. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
1336. Health Status
1337. Life Span and Gender
1338. Environment
1339. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
1340. Planning and Intervention
1341. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
1342. Minimizing Adverse Effects
1343. Providing Patient and Family Education
1344. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
1345. Drugs Closely Related to Ethosuximide
1346. MEMORY CHIP : Ethosuximide
1347. Drug Significantly Different From Ethosuximide
1348. Antiepileptic Drugs That Increase the Effects of GABA
1349. Benzodiazepines
1350. Diazepam
1351. Clonazepam
1352. Clorazepate
1353. Midazolam
1354. Drugs Significantly Different From the Benzodiazepines
1355. Gabapentin
1356. Pregabalin
1357. Phenobarbital
1358. Primidone
1359. Tiagabine
1360. Vigabatrin
1361. DRUGS USED IN SEIZURES RELATED TO PRE-ECLAMPSIA AND ECLAMPSIA
1362. CHAPTER SUMMARY
1363. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
1364. NEED MORE HELP?
1365. REFERENCES
1366. 19: Drugs Producing Anesthesia and Neuromuscular Blocking
1367. Learning Objectives
1368. Key Terms
1369. Drugs Producing Anesthesia and Neuromuscular Blocking
1370. PHYSIOLOGY
1371. Central Nervous System Anesthesia
1372. Local Anesthetics
1373. Neuromuscular Blockade
1374. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
1375. GENERAL ANESTHETIC AGENTS
1376. Inhaled Anesthetic Agents
1377. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Isoflurane
1378. Core Drug Knowledge
1379. Pharmacotherapeutics
1380. Pharmacokinetics
1381. FIGURE 19.1
1382. TABLE 19.1: Summary of Selected Inhalant Anesthetic Agents
1383. Pharmacodynamics
1384. Contraindications and Precautions
1385. Adverse Effects
1386. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: POSTANESTHETIC COMPLICATIONS IN THE PACU
1387. Drug Interactions
1388. TABLE 19.2: Agents That Interact with Isoflurane
1389. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
1390. Health Status
1391. Life Span and Gender
1392. BOX 19.1: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
1393. Post-operative Nausea and Vomiting Prevention
1394. Rationale
1395. The Study
1396. Nursing Implications
1397. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
1398. Environment
1399. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
1400. Planning and Intervention
1401. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
1402. Minimizing Adverse Effects
1403. Providing Patient and Family Education
1404. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
1405. Drugs Closely Related to Isoflurane
1406. Desflurane
1407. BOX 19.2: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
1408. Discharge Criteria After Surgery
1409. Respiration
1410. O2 saturation
1411. Consciousness
1412. Circulation (BP= blood pressure)
1413. Activity
1414. MEMORY CHIP : Isoflurane
1415. Sevoflurane
1416. Drug Significantly Different From Isoflurane
1417. Intravenous Anesthetic Agents
1418. TABLE 19.3: Summary of Selected Parenteral Anesthetic Agents
1419. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Propofol
1420. Core Drug Knowledge
1421. Pharmacotherapeutics
1422. Pharmacokinetics
1423. Pharmacodynamics
1424. Contraindications and Precautions
1425. Adverse Effects
1426. Drug Interactions
1427. TABLE 19.4: Agents That Interact with Propofol
1428. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
1429. Health Status
1430. Life Span and Gender
1431. Environment
1432. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
1433. Planning and Intervention
1434. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
1435. Minimizing Adverse Effects
1436. Providing Patient and Family Education
1437. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
1438. MEMORY CHIP : Propofol
1439. Drugs Closely Related to Propofol
1440. Etomidate
1441. Thiopental
1442. Drugs Significantly Different From Propofol
1443. Benzodiazepines
1444. Dexmedetomidine
1445. Fentanyl
1446. Ketamine
1447. Remifentanil
1448. LOCAL ANESTHETIC AGENTS
1449. FIGURE 19.2
1450. TABLE 19.5: Summary of Selected Local Anesthetic Agents
1451. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Lidocaine
1452. Core Drug Knowledge
1453. Pharmacotherapeutics
1454. Pharmacokinetics
1455. Pharmacodynamics
1456. Contraindications and Precautions
1457. Adverse Effects
1458. Drug Interactions
1459. TABLE 19.6: Agents that Interact with Lidocaine
1460. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
1461. Health Status
1462. Life Span and Gender
1463. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
1464. Environment
1465. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
1466. Planning and Intervention
1467. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
1468. Minimizing Adverse Effects
1469. Providing Patient and Family Education
1470. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
1471. MEMORY CHIP : Lidocaine
1472. Drugs Closely Related to Lidocaine
1473. Bupivacaine
1474. Chloroprocaine
1475. Etidocaine
1476. Mepivacaine
1477. Ropivicaine
1478. Prilocaine
1479. Procaine
1480. Topical Anesthetics
1481. NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING AGENTS
1482. FIGURE 19.3
1483. Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
1484. TABLE 19.7: Summary of Selected Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
1485. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Vecuronium
1486. Core Drug Knowledge
1487. Pharmacotherapeutics
1488. Pharmacokinetics
1489. Pharmacodynamics
1490. Contraindications and Precautions
1491. Adverse Effects
1492. Drug Interactions
1493. TABLE 19.8: Agents That Interact with Vecuronium
1494. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
1495. Health Status
1496. Life Span and Gender
1497. Environment
1498. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
1499. Planning and Intervention
1500. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
1501. MEMORY CHIP : Vecuronium
1502. Minimizing Adverse Effects
1503. Providing Patient and Family Education
1504. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
1505. Drugs Closely Related to Vecuronium
1506. Cisatracurium
1507. Pancuronium
1508. Rocuronium
1509. Depolarizing Neuromuscular Junction Blockers
1510. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Succinylcholine
1511. Core Drug Knowledge
1512. Pharmacotherapeutics
1513. Pharmacokinetics
1514. Pharmacodynamics
1515. Contraindications and Precautions
1516. Box 19.3: ADVERSE EFFECTS OF SUCCINYLCHOLINE
1517. Adverse Effects
1518. Drug Interactions
1519. TABLE 19.9: Agents That Interact with Succinylcholine
1520. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
1521. Health Status
1522. Life Span and Gender
1523. Environment
1524. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
1525. Planning and Intervention
1526. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
1527. Minimizing Adverse Effects
1528. MEMORY CHIP : Succinylcholine
1529. Providing Patient and Family Education
1530. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
1531. CHAPTER SUMMARY
1532. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
1533. NEED MORE HELP?
1534. REFERENCES
1535. 20: Drugs Affecting Muscle Spasm and Spasticity
1536. Learning Objectives
1537. Key Terms
1538. Drugs Affecting Muscle Spasm and Spasticity
1539. TABLE 20.1: Summary of Selected Drugs That Affect Muscle Spasm and Spasticity
1540. PHYSIOLOGY
1541. FIGURE 20.1
1542. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
1543. Muscle Spasm
1544. Spasticity
1545. CENTRALLY ACTING MUSCLE RELAXANTS
1546. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Cyclobenzaprine
1547. Core Drug Knowledge
1548. Pharmacotherapeutics
1549. Pharmacokinetics
1550. Pharmacodynamics
1551. Contraindications and Precautions
1552. Adverse Effects
1553. Drug Interactions
1554. TABLE 20.2: Agents That Interact with Cyclobenzaprine
1555. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: CYCLOBENZAPRINE IN THE COLLEGE ENVIRONMENT
1556. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
1557. Health Status
1558. Life Span and Gender
1559. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
1560. Environment
1561. Nursing Diagnosis and Outcome
1562. Planning and Intervention
1563. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
1564. Minimizing Adverse Effects
1565. Providing Patient and Family Education
1566. MEMORY CHIP : Cyclobenzaprine
1567. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
1568. Drugs Closely Related to Cyclobenzaprine
1569. Carisoprodol
1570. Chlorzoxazone
1571. Metaxalone
1572. Methocarbamol
1573. Orphenadrine
1574. Drug Significantly Different From Cyclobenzaprine
1575. CENTRALLY ACTING SPASMOLYTICS
1576. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Baclofen
1577. Core Drug Knowledge
1578. Pharmacotherapeutics
1579. Pharmacokinetics
1580. Pharmacodynamics
1581. Contraindications and Precautions
1582. Adverse Effects
1583. Drug Interactions
1584. TABLE 20.3: Agents That Interact with Baclofen
1585. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
1586. Health Status
1587. Life Span and Gender
1588. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
1589. Environment
1590. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
1591. Planning and Intervention
1592. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
1593. Minimizing Adverse Effects
1594. Providing Patient and Family Education
1595. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
1596. MEMORY CHIP : Baclofen
1597. Drug Closely Related to Baclofen
1598. Drug Significantly Different From Baclofen
1599. PERIPHERALLY ACTING SPASMOLYTICS
1600. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Dantrolene
1601. Core Drug Knowledge
1602. Pharmacotherapeutics
1603. BOX 20.1: Dantrolene Therapy and Malignant Hyperthermia
1604. Pharmacokinetics
1605. Pharmacodynamics
1606. Contraindications and Precautions
1607. Adverse Effects
1608. Drug Interactions
1609. TABLE 20.4: Agents That Interact with Dantrolene
1610. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
1611. Health Status
1612. Life Span and Gender
1613. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
1614. Environment
1615. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
1616. FOCUS ON RESEARCH
1617. Potential Abuse of Muscle Relaxants
1618. The Study
1619. Nursing Implications
1620. Planning and Intervention
1621. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
1622. Minimizing Adverse Effects
1623. Providing Patient and Family Education
1624. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
1625. Drug Closely Related to Dantrolene
1626. MEMORY CHIP : Dantrolene
1627. CHAPTER SUMMARY
1628. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
1629. NEED MORE HELP?
1630. REFERENCES
1631. 21: Drugs Treating Parkinson Disease and Other Movement Disorders
1632. Learning Objectives
1633. Key Terms
1634. Drugs Treating Parkinson Disease and Other Movement Disorders
1635. PHYSIOLOGY
1636. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
1637. Parkinson Disease
1638. FIGURE 21.1
1639. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
1640. Multiple Sclerosis
1641. ANTIPARKINSON DRUGS
1642. FIGURE 21.2
1643. TABLE 21.1: Summary of Selected Antiparkinson Agents
1644. Dopaminergics
1645. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Carbidopa-Levodopa
1646. Core Drug Knowledge
1647. Pharmacotherapeutics
1648. Pharmacokinetics
1649. Pharmacodynamics
1650. Contraindications and Precautions
1651. Adverse Effects
1652. BOX 21.1: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
1653. Treating Hypomobility in Parkinson Disease
1654. Drug Interactions
1655. TABLE 21.2: Agents That Interact with Carbidopa-Levodopa
1656. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
1657. Health Status
1658. BOX 21.2: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
1659. Rationale
1660. The Study
1661. Nursing Implications
1662. Life Span and Gender
1663. Lifestyle, Diet and Habits
1664. Environment
1665. Culture and Inherited Traits
1666. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
1667. Planning and Intervention
1668. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
1669. Minimizing Adverse Effects
1670. Providing Patient and Family Education
1671. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
1672. Drugs Closely Related to Carbidopa-Levodopa
1673. Amantadine
1674. Selegiline
1675. MEMORY CHIP : Carbidopa-Levodopa
1676. Rasagiline
1677. Drugs Significantly Different From parbidopa-Levodopa
1678. Dopamine Agonists
1679. Bromocriptine
1680. Pergolide
1681. Pramipexole
1682. Ropinirole
1683. Catecholamine O-Methyl Transferase Inhibitors
1684. Tolcapone
1685. Entacapone
1686. Centrally Acting Anticholinergic Drugs
1687. ANTI-AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS DRUGS
1688. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Riluzole
1689. Core Drug Knowledge
1690. Pharmacotherapeutics
1691. Pharmacokinetics
1692. TABLE 21.3: Summary of Selected Drugs for the Management of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
1693. Pharmacodynamics
1694. Contraindications and Precautions
1695. Adverse Effects
1696. Drug Interactions
1697. TABLE 21.4: Agents That Interact with Riluzole
1698. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
1699. Health Status
1700. Life Span and Gender
1701. Lifestyle, Diet and Habits
1702. Environment
1703. Culture and Inherited Traits
1704. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
1705. Planning and Intervention
1706. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
1707. Minimizing Adverse Effects
1708. Providing Patient and Family Education
1709. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
1710. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: RILUZOLE AND REALITY
1711. Drugs Significantly Different From Riluzole
1712. Creatine
1713. Drugs for Symptom Abatement
1714. MEMORY CHIP : Riluzole
1715. ANTI-MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS DRUGS
1716. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Glatiramer
1717. Core Drug Knowledge
1718. Pharmacotherapeutlcs
1719. Pharmacokinetics
1720. TABLE 21.5: Summary of Selected Drugs for the Management of Multiple Sclerosis
1721. Pharmacodynamics
1722. Contraindications and Precautions
1723. Adverse Effects
1724. Drug Interactions
1725. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
1726. Health Status
1727. Life Span and Gender
1728. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
1729. Environment
1730. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
1731. Planning and Intervention
1732. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
1733. Minimizing Adverse Effects
1734. Providing Patient and Family Education
1735. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
1736. Drugs Significantly Different From Glatiramer
1737. Interferons
1738. MEMORY CHIP : Glatiramer
1739. Mitoxantrone
1740. Natalizumab
1741. Dalfampridine
1742. Fingolimod
1743. Drugs for Symptom Abatement
1744. OTHER MOVEMENT DISORDERS AND RELATED DRUG THERAPY
1745. Myasthenia Gravis
1746. Huntington Disease
1747. Gilles de la Tourette Disease
1748. CHAPTER SUMMARY
1749. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
1750. NEED MORE HELP?
1751. REFERENCES
1752. 22: Drugs Stimulating the Central Nervous System
1753. Learning Objectives
1754. Key Terms
1755. Drugs Stimulating the Central Nervous System
1756. PHYSIOLOGY
1757. FIGURE 22.1
1758. FIGURE 22.2
1759. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
1760. Narcolepsy
1761. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
1762. BOX 22.1: DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR ADHD
1763. Overweight and Obesity
1764. BOX 22.2: BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) CATEGORIES)
1765. TABLE 22.1: Prevalence of Obesity in the United States
1766. BOX 22.3: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
1767. Limitation of Pharmacotherapy for Weight Loss
1768. The Study
1769. Nursing Implications
1770. Respiratory Stimulation
1771. CENTRALLY ACTING CNS STIMULANTS
1772. TABLE 22.2: Summary of Selected CNS Stimulants
1773. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Dextroamphetamine
1774. Core Drug Knowledge
1775. Pharmacotherapeutics
1776. Pharmacokinetics
1777. Pharmacodynamics
1778. Contraindications and Precautions
1779. Adverse Effects
1780. Drug Interactions
1781. TABLE 22.3: Agents That Interact with Dextroamphetamine
1782. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
1783. Health Status
1784. Life Span and Gender
1785. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
1786. Environment
1787. Culture and Inherited Traits
1788. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
1789. Planning and Intervention
1790. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
1791. Minimizing Adverse Effects
1792. Providing Patient and Family Education
1793. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
1794. MEMORY CHIP : Dextroamphetamine
1795. Drugs Closely Related to Dextroamphetamine
1796. Amphetamine Salts
1797. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: PHARMACOTHERAPY AND ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER
1798. Dexmethylphenidate
1799. Lisdexamfetamine
1800. Methylphenidate
1801. Drugs Significantly Different From Dextroamphetamine
1802. Atomoxetine
1803. Guanfacine
1804. Modafinil
1805. Antihypertensive Agents
1806. Antidepressants
1807. ANORECTIC AGENTS
1808. TABLE 22.4: Summary of Selected Anorectic CNS Stimulants
1809. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Phentermine
1810. Core Drug Knowledge
1811. Pharmacotherapeutics
1812. Pharmacokinetics
1813. Pharmacodynamics
1814. Contraindications and Precautions
1815. Adverse Effects
1816. Drug Interactions
1817. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
1818. Health Status
1819. Life Span and Gender
1820. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
1821. TABLE 22.5: Agents That Interact with Phentermine
1822. Environment
1823. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
1824. Planning and Intervention
1825. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
1826. Minimizing Adverse Effects
1827. Providing Patient and Family Education
1828. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
1829. Drug Significantly Different From Phentermine
1830. Adrenergic Drugs
1831. MEMORY CHIP : Phentermine
1832. Orlistat
1833. Off-Label Medications
1834. Serotonergic Drugs
1835. RESPIRATORY STIMULANTS
1836. TABLE 22.6: Summary of Selected Respiratory Stimulants
1837. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Caffeine
1838. Core Drug Knowledge
1839. Pharmacotherapeutics
1840. Pharmacokinetics
1841. Pharmacodynamics
1842. Contraindications and Precautions
1843. Adverse Effects
1844. Drug Interactions
1845. TABLE 22.7: Agents That Interact with Caffeine
1846. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
1847. Health Status
1848. Life Span and Gender
1849. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
1850. Environment
1851. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
1852. Planning and Intervention
1853. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
1854. Minimizing Adverse Effects
1855. Providing Patient and Family Education
1856. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
1857. Drug Closely Related to Caffeine
1858. MEMORY CHIP : Caffeine
1859. CHAPTER SUMMARY
1860. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
1861. NEED MORE HELP?
1862. REFERENCES
1863. UNIT 6: Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Druas
1864. 23: Drugs Treating Severe Pain
1865. Learning Objectives
1866. Key Terms
1867. Drugs Treating Severe Pain
1868. PHYSIOLOGY
1869. FIGURE 23.1
1870. Components That Influence Pain
1871. Types of Pain
1872. DRUG THERAPY TO MANAGE PAIN
1873. BOX 23.1: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
1874. Antiepileptics as Adjuncts for Postoperative Pain Control
1875. The Study
1876. Nursing Implications
1877. TABLE 23.1: Nonpharmacologic Techniques Used in Pain Control
1878. FIGURE 23.2
1879. NARCOTIC ANALGESICS
1880. TABLE 23.2: Equianalgesic Doses* (mg) of Selected Narcotic Analgesics
1881. Strong Narcotic Agonists
1882. TABLE 23.3: Summary of Selected Narcotic Analgesics and Antagonists in Adults
1883. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Morphine
1884. Core Drug Knowledge
1885. Pharmacotherapeutics
1886. Pharmacokinetics
1887. Pharmacodynamics
1888. BOX 23.2: SECONDARY PHARMACOLOGIC ACTIONS OF MORPHINE AND OTHER NARCOTICS
1889. Contraindications and Precautions
1890. Adverse Effects
1891. Drug Interactions
1892. TABLE 23.4: Agents That Interact With Morphine
1893. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
1894. Health Status
1895. Life Span and Gender
1896. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
1897. BOX 23.3: DETERMINING OPIOID TOLERANCE
1898. Environment
1899. Culture and Inherited Traits
1900. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT DRUG THERAPY IN PAIN MANAGEMENT
1901. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
1902. Planning and Intervention
1903. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
1904. ASSESSING PAIN
1905. FIGURE 23.3
1906. PROVIDING ANALGESIA
1907. Minimizing Adverse Effects
1908. BOX 23.4: MINIMIZING ADVERSE EFFECTS OF MORPHINE
1909. For All
1910. Respiratory Depression
1911. Hypotension
1912. Constipation
1913. Urinary Retention and Decreased Urinary Output
1914. Light-headedness, Dizziness, and Sedation
1915. Nausea and Vomiting
1916. Providing Patient and Family Education
1917. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
1918. MEMORY CHIP : Morphine
1919. Drugs Closely Related to Morphine
1920. Hydromorphone
1921. Levorphanol
1922. Oxycodone
1923. Oxymorphone
1924. Meperidine
1925. Fentanyl
1926. BOX 23.5: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
1927. Teaching About Transdermal Fentanyl
1928. Alfentanil
1929. Sufentanil
1930. Methadone
1931. Remifentanil
1932. Tramadol
1933. Drug Significantly Different From Morphine
1934. Mild Narcotic Agonists
1935. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Codeine
1936. Core Drug Knowledge
1937. Pharmacotherapeutics
1938. Pharmacokinetics
1939. Pharmacodynamics
1940. Contraindications and Precautions
1941. Adverse Effects
1942. Drug Interactions
1943. TABLE 23.5: Agents That Interact with Codeine
1944. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
1945. Health Status
1946. Life Span and Gender
1947. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
1948. Environment
1949. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
1950. Planning and Intervention
1951. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
1952. Minimizing Adverse Effects
1953. Providing Patient and Family Education
1954. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
1955. Drugs Closely Related to Codeine
1956. Hydrocodone
1957. Narcotic Agonist-Antagonists
1958. MEMORY CHIP : Codeine
1959. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Pentazocine
1960. Core Drug Knowledge
1961. Pharmacotherapeutics
1962. Pharmacokinetics
1963. Pharmacodynamics
1964. Contraindications and Precautions
1965. Adverse Effects
1966. Drug Interactions
1967. TABLE 23.6: Agents That Interact with Pentazocine
1968. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
1969. Health Status
1970. Life Span and Gender
1971. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
1972. Environment
1973. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
1974. Planning and Intervention
1975. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
1976. Minimizing Adverse Effects
1977. Providing Patient and Family Education
1978. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
1979. MEMORY CHIP : Pentazocine
1980. Drugs Closely Related to Pentazocine
1981. Buprenorphine
1982. Butorphanol
1983. Nalbuphine
1984. CHAPTER SUMMARY
1985. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
1986. NEED MORE HELP?
1987. REFERENCES
1988. 24: Drugs Treating Mild to Moderate Pain, Fever, Inflammation, and Migraine Headache
1989. Learning Objectives
1990. Key Terms
1991. Drugs Treating Mild to Moderate Pain, Fever, Inflammation, and Migraine Headache
1992. PHYSIOLOGY
1993. Fever
1994. Inflammation
1995. Prostaglandin Synthesis
1996. FIGURE 24.1
1997. Pain
1998. Platelet Aggregation
1999. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
2000. Migraine Headache
2001. BOX 24.1: INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF HEADACHES
2002. The Primary Headaches
2003. The Secondary Headaches
2004. Cranial Neuralgias Central and Primary Facial Pain and Other Headaches
2005. BOX 24.2: PHASES OF MIGRAINE HEADACHE
2006. Prodromal Phase (symptoms vary)
2007. Aura Phase
2008. Headache Phase
2009. Postheadache Phase
2010. DRUGS TO TREAT INFLAMMATION AND FEVER
2011. NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS
2012. Salicylates
2013. TABLE 24.1: Summary of Selected Salicylates
2014. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Aspirin
2015. Core Drug Knowledge
2016. Pharmacotherapeutics
2017. Pharmacokinetics
2018. Pharmacodynamics
2019. Contraindications and Precautions
2020. Adverse Effects
2021. Drug Interactions
2022. TABLE 24.2: Agents That Interact with Aspirin
2023. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
2024. Health Status
2025. Life Span and Gender
2026. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
2027. Environment
2028. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
2029. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: ASPIRIN THERAPY FOR ARTHRITIS
2030. Planning and Intervention
2031. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
2032. Minimizing Adverse Effects
2033. Providing Patient and Family Education
2034. MEMORY CHIP : Aspirin
2035. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
2036. Drugs Closely Related to Aspirin
2037. Diflunisal
2038. Salsalate
2039. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
2040. BOX 24.3: SELECTIVITY OF NSAIDS
2041. TABLE 24.3: Summary of Selected Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
2042. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Ibuprofen
2043. Core Drug Knowledge
2044. Pharmacotherapeutics
2045. TABLE 24.4: Indications for Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
2046. Pharmacokinetics
2047. Pharmacodynamics
2048. Contraindications and Precautions
2049. Adverse Effects
2050. Drug Interactions
2051. TABLE 24.5: Agents That Interact with Ibuprofen
2052. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
2053. Health Status
2054. Life Span and Gender
2055. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
2056. Environment
2057. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
2058. Planning and Intervention
2059. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
2060. Minimizing Adverse Effects
2061. BOX 24.4: USING MISOPROSTOL TO REDUCE NSAID ADVERSE EFFECTS
2062. Providing Patient and Family Education
2063. MEMORY CHIP : Ibuprofen
2064. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
2065. Drugs Closely Related to Ibuprofen
2066. Propionic Acids
2067. Acetic Acids
2068. Fenamates
2069. Oxicams
2070. Ophthalmic NSAIDs
2071. COX-2 Inhibitors
2072. Celecoxib
2073. Para-aminophenol Derivatives
2074. TABLE 24.6: Summary of Selected Para-Aminophenol Derivatives
2075. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Acetaminophen
2076. Core Drug Knowledge
2077. Pharmacotherapeutics
2078. Pharmacokinetics
2079. Pharmacodynamics
2080. Contraindications and Precautions
2081. Adverse Effects
2082. Drug Interactions
2083. TABLE 24.7: Agents That Interact with Acetaminophen
2084. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
2085. Health Status
2086. Life Span and Gender
2087. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
2088. Environment
2089. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
2090. Planning and Intervention
2091. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
2092. Minimizing Adverse Effects
2093. Providing Patient and Family Education
2094. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
2095. MEMORY CHIP : Acetaminophen
2096. Serotonin-Selective Agonists
2097. BOX 24.5: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
2098. TELCAGEPANT FOR THE ACUTE TREATMENT OF MIGRAINE
2099. The Study
2100. Nursing Implications
2101. TABLE 24.8: Summary of Serotonin-Selective Agonists
2102. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Sumatriptan
2103. Core Drug Knowledge
2104. Pharmacotherapeutics
2105. Pharmacokinetics
2106. Pharmacodynamics
2107. Contraindications and Precautions
2108. Adverse Effects
2109. Drug Interactions
2110. TABLE 24.9: Agents That Interact with Sumatriptan
2111. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
2112. Health Status
2113. BOX 24.6: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
2114. Migraine Headache Triggers
2115. Physiologic Triggers
2116. Dietary Triggers
2117. Psychological Triggers
2118. Environmental Triggers
2119. Pharmacologic Triggers
2120. Life Span and Gender
2121. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
2122. Environment
2123. Nursing Diagnosis and Outcome
2124. Planning and Intervention
2125. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
2126. Minimizing Adverse Effects
2127. Providing Patient and Family Education
2128. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
2129. BOX 24.7: SEROTONIN SYNDROME
2130. Drugs Closely Related to Sumatriptan
2131. Almotriptan
2132. Eletriptan
2133. Frovatriptan
2134. Naratriptan
2135. Rizatriptan
2136. Zolmitriptan
2137. Drugs Significantly Different From Sumatriptan
2138. Ergotamine
2139. MEMORY CHIP : Sumatriptan
2140. Dihydroergotamine
2141. Analgesics
2142. Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs
2143. DRUGS USED AS PROPHYLAXIS FOR MIGRAINE HEADACHE
2144. Antiepileptics
2145. Antidepressants
2146. Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents
2147. Calcium Channel Blockers
2148. CHAPTER SUMMARY
2149. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
2150. NEED MORE HELP?
2151. REFERENCES
2152. 25: Drugs Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis and Gout
2153. Learning Objectives
2154. Key Terms
2155. Drugs Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis and Gout
2156. FIGURE 25.1
2157. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
2158. Rheumatoid Arthritis
2159. BOX 25.1: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
2160. Therapeutic Alternative for Chronic Gout
2161. The Study
2162. Nursing Implications
2163. Gout
2164. FIGURE 25.2
2165. DISEASE-MODIFYING ANTIRHEUMATIC DRUGS
2166. Nonbiological DMARDs
2167. TABLE 25.1: Summary of Selected Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs
2168. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Methotrexate
2169. Core Drug Knowledge
2170. Pharmacotherapeutics
2171. Pharmacokinetics
2172. Pharmacodynamics
2173. Contraindications and Precautions
2174. BOX 25.2: METHOTREXATE BLACK BOX WARNINGS
2175. Adverse Effects
2176. Drug Interactions
2177. TABLE 25.2: Agents That Interact with Methotrexate
2178. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
2179. Health Status
2180. Life Span and Gender
2181. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
2182. Environment
2183. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
2184. Planning and Intervention
2185. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
2186. Minimizing Adverse Effects
2187. Providing Patient and Family Education
2188. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
2189. Drugs Similar to Methotrexate
2190. Azathioprine
2191. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: DMARD THERAPY
2192. MEMORY CHIP : Methotrexate
2193. Gold Salts
2194. Hydroxychloroquine
2195. Leflunomide
2196. Minocycline
2197. d-Penicillamine
2198. Sulfasalazine
2199. Drugs Significantly Different From Methotrexate
2200. Cyclophosphamide
2201. Cyclosporine
2202. Glucocorticoid Steroids
2203. BIOLOGICAL DMARDS
2204. TABLE 25.3: Summary of Selected Biological Drugs
2205. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Etanercept
2206. Core Drug Knowledge
2207. Pharmacotherapeutics
2208. Pharmacokinetics
2209. Pharmacodynamics
2210. Contraindications and Precautions
2211. Adverse Effects
2212. Drug Interactions
2213. TABLE 25.4: Agents That Interact with Etanercept
2214. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
2215. Health Status
2216. Lifespan and Gender
2217. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
2218. Environment
2219. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
2220. Planning and Intervention
2221. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
2222. Minimizing Adverse Effects
2223. Providing Patient and Family Education
2224. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
2225. Drugs Closely Related to Etanercept
2226. Adalimumab
2227. Certolizumab Pegol
2228. MEMORY CHIP : Etanercept
2229. Golimumab
2230. Infliximab
2231. Drugs Significantly Different From Etanercept
2232. Abatacept
2233. Anakinra
2234. Rituximab
2235. Tocilizumab
2236. ANTIGOUT DRUGS
2237. Drugs for Treating Acute Gout
2238. TABLE 25.5: Summary of Selected Antigout Drugs
2239. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Colchicine
2240. Core Drug Knowledge
2241. Pharmacotherapeutics
2242. Pharmacokinetics
2243. Pharmacodynamics
2244. Contraindications and Precautions
2245. Adverse Effects
2246. Drug Interactions
2247. TABLE 25.6: Agents That Interact with Colchicine
2248. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
2249. Health Status
2250. Life Span and Gender
2251. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
2252. Environment
2253. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
2254. Planning and Intervention
2255. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
2256. Minimizing Adverse Effects
2257. Providing Patient and Family Education
2258. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
2259. MEMORY CHIP : Colchicine
2260. Drugs Significantly Different From Colchicine
2261. Drugs for Gout Prophylaxis
2262. TABLE 25.7: Summary of Selected Uricosuric Drugs
2263. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Allopurinol
2264. Core Drug Knowledge
2265. Pharmacotherapeutics
2266. Pharmacokinetics
2267. Pharmacodynamics
2268. Contraindications and Precautions
2269. Adverse Effects
2270. Drug Interactions
2271. TABLE 25.8: Agents That Interact with Allopurinol
2272. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
2273. Health Status
2274. Life Span and Gender
2275. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
2276. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
2277. Planning and Intervention
2278. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
2279. Minimizing Adverse Effects
2280. Providing Patient and Family Education
2281. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
2282. Drugs Similar to Allopurinol
2283. Febuxostat
2284. MEMORY CHIP : Allopurinol
2285. Drugs Significantly Different From Allopurinol
2286. Probenecid
2287. Sulfinpyrazone
2288. CHAPTER SUMMARY
2289. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
2290. NEED MORE HELP?
2291. REFERENCES
2292. UNIT 7: Hematopoietic, Cardiovascular, and Renal System Drugs
2293. 26: Drugs Affecting Blood Pressure
2294. Learning Objectives
2295. Key Terms
2296. Drugs Affecting Blood Pressure
2297. PHYSIOLOGY
2298. FIGURE 26.1
2299. Role of Adrenergic Receptors
2300. Role of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
2301. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
2302. BOX 26.1: UNDERSTANDING BMI
2303. BOX 26.2: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
2304. Obesity, High Blood Pressure, and School-Aged Children
2305. The Study
2306. Nursing Implications
2307. TABLE 26.1: Blood Pressure and Hypertension Categories*
2308. BOX 26.3: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
2309. Hypertensive Crisis
2310. LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION AND HYPERTENSION
2311. TABLE 26.2: Two Examples of Daily Dietary Patterns That Are Consistent With AHA-Recommended Dietary Goals at 2000 Calories
2312. OVERVIEW OF DRUG THERAPY AND HYPERTENSION
2313. FIGURE 26.2
2314. TABLE 26.3: Health Status Considerations for Selecting Drugs as First-Line Therapy for Hypertension
2315. TABLE 26.4: Summary of Selected Summary of Selected
2316. FIRST-LINE DRUGS TO TREAT HYPERTENSION
2317. Diuretics
2318. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Hydrochlorothiazide
2319. BOX 26.4: TIPS FOR HELPING AFRICAN-AMERICANS WITH HYPERTENSION
2320. Beta Blockers
2321. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Metoprolol
2322. Drugs Significantly Different from Metoprolol
2323. Labetalol
2324. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: MANAGING COMPLICATIONS OF LABETALOL THERAPY
2325. Calcium Channel Blockers
2326. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Verapamil
2327. ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS
2328. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Captopril
2329. Core Drug Knowledge
2330. Pharmacotherapeutics
2331. Pharmacokinetics
2332. Pharmacodynamics
2333. Contraindications and Precautions
2334. Adverse Effects
2335. Drug Interactions
2336. TABLE 26.5: Agents That Interact with Captopril
2337. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
2338. Health Status
2339. Life Span and Gender
2340. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
2341. Environment
2342. Culture and Inherited Traits
2343. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
2344. Planning and Intervention
2345. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
2346. Minimizing Adverse Effects
2347. FIRST-DOSE HYPOTENSION
2348. HYPOTENSION
2349. Altered Laboratory Results
2350. Allergic Reactions
2351. Providing Patient and Family Education
2352. On going Assessment and Evaluation
2353. MEMORY CHIP : Captopril
2354. Drugs Closely Related to Captopril
2355. Drugs Significantly Different From Captopril
2356. ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKERS
2357. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Losartan
2358. Core Drug Knowledge
2359. Pharmacotherapeutics
2360. Pharmacokinetics
2361. Pharmacodynamics
2362. Contraindications and Precautions
2363. Adverse Effects
2364. Drug Interactions
2365. TABLE 26.6: Agents That Interact with Losartan
2366. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
2367. Health Status
2368. Life Span and Gender
2369. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
2370. Environment
2371. Culture and Inherited Traits
2372. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
2373. Planning and Intervention
2374. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
2375. Minimizing Adverse Effects
2376. Providing Patient and Family Education
2377. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
2378. MEMORY CHIP : Losartan
2379. Drugs Closely Related to Losartan
2380. DRUGS USED AS SECOND-LINE ANTIHYPERTENSIVES
2381. Selective Aldosterone Blockers
2382. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Eplerenone
2383. Core Drug Knowledge
2384. Pharmacotherapeutics
2385. Pharmacokinetics
2386. Pharmacodynamics
2387. Contraindications and Precautions
2388. Adverse Effects
2389. Drug Interactions
2390. TABLE 26.7: Agents That Interact with Eplerenone
2391. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
2392. Health Status
2393. Life Span and Gender
2394. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
2395. Environment
2396. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
2397. Planning and Intervention
2398. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
2399. Minimizing Adverse Effects
2400. Providing Patient and Family Education
2401. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
2402. Drug Significantly Different From Eplerenone
2403. Spironolactone
2404. MEMORY CHIP : Eplerenone
2405. Direct-Acting Vasodilators
2406. Centrally Acting Alpha-2 Agonists
2407. Peripherally Acting Alpha-1 Blockers
2408. Peripherally Acting Antiadrenergics
2409. ADJUNCT THERAPY IN HYPERTENSION
2410. Antihyperlipidemic Drugs
2411. Nitrates
2412. DRUGS USED IN HYPERTENSIVE CRISIS
2413. TABLE 26.8: Summary of Selected Drugs for Hypertensive Crisis
2414. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Nitroprusside
2415. Core Drug Knowledge
2416. Pharmacotherapeutics
2417. Pharmacokinetics
2418. Pharmacodynamics
2419. Contraindications and Precautions
2420. Adverse Effects
2421. Drug Interactions
2422. TABLE 26.9: Agents That Interact with Nitroprusside
2423. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
2424. Health Status
2425. Life Span and Gender
2426. Environment
2427. Culture and Inherited Traits
2428. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
2429. Planning and Intervention
2430. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
2431. Minimizing Adverse Effects
2432. Providing Patient and Family Education
2433. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
2434. Drugs Closely Related to Nitroprusside
2435. Fenoldopam
2436. MEMORY CHIP : Nitroprusside
2437. Trimethaphan
2438. Drugs Significantly Different From Nitroprusside
2439. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SHOCK
2440. DRUGS TO TREAT HYPOTENSION RESULTING FROM SHOCK
2441. Vasopressors
2442. TABLE 26.10: Summary of Selected Vasopressors
2443. Dopamine
2444. Dobutamine
2445. Isoproterenol
2446. Epinephrine
2447. Norepinephrine
2448. Ephedrine
2449. Metaraminol
2450. DRUGS TO TREAT HYPOTENSION RESULTING FROM VARIOUS MECHANISMS
2451. Phenylephrine
2452. Midodrine
2453. CHAPTER SUMMARY
2454. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
2455. NEED MORE HELP?
2456. REFERENCES
2457. 27: Drugs Affecting Urinary Output
2458. Learning Objectives
2459. Key Terms
2460. Drugs Affecting Urinary Output
2461. PHYSIOLOGY
2462. FIGURE 27.1
2463. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
2464. BOX 27.1: STAGES OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE)
2465. THIAZIDE DIURETICS
2466. TABLE 27.1: Summary of Selected Diuretic Drugs
2467. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Hydrochlorothiazide
2468. Core Drug Knowledge
2469. Pharmacotherapeutics
2470. Pharmacokinetics
2471. Pharmacodynamics
2472. Contraindications and Precautions
2473. Adverse Effects
2474. Drug Interactions
2475. TABLE 27.2: Agents That Interact with Hydrochlorothiazide
2476. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
2477. Health Status
2478. Life Span and Gender
2479. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
2480. Environment
2481. Culture and Inherited Traits
2482. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
2483. Planning and Intervention
2484. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
2485. BOX 27.2: Factors That Can Decrease Adherence to Diuretic Therapy
2486. Minimizing Adverse Effects
2487. Providing Patient and Family Education
2488. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
2489. Drugs Closely Related to Hydrochlorothiazide
2490. Drugs Significantly Different From Hydrochlorothiazide
2491. MEMORY CHIP : Hydrochlorothiazide
2492. LOOP DIURETICS
2493. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Furosemide
2494. Core Drug Knowledge
2495. Pharmacotherapeutics
2496. Pharmacokinetics
2497. TABLE 27.3: Agents That Interact with Furosemide
2498. Pharmacodynamics
2499. Contraindications and Precautions
2500. Adverse Effects
2501. Drug Interactions
2502. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
2503. Health Status
2504. Life Span and Gender
2505. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
2506. BOX 27.3: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
2507. What Is the Proper Dose of Furosemide for Treating Acute Decompensated Heart Failure?
2508. The Study
2509. Nursing Implications
2510. Environment
2511. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
2512. Planning and Intervention
2513. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
2514. Minimizing Adverse Effects
2515. Providing Patient and Family Education
2516. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
2517. Drugs Closely Related to Furosemide
2518. MEMORY CHIP : Furosemide
2519. POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS
2520. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Triamterene
2521. Core Drug Knowledge
2522. Pharmacotherapeutics
2523. Pharmacokinetics
2524. Pharmacodynamlcs
2525. Contraindications and Precautions
2526. Adverse Effects
2527. Drug Interactions
2528. TABLE 27.4: Agents That Interact with Triamterene
2529. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
2530. Health Status
2531. Life Span and Gender
2532. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
2533. Environment
2534. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
2535. Planning and Intervention
2536. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
2537. Minimizing Adverse Effects
2538. Providing Patient and Family Education
2539. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: ADDING TRIAMTERENE TO HYPERTENSION THERAPY
2540. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
2541. Drug Closely Related to Triamterene
2542. MEMORY CHIP : Triamterene
2543. Drugs Significantly Different From Triamterene
2544. Spironolactone
2545. Eplerenone
2546. OSMOTIC DIURETICS
2547. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Mannitol
2548. Core Drug Knowledge
2549. Pharmacotherapeutics
2550. Pharmacokinetics
2551. Pharmacodynamics
2552. Contraindications and Precautions
2553. Adverse Effects
2554. Drug Interactions
2555. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
2556. Health Status
2557. Life Span and Gender
2558. Environment
2559. Nursing Diagnosis and Outcome
2560. Planning and Intervention
2561. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
2562. Minimizing Adverse Effects
2563. Providing Patient and Family Education
2564. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
2565. Drugs Closely Related to Mannitol
2566. Glycerin (Glycerol)
2567. MEMORY CHIP : Mannitol
2568. Isosorbide
2569. Urea
2570. CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS
2571. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Acetazolamide
2572. Core Drug Knowledge
2573. Pharmacotherapeutics
2574. Pharmacokinetics
2575. Pharmacodynamics
2576. Contraindications and Precautions
2577. Adverse Effects
2578. Drug Interactions
2579. TABLE 27.5: Agents That Interact with Acetazolamide
2580. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables Health Status
2581. Life Span and Gender
2582. Environment
2583. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
2584. Planning and Intervention
2585. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
2586. Minimizing Adverse Effects
2587. Providing Patient and Family Education
2588. MEMORY CHIP : Acetazolamide
2589. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
2590. Drugs Closely Related to Acetazolamide
2591. ANTICHOUNERGIC AGENTS
2592. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Tolterodine
2593. Core Drug Knowledge
2594. Pharmacotherapeutlcs
2595. Pharmacokinetlcs
2596. Pharmacodynamics
2597. Contraindications and Precautions
2598. Adverse Effects
2599. Drug Interactions
2600. TABLE 27.6: Agents That Interact with Tolterodine
2601. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
2602. Health Status
2603. Life Span and Gender
2604. Environment
2605. Nursing Diagnosis and Outcomes
2606. Planning and Intervention
2607. Maximizing Therapeutic Effect
2608. Minimizing Adverse Effects
2609. Providing Patient and Family Education
2610. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
2611. MEMORY CHIP : Tolterodine
2612. Drugs Closely Related to Tolterodine
2613. CHAPTER SUMMARY
2614. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
2615. NEED MORE HELP?
2616. REFERENCES
2617. 28: Drugs Affecting Lipid Levels
2618. Learning Objectives
2619. Key Terms
2620. Drugs Affecting Lipid Levels
2621. PHYSIOLOGY
2622. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
2623. BOX 28.1: INTERPRETING BLOOD LIPID LEVELS
2624. Total Cholesterol
2625. High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol
2626. Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol
2627. Non-HDL Concentration (recommended as second target of therapy if triglycerides greater than or equal to 200 mg/dL)
2628. Lifestyle and Reduction of Low-Density Lipoprotein Levels
2629. TABLE 28.1: Daily Dietary Recommendations in Therapeutic Lifestyle Change
2630. BOX 28.2: CORONARY HEART DISEASE (CHD) EQUIVALENTS AND MAJOR RISK FACTORS FOR CHD
2631. ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMICS
2632. Statins
2633. BOX 28.3: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
2634. Statins Are Underprescribed
2635. The Study
2636. Nursing Implications
2637. TABLE 28.2: Summary of Selected Antihyperlipidemics
2638. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Lovastatin
2639. Core Drug Knowledge
2640. Pharmacotherapeutics
2641. Pharmacokinetics
2642. Pharmacodynamics
2643. Contraindications and Precautions
2644. Adverse Effects
2645. Drug Interactions
2646. TABLE 28.3: Agents That Interact with Lovastain
2647. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: MANAGING ADVERSE EFFECTS OF LOVASTATIN THERAPY
2648. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
2649. Health Status
2650. Life Span and Gender
2651. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
2652. Environment
2653. Culture and Inherited Traits
2654. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
2655. Planning and Intervention
2656. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
2657. Minimizing Adverse Effects
2658. Providing Patient and Family Education
2659. BOX 28.4: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
2660. Diet Teaching to Lower Cholesterol Levels
2661. Unsaturated oils such as olive oil, corn oil, and safflower oil
2662. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
2663. MEMORY CHIP : Lovastatin
2664. Drugs Closely Related to Lovastatin
2665. TABLE 28.4: Comparison of Statins
2666. Drugs Significantly Different From Lovastatin
2667. Fibric Acid Derivatives
2668. Fenofibrate
2669. Gemfibrozil
2670. Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor: Ezetimibe
2671. Nicotinic Acid
2672. Bile Acid Sequestrants
2673. CHAPTER SUMMARY
2674. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
2675. NEED MORE HELP?
2676. REFERENCES
2677. 29: Drugs Treating Heart Failure
2678. Learning Objectives
2679. Key Terms
2680. Drugs Treating Heart Failure
2681. PHYSIOLOGY
2682. FIGURE 29.1.
2683. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
2684. BOX 29.1: NEW YORK HEART ASSOCIATION CLASSIFICATION FOR CHRONIC HEART FAILURE
2685. Display 29.1.
2686. DRUGS TO TREAT CHRONIC HEART FAILURE
2687. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: MULTIPLE DRUG THERAPY FOR CHRONIC HEART FAILURE
2688. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
2689. Loop Diuretics
2690. Beta Blockers
2691. Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
2692. Aldosterone Antagonists
2693. Cardiac Glycosides
2694. Combination Vasodilator–Antianginal Drugs
2695. Drugs Under Investigation for Use in CHF
2696. Drugs to Be Avoided in Heart Failure
2697. CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES
2698. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Digoxin
2699. Core Drug Knowledge
2700. Pharmacotherapeutics
2701. TABLE 29.1: Summary of Selected Drugs Used to Treat Heart Failure
2702. Pharmacokinetics
2703. Pharmacodynamics
2704. Contraindications and Precautions
2705. Adverse Effects
2706. Drug Interactions
2707. TABLE 29.2: Agents That Interact with Digoxin
2708. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
2709. Health Status
2710. BOX 29.2: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
2711. The Study
2712. Nursing Implications
2713. Life Span and Gender
2714. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
2715. Environment
2716. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
2717. Planning and Intervention
2718. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
2719. Minimizing Adverse Effects
2720. BOX 29.3: MINIMIZING ADVERSE EFFECTS FROM DIGOXIN TOXICITY
2721. Monitor serum digoxin levels
2722. Assess for bradycardia
2723. Correct electrolyte imbalances
2724. Assess for other symptoms of digoxin toxicity
2725. Treatment of digoxin-induced arrhythmias
2726. Use of the digoxin antidote
2727. Miscellaneous
2728. Providing Patient and Family Education
2729. BOX 29.4: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
2730. Prevention of Digoxin Poisoning
2731. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
2732. Drugs Significantly Different From Digoxin
2733. Vasodilator–Antianginal Combinations
2734. MEMORY CHIP : Digoxin
2735. NATRIURETIC PEPTIDES
2736. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Nesiritide
2737. Core Drug Knowledge
2738. Pharmacotherapeutics
2739. Pharmacokinetics
2740. Pharmacodynamics
2741. Contraindications and Precautions
2742. Adverse Effects
2743. Drug Interactions
2744. TABLE 29.3: Agents That Interact with Nesiritide
2745. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
2746. Health Status
2747. Life Span and Gender
2748. Environment
2749. Nursing Diagnosis and Outcome
2750. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
2751. Minimizing Adverse Effects
2752. Providing Patient and Family Education
2753. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
2754. Drugs Significantly Different From Nesiritide
2755. Inamrinone
2756. MEMORY CHIP : Nesiritide
2757. Milrinone
2758. CHAPTER SUMMARY
2759. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
2760. NEED MORE HELP?
2761. REFERENCES
2762. 30: Drugs Treating Angina
2763. Learning Objectives
2764. Key Terms
2765. Drugs Treating Angina
2766. PHYSIOLOGY
2767. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
2768. DRUGS TO TREAT ANGINA
2769. TABLE 30.1: Summary of Selected Antianginal Drugs
2770. Beta Blockers
2771. Calcium Channel Blockers
2772. Nitrates
2773. Adjunct Drug Therapies
2774. NITRATES
2775. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Nitroglycerin
2776. Core Drug Knowledge
2777. Pharmacotherapeutics
2778. Pharmacokinetics
2779. Pharmacodynamics
2780. Contraindications and Precautions
2781. Adverse Effects
2782. Drug Interactions
2783. TABLE 30.2: Agents That Interact with Nitroglycerin
2784. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
2785. Health Status
2786. Life Span and Gender
2787. BOX 30.1: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
2788. Symptoms Across the Continuum of Acute Coronary Syndromes: Differences Between Women and Men
2789. The Study
2790. Nursing Implications
2791. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: NITROGLYCERIN
2792. Lifestyle, Diet and Habits
2793. Environment
2794. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
2795. Planning and Intervention
2796. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
2797. SUBLINGUAL TABLETS
2798. TOPICAL OINTMENT AND TRANSDERMAL PATCHES
2799. TRANSUNGUAL SPRAY
2800. INTRAVENOUS
2801. Minimizing Adverse Effects
2802. ALL ROUTES
2803. SUBUNGUAL
2804. TRANSDERMAL
2805. INTRAVENOUS
2806. Providing Patient and Family Education
2807. BOX 30.2: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
2808. Chest Pain or Heart Attack?
2809. ALL ROUTES
2810. SUBLINGUAL TABLETS
2811. TRANSUNGUAL SPRAY
2812. TRANSMUCOSAL TABLETS
2813. SUSTAINED-RELEASE TABLETS
2814. OINTMENTS
2815. TRANSDERMAL PATCHES
2816. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
2817. MEMORY CHIP : Nitroglycerin
2818. Drugs Closely Related to Nitroglycerin
2819. Drug Significantly Different From Nitroglycerin
2820. Management of Chronic Stable Angina Pectoris
2821. CHAPTER SUMMARY
2822. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
2823. NEED MORE HELP?
2824. REFERENCES
2825. 31: Drugs Affecting Cardiac Rhythm
2826. Learning Objectives
2827. Key Terms
2828. Drugs Affecting Cardiac Rhythm
2829. PHYSIOLOGY
2830. FIGURE 31.1
2831. FIGURE 31.2
2832. FIGURE 31.3
2833. FIGURE 31.4
2834. FIGURE 31.5
2835. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
2836. FIGURE 31.6
2837. FIGURE 31.7
2838. BOX 31.1: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
2839. Treatment Options with Atrial Fibrillation
2840. The Study
2841. Nursing Implications
2842. DRUGS AND OTHER THERAPIES TO TREAT ARRHYTHMIAS
2843. FIGURE 31.8
2844. FIGURE 31.9
2845. CLASS I ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUGS
2846. TABLE 31.1: Summary of Selected Class I Antiarrhythmics
2847. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Lidocaine
2848. Core Drug Knowledge
2849. Pharmacotherapeutics
2850. Pharmacokinetics
2851. Pharmacodynamics
2852. Contraindications and Precautions
2853. Adverse Effects
2854. Drug Interactions
2855. TABLE 31.2: Agents That Interact with Lidocaine
2856. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
2857. Health Status
2858. Life Span and Gender
2859. Environment
2860. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
2861. Planning and Intervention
2862. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
2863. Minimizing Adverse Effects
2864. Providing Patient and Family Education
2865. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
2866. Drugs Closely Related to Lidocaine
2867. MEMORY CHIP : Lidocaine
2868. Mexiletine
2869. Phenytoin
2870. Drugs Significantly Different From Lidocaine
2871. Class IA Antiarrhythmics
2872. Quinidine
2873. Other Class 1A Antiarrhythmics
2874. Class IC Antiarrhythmics
2875. CLASS II ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUGS
2876. Propranolol
2877. Acebutolol and Esmolol
2878. CLASS III ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUGS
2879. TABLE 31.3: Summary of Selected Class III Antiarrhythmics
2880. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Amiodarone
2881. Core Drug Knowledge
2882. Pharmacotherapeutics
2883. Pharmacokinetics
2884. Pharmacodynamics
2885. Contraindications and Precautions
2886. Adverse Effects
2887. Drug Interactions
2888. TABLE 31.4: Agents That Interact with Amiodarone
2889. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
2890. Health Status
2891. Life Span and Gender
2892. Environment
2893. Culture and Inherited Traits
2894. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
2895. Planning and Intervention
2896. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
2897. Minimizing Adverse Effects
2898. ORAL AND INTRAVENOUS DOSES
2899. ORAL DOSES
2900. INTRAVENOUS DOSES
2901. Providing Patient and Family Education
2902. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
2903. Drugs Closely Related to Amiodarone
2904. Sotalol
2905. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: AMIODARONE THERAPY
2906. MEMORY CHIP : Amiodarone
2907. Ibutilide
2908. Dofetilide
2909. Dronedarone
2910. Bretylium
2911. CLASS IV ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUGS
2912. TABLE 31.5: Summary of Selected Class IV Antiarrhythmics and Selected Other Calcium Channel Blocker
2913. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Verapamil
2914. Core Drug Knowledge
2915. Pharmacotherapeutics
2916. Pharmacokinetics
2917. Pharmacodynamics
2918. Contraindications and Precautions
2919. Adverse Effects
2920. Drug Interactions
2921. TABLE 31.6: Agents That Interact with Verapami
2922. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
2923. Health Status
2924. Life Span and Gender
2925. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
2926. Environment
2927. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
2928. Planning and Intervention
2929. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
2930. Minimizing Adverse Effects
2931. Providing Patient and Family Education
2932. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
2933. MEMORY CHIP : Verapamil
2934. Drug Closely Related to Verapamil
2935. Drug Significantly Different From Verapamil
2936. POTASSIUM-REMOVING RESINS TO PREVENT ARRHYTHMIAS
2937. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate
2938. Core Drug Knowledge
2939. Pharmacotherapeutics
2940. TABLE 31.7: Potassium-Removing Resin
2941. Pharmacokinetics
2942. Pharmacodynamics
2943. Contraindications and Precautions
2944. Adverse Effects
2945. Drug Interactions
2946. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
2947. Health Status
2948. Life Span and Gender
2949. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
2950. Environment
2951. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
2952. Planning and Intervention
2953. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
2954. MEMORY CHIP : Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate
2955. Minimizing Adverse Effects
2956. Providing Patient and Family Education
2957. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
2958. CHAPTER SUMMARY
2959. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
2960. NEED MORE HELP?
2961. REFERENCES
2962. 32: Drugs Affecting Coagulation
2963. Learning Objectives
2964. Key Terms
2965. Drugs Affecting Coagulation
2966. PHYSIOLOGY OF COAGULATION
2967. Blood Components and Balanced Blood Flow
2968. Clotting Cascade
2969. FIGURE 32.1
2970. Intrinsic Pathway
2971. Extrinsic Pathway
2972. Coagulation Inhibitors
2973. Hemolysis
2974. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
2975. Hypercoagulation
2976. Hypocoagulation
2977. DRUG THERAPY FOR HYPERCOAGULATION
2978. TABLE 32.1: Summary of Selected Drugs for Hypercoagulability
2979. ANTICOAGULANT DRUGS
2980. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Heparin
2981. Core Drug Knowledge
2982. Pharmacotherapeutics
2983. Pharmacokinetics
2984. Pharmacodynamics
2985. Contraindications and Precautions
2986. Adverse Effects
2987. Drug Interactions
2988. TABLE 32.2: Agents That Interact with Heparin
2989. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
2990. Health Status
2991. Life Span and Gender
2992. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
2993. Environment
2994. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
2995. Planning and Intervention
2996. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
2997. Minimizing Adverse Effects
2998. Providing Patient and Family Education
2999. Box 32.1: ARESEARCH-BASED SUBCUTANEOUSN ADMINISTRATION TECHNIQUES FOR HEPARIN
3000. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
3001. Drugs Closely Related to Heparin
3002. MEMORY CHIP : Heparin
3003. BOX 32.2: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
3004. Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins and Cancer Patients
3005. The Study
3006. Nursing Implications
3007. Enoxaparin
3008. BOX 32.3: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
3009. Enoxaparin at Home
3010. Dalteparin
3011. Tinzaparin
3012. Fondaparinux
3013. Drugs Significantly Different From Heparin
3014. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Warfarin
3015. Core Drug Knowledge
3016. Pharmacotherapeutics
3017. Pharmacodynamics
3018. Contraindications and Precautions
3019. Adverse Effects
3020. Drug Interactions
3021. TABLE 32.3: Agents That Interact with Warfarin
3022. TABLE 32.4: Interactions of Herbs and Warfarin*
3023. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
3024. Health Status
3025. Life Span and Gender
3026. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
3027. Environment
3028. Culture and Inherited Traits
3029. Nursing Diagnosis and Outcome
3030. Planning and Intervention
3031. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
3032. Minimizing Adverse Effects
3033. Box 32.4: CLINICAL GUIDELINE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR NON-THERAPEUTIC INR LEVELS
3034. Providing Patient and Family Education
3035. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
3036. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: SOLVING PROBLEMS RELATED TO ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY
3037. MEMORY CHIP : Warfarin
3038. Drug Significantly Different From Warfarin
3039. Anisindione
3040. ANTIPLATELET DRUGS
3041. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Clopidogrel
3042. Core Drug Knowledge
3043. Pharmacotherapeutics
3044. Pharmacokinetics
3045. Pharmacodynamics
3046. Contraindications and Precautions
3047. Adverse Effects
3048. Drug Interactions
3049. TABLE 32.5: Agents That Interact with Clopidogrel
3050. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
3051. Health Status
3052. Life Span and Gender
3053. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
3054. Environment
3055. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
3056. Planning and Intervention
3057. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
3058. Minimizing Adverse Effects
3059. Providing Patient and Family Education
3060. MEMORY CHIP : Clopidogrel
3061. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
3062. Drugs Closely Related to Clopidogrel
3063. Prasugrel
3064. Aspirin
3065. Cilostazol
3066. Ticlopidine
3067. Drugs Significantly Different From Clopidogrel
3068. Dipyridamole
3069. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors
3070. Anagrelide
3071. HEMORHEOLOGIC DRUGS
3072. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Pentoxifylline
3073. Core Drug Knowledge
3074. Pharmacotherapeutics
3075. Pharmacokinetics
3076. Pharmacodynamics
3077. Contraindications and Precautions
3078. Adverse Effects
3079. Drug Interactions
3080. TABLE 32.6: Agents That Interact with Pentoxifylline
3081. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
3082. Health Status
3083. Life Span and Gender
3084. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
3085. Environment
3086. Nursing Diagnosis and Outcome
3087. Planning and Intervention
3088. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
3089. Minimizing Adverse Effects
3090. Providing Patient and Family Education
3091. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
3092. MEMORY CHIP : Pentoxifylline
3093. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
3094. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Alteplase, Recombinant
3095. Core Drug Knowledge
3096. Pharmacotherapeutics
3097. Box 32.5: MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS RECEIVING ALTEPLASE, RECOMBINANT, FOR TREATMENT OF ISCHEMIC STROKE
3098. Pharmacokinetics
3099. Pharmacodynamics
3100. Contraindications and Precautions
3101. Adverse Effects
3102. Drug Interactions
3103. TABLE 32.7: Agents That Interact with Alteplase
3104. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
3105. Health Status
3106. Life Span and Gender
3107. Environment
3108. Nursing Diagnosis and Outcome
3109. Planning and Intervention
3110. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
3111. Minimizing Adverse Effects
3112. Providing Patient and Family Education
3113. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
3114. MEMORY CHIP : Alteplase, Recombinant
3115. Drugs Closely Related to Alteplase, Recombinant
3116. Thrombolytic Enzymes: Streptokinase, Urokinase, and Anistreplase
3117. Drug Significantly Different From Alteplase, Recombinant
3118. Drotrecogin Alfa (Activated)
3119. DRUG THERAPY FOR HYPOCOAGULATION
3120. TABLE 32.8: Summary of Selected Drugs for Hypocoagulation
3121. CLOTTING FACTORS
3122. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Antihemophilic Factor
3123. Core Drug Knowledge
3124. Pharmacotherapeutics
3125. Pharmacokinetics
3126. Pharmacodynamics
3127. Contraindications and Precautions
3128. Adverse Effects
3129. Drug Interactions
3130. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
3131. Health Status
3132. Life Span and Gender
3133. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
3134. Environment
3135. Culture and Inherited Traits
3136. Nursing Diagnosis and Outcome
3137. Planning and Intervention
3138. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
3139. Minimizing Adverse Effects
3140. Providing Patient and Family Education
3141. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
3142. Drugs Closely Related to Antihemophilic Factor
3143. MEMORY CHIP : Antihemophilic Factor
3144. Anti-Inhibitor Coagulant Factor
3145. HEMOSTATIC DRUGS
3146. TABLE 32.9: Topical Hemostatic Agents
3147. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Aminocaproic Acid
3148. Core Drug Knowledge
3149. Pharmacotherapeutics
3150. Pharmacokinetics
3151. Pharmacodynamics
3152. Contraindications and Precautions
3153. Adverse Effects
3154. Drug Interactions
3155. TABLE 32.10: Agents That Interact with Aminocaproic Acid
3156. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
3157. Health Status
3158. Life Span and Gender
3159. Environment
3160. Nursing Diagnosis and Outcome
3161. Planning and Intervention
3162. Minimizing Adverse Effects
3163. Providing Patient and Family Education
3164. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
3165. Drugs Closely Related to Aminocaproic Acid
3166. MEMORY CHIP : Aminocaproic Acid
3167. CHAPTER SUMMARY
3168. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
3169. NEED MORE HELP?
3170. REFERENCES
3171. 33: Drugs Affecting Hematopoiesis
3172. Learning Objectives
3173. Key Terms
3174. Drugs Affecting Hematopoiesis
3175. TABLE 33.1: Understanding Drug Therapy That Affects Blood Cells
3176. PHYSIOLOGY
3177. Hematopoietic Cells
3178. FIGURE 33.1
3179. Barrier Defenses
3180. Nonspecific Immune Responses
3181. Specific Immune Responses
3182. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
3183. TABLE 33.2: Summary of Selected Hematopoietic Agents
3184. ERYTHROPOIESIS STIMULANTS
3185. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Epoetin Alfa
3186. Core Drug Knowledge
3187. Pharmacotherapeutics
3188. Pharmacokinetics
3189. Pharmacodynamics
3190. Contraindications and Precautions
3191. Adverse Effects
3192. Drug Interactions
3193. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
3194. Health Status
3195. Life Span and Gender
3196. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
3197. Environment
3198. Culture and Inherited Traits
3199. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
3200. Planning and Intervention
3201. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
3202. Minimizing Adverse Effects
3203. Providing Patient and Family Education
3204. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
3205. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: EPOETIN ALFA AND IRON DEFICIENCY
3206. Drug Closely Related to Epoetin Alfa
3207. MEMORY CHIP : Epoetin Alfa
3208. COLONY-STIMULATING FACTORS
3209. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Filgrastim
3210. Core Drug Knowledge
3211. Pharmacotherapeutics
3212. Pharmacokinetics
3213. Pharmacodynamics
3214. Contraindications and Precautions
3215. BOX 33.1: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
3216. Determining Cost-effective Treatment in Breast Cancer
3217. The Study
3218. Nursing Implication
3219. Adverse Effects
3220. Drug Interactions
3221. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
3222. Health Status
3223. Life Span and Gender
3224. Environment
3225. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
3226. Planning and Intervention
3227. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
3228. Minimizing Adverse Effects
3229. Providing Patient and Family Education
3230. BOX 33.2: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
3231. Keeping Neutropenic Patients Infection Free
3232. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
3233. Drugs Closely Related to Filgrastim
3234. Pegfilgrastim
3235. MEMORY CHIP : Filgrastim
3236. Sargramostim
3237. INTERLEUKINS
3238. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Oprelvekin
3239. Core Drug Knowledge
3240. Pharmacotherapeutics
3241. Pharmacokinetics
3242. Pharmacodynamics
3243. Contraindications and Precautions
3244. Adverse Effects
3245. Drug Interactions
3246. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
3247. Health Status
3248. Life Span and Gender
3249. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
3250. Environment
3251. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
3252. Planning and Intervention
3253. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
3254. Minimizing Adverse Effects
3255. Providing Patient and Family Education
3256. MEMORY CHIP : Oprelvekin (lnterleukin-11)
3257. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
3258. CHAPTER SUMMARY
3259. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
3260. NEED MORE HELP?
3261. REFERENCES
3262. UNIT 8: Respiratory System Drugs
3263. 34: Drugs Affecting the Upper Respiratory System
3264. Learning Objectives
3265. Key Terms
3266. Drugs Affecting the Upper Respiratory System
3267. PHYSIOLOGY
3268. FIGURE 34.1
3269. Air Filtration
3270. Other Air-Purifying Mechanisms
3271. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
3272. Common Cold
3273. Allergic or Seasonal Rhinitis
3274. Sinusitis
3275. Pharyngitis
3276. Laryngitis
3277. Influenza
3278. ANTITUSSIVE DRUGS
3279. TABLE 34.1: Summary of Selected Antitussives
3280. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Dextromethorphan
3281. Core Drug Knowledge
3282. Pharmacotherapeutics
3283. Pharmacokinetics
3284. Pharmacodynamics
3285. Contraindications and Precautions
3286. Adverse Effects
3287. Box 34.1: DEXTROMETHORPHAN POISONING
3288. Drug Interactions
3289. TABLE 34.2: Agents That Interact with Dextromethorphan
3290. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
3291. Health Status
3292. Life Span and Gender
3293. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
3294. Environment
3295. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
3296. Planning and Intervention
3297. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
3298. Minimizing Adverse Effects
3299. Providing Patient and Family Education
3300. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
3301. Drugs Closely Related to Dextromethorphan
3302. Codeine
3303. MEMORY CHIP : Dextromethorphan
3304. Hydrocodone Bitartrate
3305. Drug Significantly Different From Dextromethorphan
3306. Benzonatate
3307. DECONGESTANT DRUGS
3308. Box 34.2: COMBAT METHAMPHETAMINE EPIDEMIC ACT
3309. TABLE 34.3: Over-The-Counter Drugs Available From the Pharmacy
3310. TABLE 34.4: Summary of Selected Decongestants
3311. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Pseudoephedrine
3312. Core Drug Knowledge
3313. Pharmacotherapeutics
3314. Pharmacokinetics
3315. Pharmacodynamlcs
3316. Contraindications and Precautions
3317. Adverse Effects
3318. Drug Interactions
3319. TABLE 34.5: Agents That Interact with Pseudoephedrine
3320. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
3321. Health Status
3322. Life Span and Gender
3323. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
3324. Environment
3325. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
3326. Planning and Intervention
3327. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
3328. Minimizing Adverse Effects
3329. Providing Patient and Family Education
3330. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
3331. Drugs Closely Related to Pseudoephedrine
3332. Phenylephrine
3333. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: PROLONGED USE OF NASAL DECONGESTANTS
3334. MEMORY CHIP : Pseudoephedrine
3335. Topical Decongestant Drugs
3336. ANTIHISTAMINES
3337. TABLE 34.6: Summary of Selected Antihistamines
3338. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Fexofenadine
3339. Core Drug Knowledge
3340. Pharmacotherapeutics
3341. Pharmacokinetics
3342. Pharmacodynamics
3343. Contraindications and Precautions
3344. Adverse Effects
3345. Drug Interactions
3346. TABLE 34.7: Agents That Interact with Fexofenadine
3347. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
3348. Health Status
3349. Life Span and Gender
3350. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
3351. Environment
3352. Nursing Diagnosis and Outcome
3353. Planning and Intervention
3354. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
3355. Minimizing Adverse Effects
3356. Providing Patient and Family Education
3357. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
3358. MEMORY CHIP : Fexofenadine
3359. Drugs Closely Related to Fexofenadine
3360. Azelastine
3361. Cetirizine
3362. Desloratadine
3363. Levocetirizine (Xyzal)
3364. Loratadine
3365. Drugs Significantly Different From Fexofenadine
3366. Brompheniramine, Chlorpheniramine, and Dexchlorpheniramine
3367. Diphenhydramine
3368. Ophthalmic Antihistamines and Mast Cell Stabilizers
3369. Inhaled Nasal Steroids
3370. Inhaled Mast Cell Stabilizer
3371. Ophthalmic Mast Cell Stabilizers
3372. EXPECTORANT DRUGS
3373. TABLE 34.8: Summary of Selected Expectorants
3374. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Guaifenesin
3375. Core Drug Knowledge
3376. Pharmacotherapeutics
3377. Pharmacokinetics
3378. Pharmacodynamics
3379. Contraindications and Precautions
3380. Adverse Effects
3381. Drug Interactions
3382. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
3383. Health Status
3384. Life Span and Gender
3385. Lifestyle, Diet and Habits
3386. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
3387. Planning and Intervention
3388. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
3389. Minimizing Adverse Effects
3390. Providing Patient and Family Education
3391. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
3392. Drugs Closely Related to Guaifenesin
3393. Terpin Hydrate
3394. MEMORY CHIP : Guaifenesin
3395. Iodine Preparations
3396. CHAPTER SUMMARY
3397. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
3398. NEED MORE HELP?
3399. REFERENCES
3400. 35: Drugs Affecting the Lower Respiratory System
3401. Learning Objectives
3402. Key Terms
3403. Drugs Affecting the Lower Respiratory System
3404. PHYSIOLOGY
3405. FIGURE 35.1
3406. Protective Mechanisms
3407. Gas Exchange, Perfusion, and Respiration
3408. Ventilation
3409. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
3410. Acute Bronchitis
3411. Asthma
3412. Box 35.1: CLASSIFICATION OF ASTHMA SEVERITY
3413. Box 35.2: STEPWISE APPROACH TO ASTHMA THERAPY
3414. Chronic Airway Limitation
3415. Chronic Bronchitis
3416. Emphysema
3417. Pneumonia
3418. Cystic Fibrosis
3419. MUCOLYTIC DRUGS
3420. TABLE 35.1: Summary of Selected Mucolytics
3421. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Acetylcysteine
3422. Core Drug Knowledge
3423. Pharmacotherapeutics
3424. Pharmacokinetics
3425. Pharmacodynamics
3426. Contraindications and Precautions
3427. Adverse Effects
3428. Drug Interactions
3429. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
3430. Health Status
3431. Life Span and Gender
3432. Environment
3433. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
3434. Planning and Intervention
3435. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
3436. Minimizing Adverse Effects
3437. Providing Patient and Family Education
3438. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
3439. Drug Closely Related to Acetylcysteine
3440. MEMORY CHIP : Acetylcysteine
3441. BRONCHODILATORS
3442. Table 35.2: Summary of Selected Bronchodilators
3443. Beta Agonists (Sympathomimetics)
3444. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Albuterol
3445. Core Drug Knowledge
3446. Pharmacotherapeutics
3447. Pharmacokinetics
3448. Box 35.3: TYPES OF INHALATION DEVICES
3449. Metered-dose inhaler (MDI)
3450. Dry-powder inhaler (DPI)
3451. Nebulizer
3452. Pharmacodynamics
3453. FIGURE 35.2
3454. Contraindications and Precautions
3455. Adverse Effects
3456. Drug Interactions
3457. TABLE 35.3: Agents That Interact with Albuterol
3458. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
3459. Health Status
3460. Life Span and Gender
3461. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
3462. Environment
3463. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
3464. Planning and Intervention
3465. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
3466. Minimizing Adverse Effects
3467. Providing Patient and Family Education
3468. BOX 35.4: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
3469. How to Use an Inhaler
3470. Metered-Dose Inhaler (MDI)
3471. Dry-Powder Inhaler (DPI)
3472. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
3473. Box 35.5: INHALER BASICS
3474. How to Care for Your Inhaler
3475. Drugs Closely Related to Albuterol
3476. Short-Acting Beta-2 Agonists
3477. Epinephrine
3478. MEMORY CHIP : Albuterol
3479. Levalbuterol
3480. Pirbuterol
3481. Terbutaline
3482. Long-Acting Beta-2 Agonists
3483. Arformoterol
3484. Formoterol
3485. Salmeterol
3486. Respiratory Anticholinergic Agents
3487. TABLE 35.4: Summary of Selected Anticholinergic Agents
3488. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Ipratropium Bromide
3489. Core Drug Knowledge
3490. Pharmacotherapeutics
3491. Pharmacokinetics
3492. Pharmacodynamics
3493. Contraindications and Precautions
3494. Adverse Effects
3495. Drug Interactions
3496. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
3497. Health Status
3498. Life Span and Gender
3499. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
3500. Environment
3501. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
3502. Planning and Intervention
3503. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
3504. Minimizing Adverse Effects
3505. Providing Patient and Family Education
3506. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
3507. Drug Closely Related to Ipratropium Bromide
3508. Tiotropium
3509. MEMORY CHIP : Ipratropium Bromide
3510. Xanthine Derivatives
3511. TABLE 35.5: Summary of Selected Xanthine Derivatives
3512. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Theophylline
3513. Core Drug Knowledge
3514. Pharmacotherapeutics
3515. Pharmacokinetics
3516. Pharmacodynamics
3517. Contraindications and Precautions
3518. Adverse Effects
3519. Drug Interactions
3520. TABLE 35.6: Agents That Interact with Theophylline
3521. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
3522. Health Status
3523. Life Span and Gender
3524. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
3525. Environment
3526. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
3527. Planning and Intervention
3528. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
3529. BOX 35.6: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
3530. Using a Peak Flow Meter
3531. Minimizing Adverse Effects
3532. Providing Patient and Family Education
3533. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: THINKING ABOUT THEOPHYLLINE AND OTHER ASTHMA THERAPIES
3534. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
3535. Drugs Closely Related to Theophylline
3536. Aminophylline
3537. Dyphylline
3538. Caffeine
3539. MEMORY CHIP : Theophylline
3540. ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS
3541. Inhaled Glucocorticoid Steroids
3542. TABLE 35.7: Summary of Selected Inhaled Steroids
3543. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Flunisolide
3544. Core Drug Knowledge
3545. Pharmacotherapeutlcs
3546. Pharmacokinetics
3547. Pharmacodynamics
3548. Contraindications and Precautions
3549. Adverse Effects
3550. Drug Interactions
3551. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
3552. Health Status
3553. Life Span and Gender
3554. Lifestyle, Diet and Habits
3555. Environment
3556. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
3557. Planning and Intervention
3558. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
3559. Minimizing Adverse Effects
3560. Providing Patient and Family Education
3561. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
3562. Drugs Closely Related to Flunisolide
3563. Beclomethasone
3564. Budesonide
3565. MEMORY CHIP : Flunisolide
3566. Ciclesonide
3567. Fluticasone
3568. Mometasone
3569. Triamcinolone
3570. Mast Cell Stabilizers
3571. TABLE 35.8: Summary of Selected Mast Cell Stabilizers
3572. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Cromolyn Sodium
3573. Core Drug Knowledge
3574. Pharmacotherapeutics
3575. Pharmacokinetics
3576. Pharmacodynamics
3577. Contraindications and Precautions
3578. Adverse Effects
3579. Drug Interactions
3580. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
3581. Health Status
3582. Life Span and Gender
3583. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
3584. Environment
3585. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
3586. Planning and Intervention
3587. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
3588. Minimizing Adverse Effects
3589. Providing Patient and Family Education
3590. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
3591. MEMORY CHIP : Cromolyn Sodium
3592. Drug Significantly Different From Cromolyn Sodium
3593. Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists
3594. TABLE 35.9: Summary of Selected Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists
3595. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Zafirlukast
3596. Core Drug Knowledge
3597. Pharmacotherapeutics
3598. Pharmacokinetics
3599. Pharmacodynamics
3600. Contraindications and Precautions
3601. Adverse Effects
3602. Drug Interactions
3603. TABLE 35.10: Agents That Interact with Zafirlukast
3604. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
3605. Health Status
3606. Life Span and Gender
3607. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
3608. Environment
3609. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
3610. Planning and Intervention
3611. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
3612. Minimizing Adverse Effects
3613. Providing Patient and Family Education
3614. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
3615. Drugs Closely Related to Zafirlukast
3616. Montelukast
3617. Zileuton
3618. MEMORY CHIP : Zafirlukast
3619. CHAPTER SUMMARY
3620. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
3621. NEED MORE HELP?
3622. REFERENCES
3623. UNIT 9: Gastrointestinal Tract Drugs
3624. 36: Drugs Affecting the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
3625. Learning Objectives
3626. Key Terms
3627. Drugs Affecting the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
3628. PHYSIOLOGY
3629. FIGURE 36.1
3630. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
3631. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
3632. Helicobacter pylori Infection
3633. TABLE 36.1: Therapies for Helicobacter pylori Infection Approved by the Food and Drug Administration
3634. Peptic Ulcer Disease
3635. Pancreatitis
3636. Obesity
3637. Nausea and Vomiting
3638. PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS
3639. TABLE 36.2: Summary of Selected Proton Pump Inhibitors
3640. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Omeprazole
3641. Core Drug Knowledge
3642. Pharmacotherapeutics
3643. Pharmacokinetics
3644. Pharmacodynamics
3645. Contraindications and Precautions
3646. Adverse Effects
3647. Drug Interactions
3648. TABLE 36.3: Agents That Interact with Omeprazole
3649. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
3650. Health Status
3651. Life Span and Gender
3652. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
3653. Environment
3654. Culture and Inherited Traits
3655. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
3656. Planning and Intervention
3657. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
3658. Minimizing Adverse Effects
3659. Providing Patient and Family Education
3660. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
3661. Drugs Closely Related to Omeprazole
3662. Esomeprazole
3663. Lansoprazole
3664. Rabeprazole
3665. Pantoprazole
3666. MEMORY CHIP : Omeprazole
3667. Drug Significantly Different From Omeprazole
3668. TABLE 36.4: Summary of Miscellaneous Drugs Used to Treat Ulcers
3669. HISTAMINE-2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS
3670. TABLE 36.5: Summary of Selected Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists
3671. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Ranitidine
3672. Core Drug Knowledge
3673. Pharmacotherapeutlcs
3674. Pharmacokinetics
3675. Pharmacodynamics
3676. Contraindications and Precautions
3677. Adverse Effects
3678. Drug Interactions
3679. TABLE 36.6: Agents That Interact with Ranitidine
3680. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
3681. Health Status
3682. Life Span and Gender
3683. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
3684. Environment
3685. Culture and Inherited Traits
3686. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
3687. Planning and Intervention
3688. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
3689. Minimizing Adverse Effects
3690. Providing Patient and Family Education
3691. BOX 36.1: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
3692. Using Over-the-Counter (OTC) Gastrointestinal Drugs Responsibly
3693. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
3694. Drugs Closely Related to Ranitidine
3695. Cimetidine
3696. MEMORY CHIP : Ranitidine
3697. Famotidine
3698. Nizatidine
3699. Drug Significantly Different From Ranitidine
3700. ANTACIDS
3701. TABLE 36.7: Summary of Selected Antacids
3702. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Aluminum Hydroxide with Magnesium Hydroxide
3703. Core Drug Knowledge
3704. Pharmacotherapeutics
3705. Pharmacokinetics
3706. Pharmacodynamics
3707. Contraindications and Precautions
3708. Adverse Effects
3709. Drug Interactions
3710. TABLE 36.8: Agents That Interact with Antacids
3711. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
3712. Health Status
3713. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
3714. Environment
3715. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
3716. Planning and Intervention
3717. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
3718. Minimizing Adverse Effects
3719. Providing Patient and Family Education
3720. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
3721. MEMORY CHIP : Aluminum Hydroxide with Magnesium Hydroxide
3722. Drugs Closely Related to Aluminum Hydroxide with Magnesium Hydroxide
3723. Box 36.2: ACID-NEUTALIZING CAPACITY OF ANTACIDS
3724. PROKINETIC AGENTS
3725. TABLE 36.9: Overview of Metoclopromide
3726. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Metoclopramide
3727. Core Drug Knowledge
3728. Pharmacotherapeutics
3729. Pharmacokinetics
3730. Pharmacodynamics
3731. Contraindications and Precautions
3732. Adverse Effects
3733. Drug Interactions
3734. TABLE 36.10: Agents That Interact with Metoclopramide
3735. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
3736. Health Status
3737. Life Span and Gender
3738. Environment
3739. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
3740. Planning and Intervention
3741. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
3742. Minimizing Adverse Effects
3743. Providing Patient and Family Education
3744. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
3745. Drug Significantly Different From Metoclopramide
3746. Cisapride
3747. MEMORY CHIP : Metoclopramide
3748. DIGESTIVE ENZYMES
3749. TABLE 36.11: Summary of Selected Digestive Enzymes
3750. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Pancrelipase
3751. Core Drug Knowledge
3752. Pharmacotherapeutics
3753. Pharmacokinetics
3754. Pharmacodynamics
3755. Contraindications and Precautions
3756. Adverse Effects
3757. Drug Interactions
3758. TABLE 36.12: Agents That Interact with Pancrelipase
3759. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
3760. Health Status
3761. Life Span and Gender
3762. Environment
3763. Culture and Inherited Traits
3764. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
3765. Planning and Intervention
3766. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
3767. Minimizing Adverse Effects
3768. Providing Patient and Family Education
3769. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
3770. Drug Closely Related to Pancrelipase
3771. DRUGS FOR WEIGHT MANAGEMENT
3772. TABLE 36.13: Summary of Selected Drugs for Weight Management
3773. MEMORY CHIP : Pancrelipase
3774. Lipase Inhibitors
3775. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Orlistat
3776. Core Drug Knowledge
3777. Pharmacotherapeutics
3778. Pharmacokinetics
3779. Pharmacodynamics
3780. Contraindications and Precautions
3781. Adverse Effects
3782. Drug Interactions
3783. TABLE 36.14: Agents That Interact with Orlistat
3784. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
3785. Health Status
3786. Life Span and Gender
3787. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
3788. Environment
3789. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
3790. Planning and Intervention
3791. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
3792. Minimizing Adverse Effects
3793. Providing Patient and Family Education
3794. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
3795. Drugs Significantly Different From Orlistat
3796. Adrenergic Drugs
3797. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: ADVERSE EFFECTS FROM ORLISTAT
3798. Amphetamines
3799. Antidepressant Drugs
3800. MEMORY CHIP : Orlistat
3801. ANTIEMETICS
3802. TABLE 36.15: Summary of Selected Antiemetics
3803. Selective Serotonin Receptor Antagonists
3804. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Ondansetron
3805. Core Drug Knowledge
3806. Pharmacotherapeutics
3807. BOX 36.3: FOCUS ON REASEARCH
3808. Control of Stress-Related Gastrointestinal Bleeding in the Critical Care Setting
3809. The Study
3810. Nursing Implications
3811. Pharmacokinetics
3812. Pharmacodynamics
3813. Contraindications and Precautions
3814. Adverse Effects
3815. Drug Interactions
3816. TABLE 36.16: Drugs that Interact with Ondansetron
3817. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
3818. Health Status
3819. Life Span and Gender
3820. Environment
3821. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
3822. Planning and Intervention
3823. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
3824. Minimizing Adverse Effects
3825. Providing Patient and Family Education
3826. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
3827. Drugs Closely Related to Ondansetron
3828. Dolasetron
3829. Granisetron
3830. Palonosetron
3831. Drugs Significantly Different From Ondansetron
3832. Aprepitant
3833. MEMORY CHIP : Ondansetron
3834. Antidopaminergic Drugs
3835. Anticholinergic Drugs
3836. Cannabinoids
3837. Glucocorticoid Steroids
3838. Olanzapine
3839. GALLSTONE-SOLUBILIZING AGENTS
3840. TABLE 36.17: Summary of Selected Gallstone-Solubilizing Agents
3841. CHAPTER SUMMARY
3842. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
3843. NEED MORE HELP?
3844. REFERENCES
3845. 37: Drugs Affecting the Lower Gastrointestinal Tract
3846. Learning Objectives
3847. Key Terms
3848. Drugs Affecting the Lower Gastrointestinal Tract
3849. PHYSIOLOGY
3850. FIGURE 37.1
3851. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
3852. Flatus
3853. Diarrhea
3854. Constipation and Fecal Impaction
3855. Box 37.1: CAUSES OF CONSTIPATION
3856. Colonic Disorders
3857. Metabolic/Endocrine Systemic Disorders
3858. Neurologic Disorders
3859. Drug Induced
3860. Irritable Bowel Syndrome
3861. Box 37.2: ROME III CRITERIA USED IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME
3862. Inflammatory Bowel Disease
3863. Post-operative Ileus
3864. ANTIFLATULENTS
3865. TABLE 37.1: Summary of Selected Antiflatulent Drugs
3866. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Simethicone
3867. Core Drug Knowledge
3868. Pharmacotherapeutics
3869. Pharmacokinetics
3870. Pharmacodynamics
3871. Contraindications and Precautions
3872. Adverse Effects
3873. Drug Interactions
3874. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
3875. Health Status
3876. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
3877. Environment
3878. Nursing Diagnosis and Outcome
3879. Planning and Intervention
3880. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
3881. Providing Patient and Family Education
3882. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
3883. Drug Closely Related to Simethicone
3884. MEMORY CHIP : Simethicone
3885. ANTIDIARRHEALS
3886. TABLE 37.2: Summary of Selected Antidiarrheal Drugs
3887. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Diphenoxylate HCl with Atropine Sulfate
3888. Core Drug Knowledge
3889. Pharmacotherapeutics
3890. Pharmacokinetics
3891. Pharmacodynamics
3892. Contraindications and Precautions
3893. Adverse Effects
3894. Drug Interactions
3895. TABLE 37.3: Agents That Interact with Diphenoxylate HCl with Atropine Sulfate
3896. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
3897. Health Status
3898. Life Span and Gender
3899. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
3900. Environment
3901. Culture and Inherited Traits
3902. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
3903. Planning and Intervention
3904. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
3905. Minimizing Adverse Effects
3906. Providing Patient and Family Education
3907. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: DIPHENOXYLATE IN ANTIDIARRHEALTHERAPY
3908. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
3909. Drug Closely Related to Diphenoxylate HCl with Atropine Sulfate
3910. Loperamide
3911. MEMORY CHIP : Diphenoxylate HCI with Atropine Sulfate
3912. Drugs Significantly Different From Diphenoxylate HCI with Atropine Sulfate
3913. Bismuth Subsalicylate
3914. Kaolin and Pectin
3915. LAXATIVES
3916. TABLE 37.4: Summary of Selected Laxatives
3917. Saline Laxatives
3918. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Magnesium Hydroxide
3919. Core Drug Knowledge
3920. Pharmacotherapeutics
3921. Pharmacokinetics
3922. Pharmacodynamics
3923. Contraindications and Precautions
3924. Adverse Effects
3925. Drug Interactions
3926. TABLE 37.5: Agents That Interact with Magnesium Hydroxide
3927. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
3928. Health Status
3929. Life Span and Gender
3930. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
3931. Environment
3932. Culture and Inherited Traits
3933. Nursing Diagnosis and Outcome
3934. Planning and Intervention
3935. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
3936. Minimizing Adverse Effects
3937. Providing Patient and Family Education
3938. BOX 37.3: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
3939. Educating Patients in the Community About Laxative Use
3940. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
3941. Drugs Closely Related to Magnesium Hydroxide
3942. Other Saline Laxatives
3943. Hyperosmotic Laxatives
3944. MEMORY CHIP : Magnesium Hydroxide
3945. Drugs Significantly Different From Magnesium Hydroxide
3946. Stimulant (Irritant) Laxatives
3947. Bulk-Forming Laxatives
3948. Stool Softeners
3949. Emollient (Lubricant) Laxatives
3950. Bowel Evacuants
3951. Peripherally Selective Mu (μ) Opioid Receptor Antagonist
3952. BOX 37.4: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
3953. Management of Opioid Induced Constipation
3954. The Study
3955. Nursing Implications
3956. DRUGS USED TO TREAT IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME
3957. TABLE 37.6: Summary of Selected Drugs to Treat Irritable Bowel Syndrome
3958. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Alosetron
3959. Core Drug Knowledge
3960. Pharmacotherapeutlcs
3961. Pharmacokinetics
3962. Pharmacodynamics
3963. Contraindications and Precautions
3964. Adverse Effects
3965. Drug Interactions
3966. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
3967. Health Status
3968. Life Span and Gender
3969. Nursing Diagnosis and Outcome
3970. Planning and Intervention
3971. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
3972. Minimizing Adverse Effects
3973. Providing Patient and Family Education
3974. Ongoing Evaluation and Assessment
3975. Drugs Significantly Different From Alosetron
3976. Dicyclomine
3977. MEMORY CHIP : Alosetron
3978. Laxatives and Antidiarrheals
3979. Selective Chloride Channel Activator
3980. Tricyclic Antidepressants
3981. DRUGS USED TO TREAT INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
3982. TABLE 37.7: Summary of Selected Drugs to Treat Inflammatory Bowel Disease
3983. 5-ASA Preparations
3984. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Mesalamine
3985. Core Drug Knowledge
3986. Pharmacotherapeutics
3987. Pharmacokinetics
3988. Pharmacodynamics
3989. Contraindications and Precautions
3990. Adverse Effects
3991. Drug Interactions
3992. TABLE 37.8: Agents That Interact with Mesalamine
3993. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
3994. Health Status
3995. Life Span and Gender
3996. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
3997. Planning and Intervention
3998. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
3999. Minimizing Adverse Effects
4000. Providing Patient and Family Education
4001. Ongoing Evaluation and Assessment
4002. Drugs Closely Related to Mesalamine
4003. Balsalazide
4004. MEMORY CHIP : Mesalamine
4005. Olsalazine
4006. Sulfasalazine
4007. Drugs Significantly Different From Mesalamine
4008. Infliximab
4009. Certolizumab
4010. CHAPTER SUMMARY
4011. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
4012. NEED MORE HELP?
4013. REFERENCES
4014. UNIT 10: Antimicrobial Drugs
4015. 38: Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy
4016. Learning Objectives
4017. Key Terms
4018. CLASSIFICATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS
4019. Classification by Susceptible Organism
4020. TABLE 38.1: Classification of Antimicrobial Drugs by Susceptible Organism
4021. Classification by Mechanism of Action
4022. TABLE 38.2: Classification of Antimicrobial Drugs by Mechanism of Action
4023. Inhibition of Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis
4024. Inhibition of Protein Synthesis
4025. Inhibition of Nucleic Acid Synthesis
4026. Inhibition of Metabolic Pathways (Antimetabolites)
4027. Disruption of Cell Wall Permeability
4028. Inhibition of Viral Enzymes
4029. SELECTIVE TOXICITY
4030. ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE
4031. Box 38.1: TWELVE STEPS FOR PREVENTION OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN HOSPITALIZED ADULTS
4032. Prevent Infection
4033. Step 1. Vaccinate
4034. Step 2. Get the Catheters Out
4035. Diagnose and Treat Infection Effectively
4036. Step 3. Target the Pathogen
4037. Step 4. Access the Experts
4038. Use Antimicrobials Wisely
4039. Step 5. Practice Antimicrobial Control
4040. Step 6. Use Local Data
4041. Step 7. Treat Infection, Not Contamination
4042. Step 8. Treat Infection, Not Colonization
4043. Step 9. Know When to Say “No” to Vanco
4044. Step 10. Stop Antimicrobial Treatment
4045. Prevent Transmission
4046. Step 11. Isolate the Pathogen
4047. Step 12. Break the Chain of Contagion
4048. Contributing Factors
4049. Production of Drug-Inactivating Enzymes
4050. Changes in Receptor Structure
4051. Changes in Drug Permeation and Transport
4052. Development of Alternative Metabolic Pathways
4053. Emergence of Drug-Resistant Microbes
4054. Factors That Facilitate the Development of Resistance
4055. COMMON ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT MICROBIAL INFECTIONS
4056. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)
4057. Penicillin-Resistant Streptococcus Pneumoniae
4058. Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus (VRE)
4059. Multiple Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MDR-TB)
4060. Nosocomial Infections
4061. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR SELECTING ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY
4062. Identification of the Pathogen
4063. FIGURE 38.1
4064. Drug Susceptibility
4065. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: WORKING WITH CULTURE AND SENSITIVITY REPORTS
4066. Disk Diffusion Test
4067. FIGURE 38.2
4068. Broth Dilution Procedure
4069. FIGURE 38.3
4070. Drug Spectrum
4071. Drug Dose
4072. Duration
4073. Site of Infection
4074. Patient Assessment
4075. Health Status
4076. Life Span and Gender
4077. Environment
4078. Culture and Inherited Traits
4079. MONITORING ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY
4080. CHAPTER SUMMARY
4081. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
4082. NEED MORE HELP?
4083. REFERENCES
4084. 39: Antibiotics Affecting the Bacterial Cell Wall
4085. Learning Objectives
4086. Key Terms
4087. Antibiotic Affecting the Bacterial Cell Wall
4088. PHYSIOLOGY
4089. Bacterial Cell Envelope
4090. FIGURE 39.1
4091. Bacterial Enzymes
4092. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
4093. PENICILLINS
4094. TABLE 39.1: Summary of Selected Penicillins and Other Beta-Lactam Antibiotics
4095. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Penicillin G
4096. Core Drug Knowledge
4097. Pharmacotherapeutics
4098. Pharmacokinetics
4099. Pharmacodynamics
4100. Contraindications and Precautions
4101. Adverse Effects
4102. Drug Interactions
4103. TABLE 39.2: Agents That Interact with Penicillin G
4104. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
4105. Health Status
4106. Life Span and Gender
4107. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
4108. Environment
4109. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
4110. Planning and Intervention
4111. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
4112. Minimizing Adverse Effects
4113. Providing Patient and Family Education
4114. BOX 39.1: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
4115. Taking Antibiotics Safely
4116. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
4117. MEMORY CHIP : Penicilin G
4118. Drugs Closely Related to Penicillin G
4119. Other Narrow-Spectrum Penicillins
4120. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: IMPLEMENTING PENICILLIN V THERAPY
4121. Broad-Spectrum Penicillins (Aminopenicillins)
4122. Extended-Spectrum Penicillins (Antipseudomonal Penicillins)
4123. Penicillinase-Resistant Penicillins (Antistaphylococcal Penicillins)
4124. Drugs Significantly Different From Penicillin G
4125. Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors
4126. BOX 39.2: COMBINATION DRUGS WITH BETA-LACTAMASE INHIBITORS
4127. Bacitracln
4128. MONOBACTAM ANTIBIOTICS
4129. CARBAPENEMS
4130. Cilastatin-Imipenem
4131. Doripenem
4132. Ertapenem
4133. Meropenem
4134. CEPHALOSPORINS
4135. TABLE 39.3: Summary of Selected Cephalosporins
4136. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Cefazolin
4137. Core Drug Knowledge
4138. Pharmacotherapeutics
4139. Pharmacokinetics
4140. Pharmacodynamics
4141. Contraindications and Precautions
4142. Adverse Effects
4143. Drug Interactions
4144. TABLE 39.4: Agents That Interact with Cefazolin
4145. Effects on Test Results
4146. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
4147. Health Status
4148. Life Span and Gender
4149. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
4150. Environment
4151. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
4152. Planning and Intervention
4153. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
4154. Minimizing Adverse Effects
4155. MEMORY CHIP : Cefazolin
4156. Providing Patient and Family Education
4157. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
4158. Drugs Closely Related to Cefazolin
4159. First-Generation Cephalosporins
4160. Second-Generation Cephalosporins
4161. Third-Generation Cephalosporins
4162. Fourth-Generation Cephalosporins
4163. VANCOMYCIN
4164. TABLE 39.5: Overview Of Vancomycin
4165. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Vancomycin
4166. Core Drug Knowledge
4167. Pharmacotherapeutics
4168. Pharmacokinetics
4169. Pharmacodynamics
4170. Contraindications and Precautions
4171. Adverse Effects
4172. Drug Interactions
4173. TABLE 39.6: Agents That Interact With Vancomycin
4174. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
4175. Health Status
4176. Life Span and Gender
4177. Environment
4178. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
4179. Planning and Intervention
4180. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
4181. Minimizing Adverse Effects
4182. MEMORY CHIP : Vancomycin
4183. Providing Patient and Family Education
4184. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
4185. CHAPTER SUMMARY
4186. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
4187. NEED MORE HELP?
4188. REFERENCES
4189. 40: Antibiotics Affecting Protein Synthesis
4190. Learning Objectives
4191. Key Terms
4192. Antibiotic Affecting Protein Synthesis
4193. PHYSIOLOGY
4194. FIGURE 40.1
4195. AMINOGLYCOSIDES
4196. TABLE 40.1: Summary of Selected Aminoglycoside Antibiotics
4197. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving
4198. Core Drug Knowledge
4199. Pharmacotherapeutics
4200. Pharmacokinetics
4201. Pharmacodynamics
4202. Contraindications and Precautions
4203. Adverse Effects
4204. Drug Interactions
4205. TABLE 40.2: Agents That Interact with Gentamicin
4206. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
4207. Health Status
4208. Life Span and Gender
4209. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
4210. Environment
4211. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
4212. Planning and Intervention
4213. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
4214. Minimizing Adverse Effects
4215. Providing Patient and Family Education
4216. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
4217. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: EXPLAINING THE DRUG SELECTION PROCESS
4218. Drugs Closely Related to Gentamicin
4219. Amikacin
4220. Kanamycin
4221. Neomycin Sulfate
4222. Tobramycin
4223. MEMORY CHIP : Gentamicin
4224. Drugs Significantly Different From Gentamicin
4225. Paromomycin
4226. Streptomycin
4227. LINCOSAMIDES
4228. TABLE 40.3: Summary of Selected Lincosamide Antibiotics
4229. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Clindamycin
4230. Core Drug Knowledge
4231. Pharmacotherapeutics
4232. Pharmacokinetics
4233. Pharmacodynamics
4234. Contraindications and Precautions
4235. Adverse Effects
4236. Drug Interactions
4237. TABLE 40.4: Agents that Interact with Clindamycin
4238. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
4239. Health Status
4240. Life Span and Gender
4241. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
4242. Environment
4243. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
4244. Planning and Intervention
4245. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
4246. Minimizing Adverse Effects
4247. Providing Patient and Family Education
4248. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
4249. Drug Closely Related to Clindamycin
4250. MEMORY CHIP : Clindamycin
4251. MACROUDE ANTIBIOTICS
4252. TABLE 40.5: Summary of Selected Macrolide Antibiotics
4253. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Erythromycin
4254. Core Drug Knowledge
4255. Pharmacotherapeutics
4256. Pharmacokinetics
4257. Pharmacodynamics
4258. Contraindications and Precautions
4259. Adverse Effects
4260. Drug Interactions
4261. TABLE 40.6: Agents That Interact with Erythromycin
4262. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
4263. Health Status
4264. Life Span and Gender
4265. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
4266. Environment
4267. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
4268. Planning and Intervention
4269. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
4270. Minimizing Adverse Effects
4271. Providing Patient and Family Education
4272. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
4273. Drugs Closely Related to Erythromycin
4274. Azithromycin
4275. Clarithromycin
4276. MEMORY CHIP : Erythromycin
4277. Drug Significantly Different From Erythromycin
4278. OXAZOLIDINONES
4279. TABLE 40.7: Overview of Linezolid
4280. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Linezolid
4281. Core Drug Knowledge
4282. Pharmacotherapeutics
4283. Pharmacokinetics
4284. Pharmacodynamics
4285. Contraindications and Precautions
4286. Adverse Effects
4287. Drug Interactions
4288. TABLE 40.8: Agents That Interact with Linezolid
4289. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
4290. Health Status
4291. Life Span and Gender
4292. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
4293. Environment
4294. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
4295. Planning and Intervention
4296. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
4297. BOX 40.1: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
4298. Nosocomial MRSA
4299. The Study
4300. Nursing Implications
4301. Patient Considerations
4302. Handwashing
4303. Gloving
4304. Masking
4305. Gowning
4306. Appropriate Device Handling
4307. Appropriate Handling of Laundry
4308. Minimizing Adverse Effects
4309. Providing Patient and Family Education
4310. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
4311. STREPTOGRAMINS
4312. TABLE 40.9: Overview of Quinupristin/Dalfopristi
4313. MEMORY CHIP : Linezolid
4314. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Quinupristin/Dalfopristin
4315. Core Drug Knowledge
4316. Pharmacotherapeutlcs
4317. Pharmacokinetics
4318. Pharmacodynamics
4319. Contraindications and Precautions
4320. Adverse Effects
4321. Drug Interactions
4322. TABLE 40.10: Agents That Interact with Quinupristin/Dalfopristin
4323. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
4324. Health Status
4325. Life Span and Gender
4326. Environment
4327. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
4328. Planning and Intervention
4329. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
4330. Minimizing Adverse Effects
4331. Providing Patient and Family Education
4332. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
4333. TETRACYCLINES
4334. TABLE 40.11: Summary of Selected Tetracycline Antibiotics
4335. MEMORY CHIP : Quinupristin/Dalfopristin
4336. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Tetracycline
4337. Core Drug Knowledge
4338. Pharmacotherapeutics
4339. Pharmacokinetics
4340. Pharmacodynamics
4341. Contraindications and Precautions
4342. Adverse Effects
4343. Drug Interactions
4344. TABLE 40.12: Agents That Interact with Tetracycline
4345. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
4346. Health Status
4347. Life Span and Gender
4348. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
4349. Environment
4350. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
4351. Planning and Intervention
4352. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
4353. Minimizing Adverse Effects
4354. Providing Patient and Family Education
4355. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
4356. MEMORY CHIP : Tetracycline
4357. Drugs Closely Related to Tetracycline
4358. Demeclocycline
4359. Doxycycline
4360. Minocycline
4361. Drugs Significantly Different From Tetracycline
4362. MISCELLANEOUS ANTIBIOTICS THAT AFFECT PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
4363. TABLE 40.13: Overview of Chloramphenicol
4364. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Chloramphenicol
4365. Core Drug Knowledge
4366. Pharmacotherapeutics
4367. Pharmacokinetics
4368. Pharmacodynamics
4369. Contraindications and Precautions
4370. Adverse Effects
4371. Drug Interactions
4372. TABLE 40.14: Agents That Interact with Chloramphenicol
4373. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
4374. Health Status
4375. Life Span and Gender
4376. Environment
4377. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
4378. Planning and Intervention
4379. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
4380. Minimizing Adverse Effects
4381. Providing Patient and Family Education
4382. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
4383. Drug Significantly Different From Chloramphenicol
4384. MEMORY CHIP : Chloramphenicol
4385. TOPICAL DRUGS
4386. CHAPTER SUMMARY
4387. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
4388. NEED MORE HELP?
4389. REFERENCES
4390. 41: Drugs That Are Miscellaneous Antibiotics
4391. Learning Objectives
4392. Key Terms
4393. Drugs That Are Miscellaneous Antibiotics
4394. QUINOLONES/FLUOROQUINOLONES
4395. TABLE 41.1: Summary of Selected Miscellaneous Antimicrobials
4396. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Ciprofloxacin
4397. Core Drug Knowledge
4398. Pharmacotherapeutics
4399. BOX 41.1: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
4400. Ciproflaxin Therapy for UTI: How Long is Long Enough?
4401. The Study
4402. Nursing Implications
4403. Pharmacokinetics
4404. Pharmacodynamics
4405. Contraindications and Precautions
4406. Adverse Effects
4407. Drug Interactions
4408. TABLE 41.2: Agents That Interact with Ciprofloxacin
4409. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
4410. Health Status
4411. Life Span and Gender
4412. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
4413. Environment
4414. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
4415. Planning and Intervention
4416. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
4417. Minimizing Adverse Effects
4418. Providing Patient and Family Education
4419. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: HOW DID THAT HAPPEN?
4420. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
4421. Drugs Closely Related to Ciprofloxacin
4422. First-Generation Quinolone
4423. MEMORY CHIP : Ciprofloxaci
4424. Second-Generation Fluoroquinolones
4425. Third-Generation Fluoroquinolones
4426. Fourth Generation
4427. CYCLIC LIPOPEPTIDES
4428. TABLE 41.3: Overview of Daptomycin
4429. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Daptomycin
4430. Core Drug Knowledge
4431. Pharmacotherapeutics
4432. Pharmacokinetics
4433. Pharmacodynamics
4434. Contraindications and Precautions
4435. Adverse Effects
4436. Drug Interactions
4437. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
4438. Health Status
4439. Life Span and Gender
4440. Environment
4441. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
4442. Planning and Intervention
4443. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
4444. Minimizing Adverse Effects
4445. Providing Patient and Family Education
4446. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
4447. MEMORY CHIP : Daptomycin
4448. MISCELLANEOUS ANTIBIOTIC: POLYMYXIN B
4449. CHAPTER SUMMARY
4450. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
4451. NEED MORE HELP?
4452. REFERENCES
4453. 42: Drugs Treating Urinary Tract Infections
4454. Learning Objectives
4455. Key Terms
4456. Drugs Treating Urinary Tract Infections
4457. PHYSIOLOGY
4458. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
4459. FIGURE 42.1
4460. Asymptomatic Bacteriuria
4461. Cystitis
4462. BOX 42.1: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
4463. UTI in Women
4464. The Study
4465. Nursing Implications
4466. Urethritis
4467. Prostatitis
4468. Acute Pyelonephritis
4469. DIAGNOSIS OF UTI
4470. SULFONAMIDES
4471. TABLE 42.1: Summary of Selected Drugs to Treat Urinary Tract Infections
4472. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim
4473. Core Drug Knowledge
4474. Pharmacotherapeutics
4475. Pharmacokinetics
4476. Pharmacodynamics
4477. Contraindications and Precautions
4478. Adverse Effects
4479. Drug Interactions
4480. TABLE 42.2: Agents That Interact With Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim (SMZ-TMP)
4481. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
4482. Health Status
4483. Life Span and Gender
4484. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
4485. Environment
4486. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
4487. Planning and Intervention
4488. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
4489. Minimizing Adverse Effects
4490. Providing Patient and Family Education
4491. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
4492. Drug Closely Related to Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim
4493. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: TEACHING STRATEGIES FOR SULFAMETHOXAZOLE-TRIMETHOPRIM (SMZ-TMP) THERAPY
4494. MEMORY CHIP : Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim (SMZ-TMP)
4495. Drugs Significantly Different From Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim
4496. Other Sulfonamides
4497. Sulfasalazine
4498. Topical Sulfonamides
4499. Drugs That Belong to Other Antibiotic Classes
4500. Fosfomycin
4501. URINARY TRACT ANTISEPTICS
4502. Methenamine
4503. Nitrofurantoin
4504. URINARY TRACT ANALGESIC
4505. CHAPTER SUMMARY
4506. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
4507. NEED MORE HELP?
4508. REFERENCES
4509. 43: Drugs Treating Mycobacterial Infections
4510. Learning Objectives
4511. Key Terms
4512. Drugs Treating Mycobacterial Infections
4513. TABLE 43.1: Summary of Selected Antimycobacterial Drugs
4514. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
4515. Tuberculosis
4516. BOX 43.1: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
4517. Vaccine on the Horizon?
4518. The Study
4519. Nursing Implications
4520. BOX 43.2: CDC RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TREATMENT OF LTBI
4521. Box 43.3: THE FIVE ELEMENTS OF THE DOTS STRATEGY FOR THE TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS
4522. Leprosy
4523. Mycobacterium Avium Complex
4524. DRUGS FOR TREATING MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION
4525. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Isoniazid
4526. Core Drug Knowledge
4527. Pharmacotherapeutlcs
4528. Pharmacokinetics
4529. Pharmacodynamics
4530. Contraindications and Precautions
4531. Adverse Effects
4532. Drug Interactions
4533. TABLE 43.2: Agents That Interact with Isoniazid
4534. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
4535. Health Status
4536. Life Span and Gender
4537. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
4538. Environment
4539. Culture and Inherited Traits
4540. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
4541. Planning and Intervention
4542. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
4543. Minimizing Adverse Effects
4544. Providing Patient and Family Education
4545. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
4546. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: EXPOSURE TO THE TUBERCULOSIS (TB) MYCOBACTERIUM
4547. MEMORY CHIP : Isoniazid
4548. Drugs Significantly Different From Isoniazid
4549. First-Line Drugs
4550. Ethambutol
4551. Pyrazinamide
4552. Rlfamycins
4553. Second-Line Drugs
4554. Aminoglycoslde Antibiotics
4555. Cycloserine
4556. Ethionamlde
4557. Fluoroquinolones
4558. Aminosalicylic Acid
4559. DRUGS FOR TREATING MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE INFECTION
4560. TABLE 43.3: Summary of Selected Rifamycins
4561. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Rifampin
4562. Core Drug Knowledge
4563. Pharmacotherapeutics
4564. Pharmacokinetics
4565. Pharmacodynamics
4566. Contraindications and Precautions
4567. Adverse Effects
4568. Drug Interactions
4569. TABLE 43.4: Agents That Interact with Rifampin
4570. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
4571. Health Status
4572. Life Span and Gender
4573. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
4574. Environment
4575. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
4576. Planning and Intervention
4577. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
4578. Minimizing Adverse Effects
4579. Providing Patient and Family Education
4580. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
4581. MEMORY CHIP : Rifampin
4582. Drugs Closely Related to Rifampin
4583. Rifabutin
4584. Rifapentine
4585. Drugs Significantly Different From Rifampin
4586. Clofazimine
4587. Dapsone
4588. Miscellaneous Drugs
4589. CHAPTER SUMMARY
4590. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
4591. NEED MORE HELP?
4592. REFERENCES
4593. 44: Drugs Treating Fungal Infections
4594. Learning Objectives
4595. Key Terms
4596. Drugs Treating Fungal Infections
4597. PHYSIOLOGY OF FUNGAL GROWTH
4598. FIGURE 44.1
4599. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SELECTED OPPORTUNISTIC FUNGAL INFECTIONS
4600. Aspergillosis
4601. Candidiasis
4602. Cryptococcosis
4603. Mucormycosis
4604. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SELECTED NONOPPORTUNISTIC FUNGAL INFECTIONS
4605. Blastomycosis
4606. Coccidioidomycosis
4607. Dermatophytic Infections (Tinea, Ringworm)
4608. FIGURE 44.2
4609. FIGURE 44.3
4610. Histoplasmosis
4611. ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS
4612. Polyene Antifungal Agents
4613. TABLE 44.1: Summary of Selected Antifungal Drugs
4614. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Amphotericin B
4615. Core Drug Knowledge
4616. Pharmacotherapeutics
4617. Pharmacokinetics
4618. Pharmacodynamics
4619. Contraindications and Precautions
4620. Adverse Effects
4621. Drug Interactions
4622. TABLE 44.2: Agents That Interact with Amphotericin B
4623. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
4624. Health Status
4625. Life Span and Gender
4626. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
4627. Environment
4628. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
4629. Planning and Intervention
4630. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
4631. Minimizing Adverse Effects
4632. Providing Patient and Family Education
4633. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
4634. MEMORY CHIP : Amphotericin B
4635. Drugs Closely Related to Amphotericin B
4636. Drugs Significantly Different From Amphotericin B
4637. Echinocandins
4638. Anidulafungin
4639. Caspofungin
4640. Micafungin
4641. Flucytosine
4642. Azole Antifungal Drugs
4643. TABLE 44.3: Summary of Selected Azole Antifungal Agents
4644. TABLE 44.4: Summary of Selected Topical Azole Antifungal Agents
4645. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Fluconazole
4646. Core Drug Knowledge
4647. Pharmacotherapeutics
4648. Pharmacokinetics
4649. Pharmacodynamics
4650. Contraindications and Precautions
4651. Adverse Effects
4652. Drug Interactions
4653. TABLE 44.5: Agents That Interact with Fluconazole
4654. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
4655. Health Status
4656. Life Span and Gender
4657. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
4658. Environment
4659. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
4660. Planning and Intervention
4661. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
4662. Minimizing Adverse Effects
4663. Providing Patient and Family Education
4664. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
4665. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: FLUCONAZOLE AND CHRONIC CANDIDIASIS
4666. MEMORY CHIP : Fluconazole
4667. Drugs Closely Related to Fluconazole
4668. Itraconazole
4669. Posaconazole
4670. Voriconazole
4671. Ketoconazole
4672. Drugs Significantly Different From Fluconazole
4673. Butoconazole
4674. Clotrimazole
4675. Econazole
4676. Miconazole
4677. Oxiconazole
4678. Sertaconazole
4679. Sulconazole
4680. Terconazole
4681. Tioconazole
4682. Miscellaneous Antifungal Drugs
4683. TABLE 44.6: Summary of Miscellaneous Antifungal Agents
4684. Butenafine
4685. Ciclopirox Olamine
4686. Griseofulvin
4687. Naftifine
4688. Terbinafine
4689. CHAPTER SUMMARY
4690. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
4691. NEED MORE HELP?
4692. REFERENCES
4693. 45: Drugs Treating Viral Infections
4694. Learning Objectives
4695. Key Terms
4696. Drugs Treating Viral Infections
4697. PHYSIOLOGY OF VIRAL REPRODUCTION
4698. FIGURE 45.1
4699. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SELECTED VIRAL INFECTIONS
4700. Cytomegalovirus
4701. Hepatitis
4702. Herpes Simplex
4703. Herpes Zoster
4704. Influenza
4705. Respiratory Syncytial Virus
4706. ANTIVIRAL AGENTS
4707. Purine Nucleoside Analogue Drugs
4708. TABLE 45.1: Summary of Selected Purine Nucleoside Analogue Drugs
4709. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Acyclovir
4710. Core Drug Knowledge
4711. Pharmacotherapeutics
4712. Pharmacokinetics
4713. Pharmacodynamics
4714. Contraindications and Precautions
4715. Adverse Effects
4716. Drug Interactions
4717. TABLE 45.2: Agents That Interact with Acyclovir
4718. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
4719. Health Status
4720. Life Span and Gender
4721. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
4722. Environment
4723. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
4724. Planning and Intervention
4725. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
4726. Minimizing Adverse Effects
4727. Providing Patient and Family Education
4728. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
4729. Drugs Closely Related to Acyclovir
4730. Famciclovir
4731. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: ACYCLOVIR AND HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS
4732. Valacyclovir
4733. MEMORY CHIP : Acyclovir
4734. Drugs Significantly Different From Acyclovir
4735. Drugs Used for Cytomegalovirus Infections
4736. Cidofovir
4737. Foscarnet
4738. Ganciclovir
4739. Valganciclovir
4740. Topical Drugs
4741. Docosanol
4742. Penciclovir
4743. Ophthalmic Drugs
4744. Trifluridine
4745. Drugs Used for Influenza
4746. TABLE 45.3: Summary of Selected Anti-Influenza Drugs
4747. Oseltamivir
4748. Pharmacotherapeutics
4749. BOX 45.1: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
4750. Influenza Pandemics
4751. Nursing Implications
4752. Pharmacokinetics
4753. Pharmacodynamics
4754. Contraindications and Precautions
4755. Adverse Effects
4756. Drug Interactions
4757. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
4758. Health Status
4759. Box 45.2: SYMPTOMS AT A GLANCE
4760. Life Span and Gender
4761. Lifestyle, Diet and Habits
4762. Environment
4763. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
4764. Planning and Intervention
4765. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
4766. Minimizing Adverse Effects
4767. Providing Patient and Family Education
4768. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
4769. Drugs Closely Related to Oseltamivir
4770. Zanamivir
4771. Drugs Significantly Different From Oseltamivir
4772. Amantadine
4773. Rimantadine
4774. Drugs Used for Hepatitis
4775. TABLE 45.4: Summary of Selected Drugs for Hepatitis
4776. TABLE 45.5: Drugs for Managing Hepatitis
4777. Interferons
4778. Interferon Alfa
4779. Other Drugs for Hepatitis
4780. Adefovir Dipivoxil
4781. Boceprevir
4782. Entecavir
4783. Lamivudine
4784. Telbivudine
4785. Drugs Used for Respiratory Syncytial Virus
4786. Palivizumab
4787. Ribavirin
4788. CHAPTER SUMMARY
4789. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
4790. NEED MORE HELP?
4791. REFERENCES
4792. 46: Drugs Treating HIV Infection and AIDS
4793. Learning Objectives
4794. Key Terms
4795. Drugs Treating HIV Infection ans AIDS
4796. Box 46.1: DEFINING HIV INFECTION
4797. Lab Criteria
4798. Case Classification
4799. PHYSIOLOGY
4800. CD4 Cell Function
4801. FIGURE 46.1
4802. Human Immunodeficiency Virus
4803. FIGURE 46.2
4804. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
4805. FIGURE 46.3
4806. DIAGNOSIS OF HIV INFECTION
4807. Box 46.2: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR HIV SCREENING
4808. LABORATORY TESTS
4809. Box 46.3: INDICATIONS FOR INITIATING ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY FOR THE PATIENT WITH CHRONIC HIV-1 INFECTION
4810. CD4 Cell Count
4811. Viral Load (HIV RNA) Count
4812. FIGURE 46.4
4813. Resistance Assays
4814. Box 46.4: DRUG RESISTANCE TESTING
4815. PRINCIPLES OF DRUG THERAPY FOR HIV INFECTION
4816. Box 46.5: PRINCIPLES OF DRUG THERAPY FOR HIV INFECTION
4817. NUCLEOSIDE/NUCLEOTIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS
4818. TABLE 46.1: Summary of Selected Nucleoside/Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
4819. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Zidovudine
4820. Core Drug Knowledge
4821. Pharmacotherapeutics
4822. Pharmacokinetics
4823. Pharmacodynamics
4824. Contraindications and Precautions
4825. Adverse Effects
4826. TABLE 46.2: Potential Life-Threatening and Serious Adverse Effects of Antiretroviral Drug Classes
4827. Drug Interactions
4828. TABLE 46.3: Agents That Interact with Zidovudine
4829. TABLE 46.4: HIV-Related Drugs with Overlapping Toxicities
4830. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
4831. Health Status
4832. Life Span and Gender
4833. Box 46.6: HIV MANAGEMENT DURING PREGNANCY
4834. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
4835. Environment
4836. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
4837. Planning and Intervention
4838. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
4839. Minimizing Adverse Effects
4840. Providing Patient and Family Education
4841. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
4842. MEMORY CHIP : Zidovudine
4843. Drugs Closely Related to Zidovudine
4844. Abacavir Sulfate
4845. Didanosine
4846. Emtricitabine
4847. Lamivudine
4848. Stavudine
4849. Tenofovir
4850. NONNUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS (NNRTIS)
4851. TABLE 46.5: Summary of Selected Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
4852. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Efavirenz
4853. Core Drug Knowledge
4854. Pharmacotherapeutics
4855. Pharmacokinetics
4856. Pharmacodynamics
4857. Contraindications and Precautions
4858. Adverse Effects
4859. Drug Interactions
4860. TABLE 46.6: Agents That Interact with Efavirenz
4861. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
4862. Health Status
4863. Life Span and Gender
4864. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
4865. Environment
4866. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
4867. Planning and Intervention
4868. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
4869. Minimizing Adverse Effects
4870. Providing Patient and Family Education
4871. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
4872. Drugs Closely Related to Efavirenz
4873. Delavirdine
4874. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO
4875. MEMORY CHIP : Efavirenz
4876. Nevirapine
4877. Etravirine (Intelence, TMC-125)
4878. Rilpivirine
4879. PROTEASE INHIBITORS
4880. Box 46.7: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
4881. Lessening Lipoatrophy
4882. The Study
4883. Nursing Implications
4884. TABLE 46.7: Summary of Selected Protease Inhibitors
4885. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Saquinavir
4886. Core Drug Knowledge
4887. Pharmacotherapeutics
4888. Pharmacoklnetics
4889. Pharmacodynamics
4890. Contraindications and Precautions
4891. Adverse Effects
4892. Drug Interactions
4893. TABLE 46.8: Agents That Interact with Saquinavir
4894. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
4895. Health Status
4896. Life Span and Gender
4897. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
4898. Environment
4899. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
4900. Planning and Intervention
4901. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
4902. Minimizing Adverse Effects
4903. Providing Patient and Family Education
4904. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
4905. MEMORY CHIP : Saquinavir
4906. Drugs Closely Related to Saquinavir
4907. Atazanavir (Reyataz)
4908. Darunavir
4909. Fosamprenavir
4910. Indinavir
4911. Nelfinavir
4912. Ritonavir
4913. Tipranavir
4914. Lopinavir/Ritonavir
4915. INTEGRASE INHIBITORS
4916. TABLE 46.9: Overview of Raltegravir
4917. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Raltegravir
4918. Core Drug Knowledge
4919. Pharmacotherapeutics
4920. Pharmacokinetics
4921. Pharmacodynamics
4922. Contraindications and Precautions
4923. Adverse Effects
4924. Drug Interactions
4925. TABLE 46.10: Agents that Interact with Raltegravir
4926. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
4927. Health Status
4928. Life Span and Gender
4929. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
4930. Environment
4931. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
4932. Planning and Intervention
4933. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
4934. Minimizing Adverse Effects
4935. Providing Patient and Family Education
4936. MEMORY CHIP : Raltegrvir
4937. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
4938. ENTRY INHIBITORS
4939. TABLE 46.11: Summary of Selected Entry Inhibitors
4940. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Enfuvirtide
4941. Core Drug Knowledge
4942. Pharmacotherapeutics
4943. Pharmacokinetics
4944. Pharmacodynamics
4945. Contraindications and Precautions
4946. Adverse Effects
4947. Drug Interactions
4948. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
4949. Health Status
4950. Life Span and Gender
4951. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
4952. Environment
4953. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
4954. Planning and Intervention
4955. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
4956. Minimizing Adverse Effects
4957. Providing Patient and Family Education
4958. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
4959. MEMORY CHIP : Enfuvirtide
4960. Drugs Significantly Different Than Enfuvirtide CCR5 Inhibitors
4961. POST-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS
4962. Box 46.8: BODY FLUIDS THAT CAN TRANSMIT A HIV INFECTION
4963. PROPHYLAXIS FOR OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS
4964. TABLE 46.12: Prophylaxis to Prevent First Episode of Opportunistic Disease
4965. Box 46.9: ORAL HEALTH CARE FOR IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENTS
4966. Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia
4967. Tuberculosis
4968. Toxoplasma gondii
4969. Disseminated Mycobacterium avium Complex
4970. Streptococcus pneumoniae
4971. Influenza Virus
4972. Histoplasma capsulatum
4973. Varicella-Zoster Virus
4974. Hepatitis B
4975. Hepatitis A
4976. Cytomegalovirus
4977. CHAPTER SUMMARY
4978. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
4979. NEED MORE HELP?
4980. REFERENCES
4981. 47: Drugs Treating Parasitic Infections
4982. Learning Objectives
4983. Key Terms
4984. Drugs Treating Parasitic Infections
4985. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
4986. Malaria
4987. FIGURE 47.1
4988. Parasitic Diseases
4989. Amebiasis
4990. Cryptosporidiosis
4991. Giardiasis
4992. Trichomoniasis
4993. Toxoplasmosis
4994. Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia
4995. Helminthic Infections
4996. Intestinal Nematode Infections
4997. Ascariasis (Giant Roundworm)
4998. Enterobiasis (Pinworm)
4999. Strongyloidiasis (Threadworm)
5000. Trichuriasis (Whipworm)
5001. Trichinosis (Pork Roundworm)
5002. Blood and Tissue Nematode Infections
5003. Cestode Infections
5004. Trematode Infections
5005. Ectoparasitic Infections
5006. Scabies
5007. Pediculosis
5008. ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS
5009. FIGURE 47.2
5010. TABLE 47.1: Summary of Selected Antimalarial Drugs
5011. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Chloroquine
5012. Core Drug Knowledge
5013. Pharmacotherapeutics
5014. Pharmacokinetics
5015. Pharmacodynamics
5016. Contraindications and Precautions
5017. Adverse Effects
5018. Drug Interactions
5019. TABLE 47.2: Agents That Interact with Chloroquine
5020. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
5021. Health Status
5022. Life Span and Gender
5023. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
5024. Environment
5025. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
5026. Planning and Intervention
5027. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
5028. Minimizing Adverse Effects
5029. Providing Patient and Family Education
5030. Box 47.1: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
5031. Stop Malaria Before It Starts!
5032. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
5033. Drugs Closely Related to Chloroquine
5034. Hydroxychloroquine
5035. Primaquine
5036. MEMORY CHIP : Chloroquine
5037. Drugs Significantly Different From Chloroquine
5038. Artemether/lumefantrine
5039. Atovaquone/Proguanil
5040. Mefloquine
5041. Quinine Sulfate
5042. Quinidine Gluconate
5043. Antibacterials
5044. ANTIPROTOZOAN DRUGS
5045. Box 47.2: DRUGS FOR PROTOZOAN DISEASES
5046. Drugs Affecting Amebiasis, Giardiasis, Trichomoniasis, and Toxoplasmosis
5047. TABLE 47.3: Summary of Selected Antiprotozoal Drugs
5048. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Metronidazole
5049. Core Drug Knowledge
5050. Pharmacotherapeutics
5051. Pharmacokinetics
5052. Pharmacodynamics
5053. Contraindications and Precautions
5054. Adverse Effects
5055. Drug Interactions
5056. TABLE 47.4: Agents That Interact with Metronidazole
5057. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
5058. Health Status
5059. Life Span and Gender
5060. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
5061. Environment
5062. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
5063. Planning and Intervention
5064. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
5065. Minimizing Adverse Effects
5066. Providing Patient and Family Education
5067. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
5068. MEMORY CHIP : Metronidazole
5069. Drug Closely Related to Metronidazole
5070. Drugs Significantly Different From Metronidazole
5071. lodoquinol
5072. Nitazoxanide
5073. Paromomycin
5074. Pyrimethamine
5075. Drugs Affecting Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia
5076. TABLE 47.5: Overview of Pentamidine
5077. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Pentamidine Isethionate
5078. Core Drug Knowledge
5079. Pharmacotherapeutics
5080. Pharmacokinetics
5081. Pharmacodynamics
5082. Contraindications and Precautions
5083. Adverse Effects
5084. Drug Interactions
5085. TABLE 47.6: Agents that Interact with Pentamidine
5086. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
5087. Health Status
5088. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
5089. Environment
5090. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
5091. Planning and Intervention
5092. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
5093. Minimizing Adverse Effects
5094. Providing Patient and Family Education
5095. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
5096. Drugs Significantly Different From Pentamidine
5097. Atovaquone
5098. MEMORY CHIP : Pentamidine
5099. Trimetrexate
5100. ANTHELMINTHIC DRUGS
5101. Box 47.3: WHICH DRUG FOR WHICH WORM?
5102. TABLE 47.7: Summary of Selected Anthelminthic Drugs
5103. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Mebendazole
5104. Core Drug Knowledge
5105. Pharmacotherapeutics
5106. Pharmacokinetics
5107. Pharmacodynamics
5108. Contraindications and Precautions
5109. Adverse Effects
5110. Drug Interactions
5111. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
5112. Health Status
5113. Life Span and Gender
5114. Environment
5115. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
5116. Planning and Intervention
5117. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
5118. Minimizing Adverse Effects
5119. Providing Patient and Family Education
5120. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
5121. Drugs Closely Related to Mebendazole
5122. Albendazole
5123. MEMORY CHIP : Mebendazole
5124. Thiabendazole
5125. Drugs Significantly Different From Mebendazole
5126. Diethylcarbamazine
5127. Ivermectin
5128. Pyrantel
5129. Praziquantel
5130. ANTIECTOPARASITIC DRUGS
5131. TABLE 47.8: Summary of Selected Antiectoparasitic Drugs
5132. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Permethrin
5133. Core Drug Knowledge
5134. Pharmacotherapeutics
5135. Pharmacokinetics
5136. Pharmacodynamics
5137. Contraindications and Precautions
5138. Adverse Effects
5139. Drug Interactions
5140. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
5141. Health Status
5142. Life Span and Gender
5143. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
5144. Environment
5145. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: HOME CARE CONCERNS IN ANTIECTOPARASITIC THERAPY
5146. Nursing Diagnosis and Outcome
5147. Planning and Intervention
5148. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
5149. Minimizing Adverse Effects
5150. Providing Patient and Family Education
5151. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
5152. Drugs Closely Related to Permethrin
5153. Benzyl Alcohol
5154. MEMORY CHIP : Permethrin
5155. Crotamiton
5156. Lindane
5157. Malathion
5158. Pyrethrins Plus Piperonyl Butoxide
5159. CHAPTER SUMMARY
5160. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
5161. NEED MORE HELP?
5162. REFERENCES
5163. UNIT 11: Endocrine Drugs
5164. 48: Drugs Affecting Corticosteroid Levels
5165. Learning Objectives
5166. Key Terms
5167. Drugs Affecting Corticosteroid Levels
5168. Box 48.1: THERAPEUTIC USES FOR THE CORTICOSTEROIDS
5169. Glucocorticoid and Mineralocorticoid Effects at Physiologic Doses
5170. Glucocorticoid Effects at Supraphysiologic (Pharmacologic) Doses
5171. PHYSIOLOGY
5172. Glucocorticoids
5173. FIGURE 48.1
5174. Mineralocorticoids
5175. Sex Steroids
5176. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
5177. Adrenal Insufficiency
5178. Cushing Syndrome
5179. FIGURE 48.2
5180. Salt-Losing Adrenogenital Syndrome
5181. Hyperaldosteronism
5182. STEROID HORMONE AGONISTS
5183. Glucocorticoids
5184. FIGURE 48.3
5185. TABLE 48.1: Summary of Selected Glucocorticoids
5186. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Prednisone
5187. Core Drug Knowledge
5188. Pharmacotherapeutics
5189. Pharmacokinetics
5190. Pharmacodynamics
5191. Box 48.2: PHARMACODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF GLUCOCORTICOIDS
5192. Metabolic
5193. Anti-inflammatory (systemic and local effects)
5194. Contraindications and Precautions
5195. Adverse Effects
5196. Box 48.3: POTENTIAL ADVERSE EFFECTS OF PREDNISONE (AND OTHER GLUCOCORTICOID THERAPY
5197. Central Nervous System Problems
5198. Endocrine/Metabolic Problems
5199. Cardiovascular Problems
5200. Gastrointestinal Problems
5201. Fluid and Electrolyte Problems
5202. Hematologic and Immunologic Problems
5203. Musculoskeletal Problems
5204. Ophthalmic Problems
5205. Integumentary Problems
5206. General Problems
5207. Drug Interactions
5208. TABLE 48.2: Agents That Interact with Prednisone
5209. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
5210. Health Status
5211. Life Span and Gender
5212. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
5213. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
5214. Planning and Intervention
5215. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
5216. Minimizing Adverse Effects
5217. Providing Patient and Family Education
5218. Box 48.4: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
5219. Home Dosing Strategies
5220. One Dose Every Other Day
5221. One Dose Every Day
5222. Several Doses Every Day
5223. Periods of Stress, Illness, Injury, or Surgery
5224. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
5225. MEMORY CHIP : Prednisone
5226. Drugs Closely Related to Prednisone
5227. Betamethasone
5228. Dexamethasone
5229. Hydrocortisone
5230. Methylprednisolone
5231. Prednisolone
5232. Inhaled Glucocorticoids
5233. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: CONCERNS RAISED BY METHYLPREDNISOLONE AND OTHER GLUCOCORTICOIDS
5234. Topical Glucocorticoids
5235. TABLE 48.3: Comparative Potency of Topical Glucocorticosteroids
5236. Intra-articularly Injected Glucocorticoids
5237. MINERALOCORTICOIDS
5238. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Fludrocortisone
5239. Core Drug Knowledge
5240. Pharmacotherapeutics
5241. Pharmacokinetics
5242. TABLE 48.4: Overview of Fludrocortisone
5243. Pharmacodynamics
5244. Contraindications and Precautions
5245. Adverse Effects
5246. Drug Interactions
5247. TABLE 48.5: Agents That Interact with Fludrocortisone
5248. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
5249. Health Status
5250. Life Span and Gender
5251. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
5252. Environment
5253. Culture and Inherited Traits
5254. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
5255. Planning and Intervention
5256. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
5257. Minimizing Adverse Effects
5258. MEMORY CHIP : Fludrocortisone
5259. Providing Patient and Family Education
5260. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
5261. STEROID HORMONE ANTAGONISTS
5262. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Aminoglutethimide
5263. Core Drug Knowledge
5264. Pharmacotherapeutics
5265. Pharmacokinetics
5266. TABLE 48.6: Overview of Aminoglutethimide
5267. Pharmacodynamics
5268. Contraindications and Precautions
5269. Adverse Effects
5270. Drug Interactions
5271. TABLE 48.7: Agents That Interact with Aminoglutethimide
5272. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
5273. Health Status
5274. Life Span and Gender
5275. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
5276. Environment
5277. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
5278. Planning and Intervention
5279. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
5280. Minimizing Adverse Effects
5281. Providing Patient and Family Education
5282. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
5283. MEMORY CHIP : Aminoglutethimide
5284. Drugs Significantly Different From Aminoglutethimide
5285. Cyproheptadine
5286. Ketoconazole
5287. Mitotane
5288. CHAPTER SUMMARY
5289. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
5290. NEED MORE HELP?
5291. REFERENCES
5292. 49: Drugs Affecting Blood Glucose Levels
5293. Learning Objectives
5294. Key Terms
5295. Drugs Affecting Blood Glucose Levels
5296. PHYSIOLOGY
5297. Insulin
5298. Functions of Insulin
5299. FIGURE 49.1
5300. Insulin Synthesis and Release
5301. Glucagon
5302. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
5303. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
5304. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
5305. TABLE 49.1: Comparison of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
5306. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
5307. Other Causes of Diabetes Mellitus
5308. Criteria for Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosis
5309. Complications of Diabetes
5310. Acute Complications
5311. FIGURE 49.2
5312. Chronic Complications
5313. BOX 49.1: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
5314. Diabetes Case Management Among Low-Income Ethnic Minority Populations
5315. The Study
5316. Nursing Implications
5317. Diabetic Therapy
5318. TABLE 49.2: Summary of Selected Antidiabetic Drugs
5319. INSULINS
5320. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Regular Insulin
5321. Core Drug Knowledge
5322. Pharmacotherapeutics
5323. Pharmacokinetics
5324. Pharmacodynamics
5325. Contraindications and Precautions
5326. Adverse Effects
5327. Drug Interactions
5328. TABLE 49.3: Agents that Interact with Regular Insulin
5329. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
5330. Health Status
5331. Life Span and Gender
5332. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
5333. Environment
5334. BOX 49.2: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
5335. Understanding How an Insulin Infusion Pump Works
5336. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
5337. Planning and Intervention
5338. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
5339. Box 49.3: FACTORS THAT ALTER THE ACCURACY OFA BEDSIDE BLOOD GLUCOSE RESULTS
5340. Common User Errors:
5341. Potential Patient Factors:
5342. Minimizing Adverse Effects
5343. Providing Patient and Family Education
5344. Box 49.4: PATIENT AND FAMILY EDUCATION COMMON TO DIABETIC DRUG THERAPY
5345. DISCUSSING DIET
5346. UNDERSTANDING ACTIVITY AND REST
5347. RECOGNIZING THE ROLE OF STRESS
5348. MONITORING THE BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL
5349. ADMINISTERING INSULIN
5350. Box 49.5: INSULIN ADMINISTRATION
5351. American Diabetes Association Guidelines for Preparing and Administering a Subcutaneous Dose of Insulin
5352. Other Considerations
5353. EXPLAINING OTHER SAFETY MEASURES
5354. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
5355. Drugs Closely Related to Regular Insulin
5356. Rapid-acting Insulins: Aspart, Lispro, and Glulisine
5357. TABLE 49.4: Pharmacokinetics of Insulins
5358. MEMORY CHIP : Regular Insulin
5359. Drugs Significantly Different From Regular Insulin
5360. Preparations of Aspart or Lispro with Protamine
5361. NPH
5362. Detemir
5363. Glargine
5364. NON-INSULIN ANTIDIABETIC MEDICATIONS
5365. Sulfonylureas
5366. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Glyburide
5367. Core Drug Knowledge
5368. Pharmacotherapeutics
5369. Pharmacokinetics
5370. Pharmacodynamics
5371. Contraindications and Precautions
5372. Adverse Effects
5373. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: UNEXPECTED HYPOGLYCEMIA
5374. Drug Interactions
5375. TABLE 49.5: Agents that Interact with Glyburide1
5376. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
5377. Health Status
5378. Life Span and Gender
5379. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
5380. Environment
5381. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
5382. Planning and Intervention
5383. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
5384. Minimizing Adverse Effects
5385. Providing Patient and Family Education
5386. MEMORY CHIP : Glyburide
5387. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
5388. Drugs Closely Related to Glyburide
5389. Drugs Significantly Different From Glyburide
5390. Repaglinide
5391. Nateglinide
5392. Nonsulfonylureas
5393. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Metformin
5394. Core Drug Knowledge
5395. Pharmacotherapeutics
5396. Pharmacokinetics
5397. Pharmacodynamics
5398. Contraindications and Precautions
5399. Adverse Effects
5400. Drug Interactions
5401. TABLE 49.6: Agents That Interact with Metformin
5402. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
5403. Health Status
5404. Life Span and Gender
5405. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
5406. Environment
5407. Culture and Inherited Traits
5408. Nursing Diagnosis and Outcome
5409. Planning and Intervention
5410. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
5411. Minimizing Adverse Effects
5412. Providing Patient and Family Education
5413. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
5414. MEMORY CHIP : Metformin
5415. Drugs Closely Related to Metformin
5416. Thiazolidinediones: Rosiglitazone and Pioglitazone
5417. Rosiglitazone
5418. Pioglitazone
5419. Drugs Significantly Different From Metformin
5420. Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors: Acarbose and Miglitol
5421. Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor
5422. Incretin Mimetic
5423. Amylin Analogue
5424. Antidiabetic Combination Agents: Glucovance and Metaglip
5425. GLUCOSE-ELEVATING AGENTS
5426. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Glucagon
5427. Core Drug Knowledge
5428. Pharmacotherapeutics
5429. Pharmacokinetics
5430. Pharmacodynamics
5431. Contraindications and Precautions
5432. Adverse Effects
5433. Drug Interactions
5434. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
5435. Health Status
5436. Life Span and Gender
5437. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
5438. Environment
5439. Nursing Diagnosis and Outcome
5440. Planning and Intervention
5441. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
5442. Minimizing Adverse Effects
5443. Providing Patient and Family Education
5444. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
5445. Drugs Significantly Different From Glucagon
5446. Diazoxide
5447. MEMORY CHIP : Glucagon
5448. Glucose
5449. CHAPTER SUMMARY
5450. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
5451. NEED MORE HELP?
5452. REFERENCES
5453. 50: Drugs Affecting Pituitary, Thyroid, Parathyroid, and Hypothalamic Function
5454. Learning Objectives
5455. Key Terms
5456. Drugs Affecting Pituitary, Thyroid, Parathyroid, and Hypothalamic Function
5457. PHYSIOLOGY
5458. FIGURE 50.1
5459. Pituitary Gland Function
5460. Anterior Lobe of the Pituitary Gland
5461. Posterior Lobe of the Pituitary Gland
5462. Thyroid Gland Function
5463. FIGURE 50.2
5464. TABLE 50.1: Effect of Thyroid Hormones
5465. Parathyroid Gland Function
5466. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
5467. Pituitary Gland Dysfunction
5468. Anterior Pituitary Gland Dysfunction
5469. Growth Hormone Deficiency
5470. Growth Hormone Excess
5471. Posterior Pituitary Gland Dysfunction
5472. Diabetes Insipidus
5473. Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone
5474. Box 50.1: DRUGS THAT MAY CAUSE SYNDROME OF INAPPROPRIATE ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE SECRETION (SIADH)
5475. Thyroid Gland Dysfunction
5476. TABLE 50.2: Clinical Comparison of Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism
5477. Hypothyroidism
5478. Hyperthyroidism
5479. Parathyroid Gland Dysfunction
5480. TABLE 50.3: Disorders of Bone and Calcium Metabolism
5481. Hypoparathyroidism
5482. Hyperparathyroidism
5483. FIGURE 50.3
5484. TABLE 50.4: Actions of Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) and Vitamin D
5485. PITUITARY DRUGS
5486. TABLE 50.5: Summary of Selected Pituitary Drugs
5487. Growth Hormones
5488. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Somatropin
5489. Core Drug Knowledge
5490. Pharmacotherapeutics
5491. Pharmacokinetics
5492. Pharmacodynamics
5493. Contraindications and Precautions
5494. Adverse Effects
5495. Drug Interactions
5496. TABLE 50.6: Agents That Interact with Somatropin
5497. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
5498. Health Status
5499. Life Span and Gender
5500. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
5501. Environment
5502. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
5503. Planning and Intervention
5504. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
5505. Minimizing Adverse Effects
5506. Providing Patient and Family Education
5507. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
5508. BOX 50.2: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
5509. Children Receiving Growth Hormone (Somatropin)
5510. Drugs Closely Related to Somatropin Other Somatropin Preparations
5511. MEMORY CHIP : Somatropin
5512. Sermorelin Acetate
5513. Drugs Significantly Different From Somatropin
5514. Octreotide Acetate
5515. Bromocriptine Mesylate
5516. Pegvisomant
5517. Posterior Pituitary Hormone Regulators
5518. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Desmopressin
5519. Core Drug Knowledge
5520. Pharmacotherapeutics
5521. Pharmacokinetics
5522. Pharmacodynamics
5523. Contraindications and Precautions
5524. Adverse Effects
5525. Drug Interactions
5526. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
5527. Health Status
5528. Life Span and Gender
5529. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits and Environment
5530. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
5531. Planning and Intervention
5532. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
5533. Minimizing Adverse Effects
5534. Providing Patient and Family Education
5535. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
5536. MEMORY CHIP : Desmopressin
5537. Drug Closely Related to Desmopressin
5538. Vasopressin
5539. THYROID DRUGS
5540. Thyroid Hormones
5541. TABLE 50.7: Summary of Selected Thyroid Hormones
5542. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Levothyroxine
5543. Core Drug Knowledge
5544. Pharmacotherapeutics
5545. Pharmacokinetics
5546. Pharmacodynamics
5547. Contraindications and Precautions
5548. Adverse Effects
5549. Drug Interactions
5550. TABLE 50.8: Agents That Interact with Levothyroxine
5551. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
5552. Health Status
5553. Life Span and Gender
5554. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
5555. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: LEVOTHYROXINE AND WEIGHT CONTROL
5556. Environment
5557. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
5558. Planning and Intervention
5559. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
5560. Minimizing Adverse Effects
5561. Providing Patient and Family Education
5562. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
5563. MEMORY CHIP : Levothyroxine
5564. Drugs Closely Related to Levothyroxine
5565. Desiccated Thyroid
5566. Liothyronine Sodium
5567. Liotrix
5568. Antithyroid Compunds
5569. TABLE 50.9: Summary of Selected Antithyroid Drugse
5570. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Methimazole (MMI)
5571. Core Drug Knowledge
5572. Pharmacotherapeutics
5573. Pharmacokinetics
5574. Pharmacodynamics
5575. Contraindications and Precautions
5576. Adverse Effects
5577. Drug Interactions
5578. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
5579. Health Status
5580. Life Span and Gender
5581. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
5582. Environment
5583. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
5584. Planning and Intervention
5585. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
5586. Minimizing Adverse Effects
5587. Providing Patient and Family Education
5588. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
5589. Drug Closely Related to Methimazole
5590. MEMORY CHIP : Methimazole (MMI)
5591. Drugs Significantly Different From Methimazole
5592. Iodide or Iodine Solutions (Lugol Solution, Thyro-Block (tablets))
5593. Iodine-131
5594. Propranolol
5595. PARATHYROID DRUGS
5596. Antihypercalcemic, Calcium-Regulator Drugs
5597. TABLE 50.10: Summary of Selected Antithypercalcemic Drugs
5598. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Calcitonin, Salmon
5599. Core Drug Knowledge
5600. Pharmacotherapeutics
5601. Pharmacokinetics
5602. Pharmacodynamics
5603. Contraindications and Precautions
5604. Adverse Effects
5605. Drug Interactions
5606. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
5607. Health Status
5608. Life Span and Gender
5609. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits and Environment
5610. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
5611. Planning and Intervention
5612. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
5613. Minimizing Adverse Effects
5614. Providing Patient and Family Education
5615. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
5616. Drugs Closely Related to Calcitonin, Salmon
5617. Bisphosphonates
5618. MEMORY CHIP : Calcitonin, Salmon
5619. Drugs Significantly Different From Calcitonin, Salmon
5620. Cinacalcet
5621. Furosemide
5622. Gallium
5623. Plicamycin
5624. Antihypocalcemic Drugs
5625. TABLE 50.11: Summary of Selected Antihypocalcemic Drugs
5626. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Calcitriol
5627. Core Drug Knowledge
5628. Pharmacotherapeutics
5629. Pharmacokinetics
5630. Pharmacodynamics
5631. Contraindications and Precautions
5632. Adverse Effects
5633. Drug Interactions
5634. TABLE 50.12: Agents That Interact with Calcitriol
5635. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
5636. Health Status
5637. Life Span and Gender
5638. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
5639. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
5640. Planning and Intervention
5641. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
5642. Minimizing Adverse Effects
5643. Providing Patient and Family Education
5644. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
5645. Drugs Closely Related to Calcitriol
5646. Dihydrotachysterol
5647. MEMORY CHIP : Calcitriol
5648. Doxercalciferol
5649. Paricalcitol
5650. CHAPTER SUMMARY
5651. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
5652. NEED MORE HELP?
5653. REFERENCES
5654. 51: Drugs Affecting Men’s Health and Sexuality
5655. Learning Objectives
5656. Key Terms
5657. Drugs Affecting Men’s Health and Sexuality
5658. PHYSIOLOGY
5659. Hormones
5660. Penis
5661. Urethra and Prostate
5662. FIGURE 51.1
5663. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
5664. Hormonal Problems
5665. Erectile Dysfunction
5666. Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
5667. FIGURE 51.2
5668. Male Pattern Baldness
5669. Prostate Cancer
5670. ANDROGENS
5671. TABLE 51.1: Summary of Selected Drugs Used to Treat Men’s Health Problems
5672. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Testosterone
5673. Core Drug Knowledge
5674. Pharmacotherapeutics
5675. Pharmacokinetics
5676. Pharmacodynamics
5677. Contraindications and Precautions
5678. Adverse Effects
5679. Drug Interactions
5680. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
5681. Health Status
5682. Life Span and Gender
5683. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
5684. BOX 51.1: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
5685. Athletes and Testosterone
5686. Environment
5687. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
5688. Planning and Intervention
5689. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
5690. Minimizing Adverse Effects
5691. Providing Patient and Family Education
5692. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
5693. Drugs Closely Related to Testosterone
5694. Synthetic Testosterones
5695. Anabolic Steroids
5696. MEMORY CHIP : Testosterone
5697. Drug Significantly Different From
5698. Testosterone
5699. Drugs Used To Treat Erectile Dysfunction
5700. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Sildenafil
5701. Core Drug Knowledge
5702. Pharmacotherapeutics
5703. BOX 51.2: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
5704. New Indications for Sildenafil
5705. The Study
5706. Nursing Implications
5707. Pharmacokinetics
5708. Pharmacodynamics
5709. Contraindications and Precautions
5710. Adverse Effects
5711. Drug Interactions
5712. TABLE 51.2: Drugs That Interact with Sildenafil
5713. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
5714. Health Status
5715. Life Span and Gender
5716. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
5717. Environment
5718. Culture and Inherited Traits
5719. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
5720. Planning and Intervention
5721. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects and Minimizing Adverse Effects
5722. Providing Patient and Family Education
5723. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: EFFECTIVENESS OF SILDENAFIL
5724. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
5725. Drugs Closely Related to Sildenafil
5726. MEMORY CHIP : Sidenafil
5727. Vardenafil
5728. Tadalafil
5729. Alprostadil
5730. Drug Significantly Different From Sildenafil
5731. Yohimbine
5732. Drugs To Treat Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
5733. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Finasteride
5734. Core Drug Knowledge
5735. Pharmacotherapeutics
5736. Pharmacokinetics
5737. Pharmacodynamics
5738. Contraindications and Precautions
5739. Adverse Effects
5740. Drug Interactions
5741. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
5742. Health Status
5743. Life Span and Gender
5744. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
5745. Environment
5746. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
5747. Planning and Intervention
5748. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
5749. Minimizing Adverse Effects
5750. Providing Patient and Family Education
5751. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
5752. MEMORY CHIP : Finasteride
5753. Drug Closely Related To Finasteride
5754. Drugs Significantly Different From Finasteride
5755. DRUGS TO TREAT MALE PATTERN BALDNESS
5756. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Minoxidil
5757. Core Drug Knowledge
5758. Pharmacotherapeutlcs
5759. Pharmacokinetics
5760. Pharmacodynamics
5761. Contraindications and Precautions
5762. Adverse Effects
5763. Drug Interactions
5764. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
5765. Health Status
5766. Life Span and Gender
5767. Environment
5768. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
5769. Planning and Intervention
5770. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
5771. Minimizing Adverse Effects
5772. Providing Patient and Family Education
5773. MEMORY CHIP : Minoxidil (topical)
5774. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
5775. CHAPTER SUMMARY
5776. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
5777. NEED MORE HELP?
5778. REFERENCES
5779. 52: Drugs Affecting Women’s Health and Sexuality
5780. Learning Objectives
5781. Key Terms
5782. Drugs Affecting Women’s Health and Sexuality
5783. PHYSIOLOGY
5784. Estrogen
5785. Progestin
5786. Menstrual Cycle
5787. FIGURE 52.1
5788. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
5789. ESTROGENS
5790. TABLE 52.1: Summary of Selected Estrogens
5791. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Conjugated Estrogen
5792. Core Drug Knowledge
5793. Pharmacotherapeutics
5794. Pharmacokinetics
5795. Pharmacodynamics
5796. Contraindications and Precautions
5797. Adverse Effects
5798. Drug Interactions
5799. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
5800. Health Status
5801. BOX 52.1: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
5802. Summary of Findings from the Women’s Health Initiative
5803. The Study
5804. Nursing Implications
5805. Life Span and Gender
5806. Environment
5807. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
5808. Planning and Intervention
5809. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
5810. Minimizing Adverse Effects
5811. Providing Patient and Family Education
5812. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: INDIVIDUAL DECISIONS ABOUT HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY
5813. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
5814. Drugs Closely Related to Conjugated Estrogen
5815. Drugs Significantly Different From Conjugated Estrogen
5816. Clomiphene
5817. MEMORY CHIP : Conjugated Estrogen
5818. Gonadotropins and Menotropins
5819. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
5820. Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormones
5821. Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Antagonist
5822. Synthetic Androgens
5823. PROGESTINS
5824. TABLE 52.2: Summary of Selected Progestins
5825. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Progesterone
5826. Core Drug Knowledge
5827. Pharmacotherapeutics
5828. Pharmacokinetics
5829. Pharmacodynamics
5830. Contraindications and Precautions
5831. Adverse Effects
5832. Drug Interactions
5833. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
5834. Health Status
5835. Life Span and Gender
5836. Environment
5837. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
5838. Planning and Intervention
5839. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
5840. Minimizing Adverse Effects
5841. Providing Patient and Family Education
5842. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
5843. Drugs Closely Related to Progesterone
5844. Medroxyprogesterone, Norethindrone, and Norethindrone Acetate
5845. MEMORY CHIP : Progesterone
5846. Other Forms of Progesterone
5847. Drugs Significantly Different From Progesterone
5848. Megestrol
5849. Mifepristone
5850. CONTRACEPTIVES
5851. BOX 52.2: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
5852. Contraceptives and Sexually Transmitted Infections
5853. Oral Contraceptives
5854. Emergency Oral Contraceptives
5855. Other Combination Contraceptives
5856. Transdermal Contraceptives
5857. Vaginal Ring Contraceptive
5858. Implanted Contraceptives
5859. Intrauterine System Contraceptive
5860. BISPHOSPHONATES
5861. TABLE 52.3: Summary of Selected Drugs Used to Treat Bone Resorption
5862. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Alendronate
5863. Core Drug Knowledge
5864. Pharmacotherapeutics
5865. Pharmacokinetics
5866. Pharmacodynamics
5867. Contraindications and Precautions
5868. Adverse Effects
5869. Drug Interactions
5870. TABLE 52.4: Agents That Interact with Alendronate
5871. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
5872. Health Status
5873. Life Span and Gender
5874. Lifestyle, Diet and Habits
5875. Environment
5876. Culture and Inherited Traits
5877. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
5878. Planning and Intervention
5879. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
5880. Minimizing Adverse Effects
5881. Providing Patient and Family Education
5882. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
5883. Drugs Closely Related to Alendronate
5884. Ibandronate
5885. MEMORY CHIP : Alendronate
5886. Risedronate
5887. Etidronate, Tiludronate, Pamidronate, and Zoledronic Acid
5888. Drugs Significantly Different From Alendronate
5889. Raloxifene
5890. Calcitonin, Salmon
5891. Teriparatide
5892. CHAPTER SUMMARY
5893. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
5894. NEED MORE HELP?
5895. REFERENCES
5896. 53: Drugs Affecting Uterine Motility
5897. Learning Objectives
5898. Key Terms
5899. Drugs Affecting Uterine Motility
5900. PHYSIOLOGY
5901. Contractions and Related Changes
5902. Systemic Changes in Labor
5903. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
5904. OXYTOCICS
5905. TABLE 53.1: Summary of Selected Uterine Motility Drugs
5906. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Oxytocin
5907. Core Drug Knowledge
5908. Pharmacotherapeutics
5909. Pharmacokinetics
5910. Pharmacodynamics
5911. FIGURE 53.1
5912. Contraindications and Precautions
5913. Adverse Effects
5914. Drug Interactions
5915. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
5916. Health Status
5917. Life Span and Gender
5918. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
5919. Environment
5920. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
5921. Planning and Intervention
5922. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
5923. Minimizing Adverse Effects
5924. Providing Patient and Family Education
5925. MEMORY CHIP : Oxytocin
5926. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
5927. Drugs Closely Related to Oxytocin
5928. Ergonovine Maleate
5929. Methylergonovine
5930. Drugs Significantly Different From Oxytocin
5931. Carboprost
5932. Dinoprostone
5933. Misoprostol
5934. TOCOLYTICS
5935. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Terbutaline
5936. Core Drug Knowledge
5937. Pharmacotherapeutics
5938. BOX 53.1: FOCUS ON RESERCH
5939. Tocolytic Therapy: A meta-analysis and decision analysis.
5940. The Study
5941. Nursing Implications
5942. Pharmacokinetics
5943. Pharmacodynamics
5944. Contraindications and Precautions
5945. Adverse Effects
5946. Drug Interactions
5947. TABLE 53.2: Agents That Interact with Terbutaline
5948. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
5949. Health Status
5950. Life Span and Gender
5951. Environment
5952. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
5953. Planning and Intervention
5954. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
5955. Minimizing Adverse Effects
5956. BOX 53.2: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
5957. Teaching About Drugs That Affect Uterine Function
5958. Providing Patient and Family Education
5959. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
5960. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: MATERNAL MONITORING AND TERBUTALINE
5961. MEMORY CHIP : Terbutaline
5962. Drug Closely Related to Terbutaline
5963. Drugs Significantly Different From Terbutaline
5964. Magnesium Sulfate
5965. TABLE 53.3: Correlation of Serum Levels and Effects of Magnesium Sulfate
5966. Calcium Channel Blockers
5967. Atosiban
5968. Indomethacin
5969. CHAPTER SUMMARY
5970. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
5971. NEED MORE HELP?
5972. REFERENCES
5973. UNIT 12: Immune System and Cancer Chemotherapy Drugs
5974. 54: Drugs Affecting the Immune Response
5975. Learning Objectives
5976. Key Terms
5977. Drugs Affecting the Immune Response
5978. PHYSIOLOGY
5979. Specific Immune Responses
5980. FIGURE 54.1
5981. Immunity
5982. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
5983. TABLE 54.1: Summary of Selected Biotherapy Agents
5984. CYTOKINES
5985. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Interferon Alfa-2a
5986. Core Drug Knowledge
5987. Pharmacotherapeutics
5988. Pharmacokinetics
5989. Pharmacodynamics
5990. Contraindications and Precautions
5991. Adverse Effects
5992. Drug Interactions
5993. TABLE 54.2: Agents That Interact with Interferon Alfa-2a
5994. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
5995. Health Status
5996. Life Span and Gender
5997. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
5998. Environment
5999. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
6000. Planning and Intervention
6001. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
6002. Minimizing Adverse Effects
6003. Providing Patient and Family Education
6004. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
6005. Drugs Closely Related to Interferon Alfa-2a
6006. MEMORY CHIP : Interferon Alfa-2a
6007. Drug Significantly Different From Interferon Alfa-2a
6008. IMMUNE MODULATORS
6009. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Cyclosporine
6010. Core Drug Knowledge
6011. Pharmacotherapeutics
6012. Pharmacokinetics
6013. Pharmacodynamics
6014. Contraindications and Precautions
6015. Adverse Effects
6016. Drug Interactions
6017. TABLE 54.3: Agents That Interact With Cyclosporine
6018. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
6019. Health Status
6020. Life Span and Gender
6021. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
6022. Environment
6023. BOX 54.1: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
6024. Cyclosporine at Home
6025. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
6026. Planning and Intervention
6027. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
6028. BOX 54.2: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
6029. Blood Levels of Cyclosporine Drawn Peripherally or From a Central Access Device
6030. The Study
6031. Nursing Implications
6032. Minimizing Adverse Effects
6033. Providing Patient and Family Education
6034. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
6035. MEMORY CHIP : Cyclosporine
6036. Drugs Closely Related to Cyclosporine
6037. Tacrolimus
6038. Sirolimus
6039. Pemecrolimus
6040. Mycophenolate Mofetil
6041. Drugs Significantly Different From Cyclosporine
6042. Retinoids
6043. All-Transretinoic Acid
6044. 9-Cis-Transretinoic Acid
6045. Bexarotene
6046. Levamisole
6047. Azathioprine
6048. Glatiramer
6049. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)
6050. Denileukin Diftitox
6051. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Thalidomide
6052. Core Drug Knowledge
6053. Pharmacotherapeutics
6054. Pharmacokinetics
6055. Pharmacodynamics
6056. Contraindications and Precautions
6057. Adverse effects
6058. Drug Interactions
6059. TABLE 54.4: Agents That Interact with Thalidomide
6060. Assessment of Relevent Core Patient Variables
6061. Health Status
6062. Life Span and Gender
6063. Lifestyle, Diet and Habits
6064. Environment
6065. Nursing Diagnosis and Outcomes
6066. Planning and Intervention
6067. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
6068. Minimizing Adverse Effects
6069. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO
6070. Providing Patient and Family Education
6071. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
6072. MEMORY CHIP : Thalidomide
6073. Drugs Closely Related to Thalidomide
6074. Lenalidomide
6075. CHAPTER SUMMARY
6076. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
6077. NEED MORE HELP?
6078. REFERENCES
6079. 55: Targeted Therapies
6080. Learning Objectives
6081. Key Terms
6082. Targeted Therapies
6083. PHYSIOLOGY
6084. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
6085. TABLE 55.1: Summary of Selected Targeted Agents
6086. ANTIBODIES
6087. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Rituximab
6088. Core Drug Knowledge
6089. Pharmacotherapeutics
6090. Pharmacokinetics
6091. Pharmacodynamics
6092. Contraindications and Precautions
6093. Adverse Effects
6094. Drug Interactions
6095. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
6096. Health Status
6097. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: RITUXIMAB FOR TREATMENT OF NON-HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA
6098. Life Span and Gender
6099. Environment
6100. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
6101. Planning and Intervention
6102. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
6103. Minimizing Adverse Effects
6104. Providing Patient and Family Education
6105. MEMORY CHIP : Rituximab
6106. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
6107. Drugs Closely Related to Rituximab
6108. Trastuzumab
6109. Bevacizumab
6110. Cetuximab
6111. Panitumumab
6112. Alemtuzumab
6113. Ofatumumab
6114. Abciximab
6115. Palivizumab
6116. Denosumab
6117. Drugs Significantly Different From Rituximab
6118. Muromonab-CD3
6119. Daclizumab
6120. Basiliximab
6121. Infliximab
6122. Eculizumab
6123. Satumomab Pendetide
6124. Tositumomab Plus Iodine-131
6125. Yttrium-90 Ibritumomab Tiuxetan
6126. KINASE INHIBITORS
6127. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Imatinib
6128. Core Drug Knowledge
6129. Pharmacotherapeutics
6130. Pharmacokinetics
6131. Pharmacodynamics
6132. Contraindications and Precautions
6133. Adverse Effects
6134. Drug Interactions
6135. TABLE 55.2: Agents That Interact with Imatinib
6136. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
6137. Health Status
6138. Life Span and Gender
6139. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
6140. Environment
6141. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
6142. Planning and Intervention
6143. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
6144. Minimizing Adverse Effects
6145. Providing Patient and Family Education
6146. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
6147. Drugs Closely Related to Imatinib
6148. Dasatinib
6149. MEMORY CHIP : Imatinib
6150. Nilotinib
6151. Drugs Significantly Different from Imatinib
6152. Erlotinib
6153. Gefitinib
6154. BOX 55.1: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
6155. Gefitinib First Line for Patients with Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer with Egfr Mutations Shows Improved Progression-Free Survival when Compared to Standard Chemotherapy.
6156. The Study
6157. Nursing Implications
6158. Lapatinib
6159. Sorafenib
6160. Sunitinib
6161. Pazopanib
6162. MTOR INHIBITORS
6163. MTOR-I Inhibitors: Temsirolimus, Eversirolimus
6164. Temsirolimus
6165. Eversirolimus
6166. OTHER INHIBITORS
6167. PROTEASOME INHIBITORS
6168. Bortezomib
6169. HDAC INHIBITORS
6170. Vorinostat
6171. Romidepsin
6172. CHAPTER SUMMARY
6173. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
6174. NEED MORE HELP?
6175. REFERENCES
6176. 56: Drugs That Are Cell Cycle–Specific
6177. Learning Objectives
6178. Key Terms
6179. Drugs That Are Cell Cycle–Specific
6180. BOX 56.1: ROLE OF CHEMOTHERAPY IN VARIOUS CANCERS
6181. Primary Treatment
6182. Future as a Primary Treatment
6183. Treatment Before Surgery
6184. PHYSIOLOGY
6185. FIGURE 56.1
6186. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
6187. CELLULAR KINETICS OF CHEMOTHERAPY DRUGS
6188. FIGURE 56.2
6189. ROUTES OF CHEMOTHERAPY ADMINISTRATION
6190. TABLE 56.1: Administration Routes for Antineoplastic Drugs
6191. HANDLING AND PROPER DISPOSAL OF CHEMOTHERAPY AGENTS
6192. Recommendations to Minimize Exposure During Preparation, Transport, Disposal, and Storage of Chemotherapeutic Agents
6193. Management of Chemotherapy Spills
6194. Measures for Accidental Exposure to Chemotherapy
6195. CLASSIFICATION OF ANTINEOPLASTIC DRUGS
6196. TABLE 56.2: Summary of Selected Cell Cycle–Specific Antineoplastic Drugs
6197. ANTIMETABOLITES
6198. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving 5-Fluorouracil
6199. Core Drug Knowledge
6200. Pharmacotherapeutics
6201. Pharmacokinetics
6202. Pharmacodynamics
6203. Contraindications and Precautions
6204. Adverse Effects
6205. Drug Interactions
6206. TABLE 56.3: Agents That Interact with 5-Fluorouracil
6207. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
6208. Health Status
6209. Life Span and Gender
6210. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
6211. Environment
6212. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
6213. Planning and Intervention
6214. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
6215. Minimizing Adverse Effects
6216. Providing Patient and Family Education
6217. BOX 56.2: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
6218. General Patient and Family Education for Chemotherapy
6219. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
6220. MEMORY CHIP : 5-Fluorouracil
6221. Drugs Closely Related to 5-Fluorouracil
6222. Cytarabine
6223. Floxuridine
6224. Gemcitabine
6225. Capecitabine
6226. BOX 56.3: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
6227. Capecitabine Results in Superior Response Rate, Improved Safety Profile, and Improved Convenience
6228. The Study
6229. Nursing Implications
6230. Drug Significantly Different From 5-Fluorouracil
6231. MITOTIC INHIBITORS
6232. Vinca Alkaloids
6233. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Vincristine
6234. Core Drug Knowledge
6235. Pharmacotherapeutics
6236. Pharmacokinetics
6237. Pharmacodynamics
6238. Contraindications and Precautions
6239. BOX 56.4: MANAGING PERIPHERAL EXTRAVASATJON
6240. Adverse Effects
6241. Drug Interactions
6242. TABLE 56.4: Agents That Interact with Vincristine
6243. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
6244. Health Status
6245. Life Span and Gender
6246. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
6247. Environment
6248. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
6249. Planning and Intervention
6250. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
6251. Minimizing Adverse Effects
6252. TABLE 56.5: Common Vesicants and Known Antidotes
6253. Providing Patient and Family Education
6254. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
6255. Drugs Closely Related to Vincristine
6256. Vinblastine
6257. MEMORY CHIP : Vincristine
6258. Vinorelbine
6259. Podophyllotoxins
6260. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Etoposide
6261. Core Drug Knowledge
6262. Pharmacotherapeutics
6263. Pharmacokinetics
6264. Pharmacodynamics
6265. Contraindications and Precautions
6266. Adverse Effects
6267. Drug Interactions
6268. TABLE 56.6: Agents That Interact with Etoposide
6269. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
6270. Health Status
6271. Life Span and Gender
6272. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
6273. Environment
6274. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
6275. Planning and Intervention
6276. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
6277. Minimizing Adverse Effects
6278. Providing Patient and Family Education
6279. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
6280. Drug Closely Related to Etoposide
6281. TAXANES
6282. MEMORY CHIP : Etoposide
6283. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Paclitaxel
6284. Core Drug Knowledge
6285. Pharmacotherapeutics
6286. Pharmacokinetics
6287. Pharmacodynamics
6288. Contraindications and Precautions
6289. Adverse Effects
6290. Drug Interactions
6291. TABLE 56.7: Agents That Interact with Paclitaxel
6292. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
6293. Health Status
6294. Life Span and Gender
6295. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
6296. Environment
6297. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
6298. Planning and Intervention
6299. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
6300. Minimizing Adverse Effects
6301. BOX 56.5: MANAGING A GENERALIZED HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTION AND ANAPHYLAXIS
6302. Providing Patient and Family Education
6303. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
6304. Drug Closely Related to Paclitaxel
6305. MEMORY CHIP : Paclitaxel
6306. CAMPTOTHECINES (TOPOISOMERASE-I INHIBITORS)
6307. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Topotecan
6308. Core Drug Knowledge
6309. Pharmacotherapeutics
6310. Pharmacokinetics
6311. Pharmacodynamics
6312. Contraindications and Precautions
6313. Adverse Effects
6314. Drug Interactions
6315. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
6316. Health Status
6317. Life Span and Gender
6318. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
6319. Environment
6320. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
6321. Planning and Intervention
6322. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
6323. Minimizing Adverse Effects
6324. Providing Patient and Family Education
6325. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
6326. MEMORY CHIP : Topotecan
6327. Drug Closely Related to Topotecan
6328. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: IMPLEMENTING IRINOTECAN THERAPY
6329. MISCELLANEOUS CELL CYCLE-SPECIFIC DRUGS
6330. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Hydroxyurea
6331. Core Drug Knowledge
6332. Pharmacotherapeutics
6333. Pharmacokinetics
6334. Pharmacodynamics
6335. Contraindications and Precautions
6336. Adverse Effects
6337. Drug Interactions
6338. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
6339. Health Status
6340. Life Span and Gender
6341. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
6342. Environment
6343. BOX 56.6: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
6344. Home Therapy with Hydroxyurea
6345. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
6346. Planning and Intervention
6347. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
6348. Minimizing Adverse Effects
6349. Providing Patient and Family Education
6350. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
6351. MEMORY CHIP : Hydroxyurea
6352. Drug Significantly Different From Hydroxyurea
6353. CHAPTER SUMMARY
6354. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
6355. NEED MORE HELP?
6356. REFERENCES
6357. 57: Drugs That Are Cell Cycle–Nonspecific
6358. Learning Objectives
6359. Key Terms
6360. Drugs That Are Cell Cycle–Nonspecific
6361. TABLE 57.1: Summary of Selected Cell Cycle–Nonspecific Antineoplastic Drugs
6362. ALKYLATING AGENTS
6363. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Cyclophosphamide
6364. Core Drug Knowledge
6365. Pharmacotherapeutics
6366. Pharmacokinetics
6367. Pharmacodynamics
6368. Contraindications and Precautions
6369. Adverse Effects
6370. Drug Interactions
6371. TABLE 57.2: Agents That Interact with Cyclophosphamide
6372. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
6373. Health Status
6374. Life Span and Gender
6375. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
6376. Environment
6377. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
6378. Planning and Intervention
6379. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
6380. Minimizing Adverse Effects
6381. Providing Patient and Family Education
6382. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: DETERMINING THE MOST APPROPRIATE ANTIEMESIS REGIMEN TO PREVENT CHEMOTHERAPY-INDUCED NAUSEA AND VOMITING
6383. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
6384. Drugs Closely Related to Cyclophosphamide
6385. Busulfan
6386. MEMORY CHIP : Cyclophosphamide
6387. Chlorambucil
6388. Melphalan
6389. Drugs Significantly Different From Cyclophosphamide
6390. Cisplatin
6391. Box 57.1: RANKING CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS ACCORDING TO EMETOGENIC POTENTIAL
6392. Box 57.2: RISK FACTORS FOR NAUSEA AND VOMITING
6393. Box 57.3: TYPES OF EMESIS AND THEIR TREATMENTS
6394. Box 57.4: GUIDELINES FOR MANAGING CHEMOTHERAPY-INDUCED EMESIS
6395. Box 57.5: NONPHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENTS FOR CHEMOTHERAPY-INDUCED EMESIS
6396. Carboplatin
6397. Oxaliplatin
6398. NITROSOUREAS
6399. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Carmustine
6400. Core Drug Knowledge
6401. Pharmacotherapeutics
6402. Pharmacokinetics
6403. Pharmacodynamics
6404. Contraindications and Precautions
6405. Adverse Effects
6406. Drug Interactions
6407. TABLE 57.3: Agents That Interact with Carmustine
6408. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
6409. Health Status
6410. Life Span and Gender
6411. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
6412. Environment
6413. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
6414. Planning and Intervention
6415. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
6416. Minimizing Adverse Effects
6417. Providing Patient and Family Education
6418. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
6419. Drugs Closely Related to Carmustine
6420. MEMORY CHIP : Carmustine
6421. ANTITUMOR ANTIBIOTICS
6422. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Doxorubicin HCl
6423. Core Drug Knowledge
6424. Pharmacotherapeutics
6425. Pharmacokinetics
6426. Pharmacodynamics
6427. Contraindications and Precautions
6428. Adverse Effects
6429. Drug Interactions
6430. TABLE 57.4: Agents That Interact with Doxorubicin
6431. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
6432. Health Status
6433. Life Span and Gender
6434. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
6435. Environment
6436. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
6437. Planning and Intervention
6438. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
6439. Minimizing Adverse Effects
6440. Providing Patient and Family Education
6441. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
6442. Drugs Closely Related to Doxorubicin
6443. MEMORY CHIP : Doxorubicin HCI
6444. Drugs Significantly Different From Doxorubicin
6445. HORMONES AND HORMONE ANTAGONISTS
6446. Antiestrogens
6447. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Tamoxifen
6448. Core Drug Knowledge
6449. Pharmacotherapeutics
6450. Pharmacokinetics
6451. Pharmacodynamics
6452. Contraindications and Precautions
6453. Adverse Effects
6454. Drug Interactions
6455. TABLE 57.5: Agents That Interact with Tamoxifen
6456. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
6457. Health Status
6458. Life Span and Gender
6459. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
6460. Environment
6461. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
6462. Planning and Intervention
6463. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
6464. Minimizing Adverse Effects
6465. Providing Patient and Family Education
6466. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
6467. Drugs Significantly Different From Tamoxifen
6468. Adrenocorticosteroids
6469. MEMORY CHIP : Tamoxifen
6470. Androgens, Estrogens, and Progestins
6471. Antiandrogens
6472. Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogues
6473. Aromatase Inhibitors
6474. MAXIMIZING CELL KILL: COMBINATION THERAPY
6475. BOX 57.6: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
6476. Combination Therapy for Stage III Colon Cancer
6477. The Study
6478. Nursing Implications
6479. Box 57.7: RATING TUMOR RESPONSE
6480. Complete Response
6481. Partial Response
6482. Stable Disease
6483. Progressive Disease
6484. TABLE 57.6: Common Combination Regimens
6485. CHAPTER SUMMARY
6486. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
6487. NEED MORE HELP?
6488. REFERENCES
6489. Back Matter
6490. Answers to Questions for Study and Review
6491. Unit 1: Foundations for Drug Therapy in Nursing
6492. Chapter 1: Nursing Management of Drug Therapy
6493. Chapter 2: Pharmaceuticals: Development, Safeguards, and Delivery
6494. Chapter 3: Drug Administration
6495. Unit 2: Core Drug Knowledge
6496. Chapter 4: Pharmacotherapeutics, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics
6497. Chapter 5: Adverse Effects and Drug Interactions
6498. Unit 3: Core Patient Variables
6499. Chapter 6: Life Span: Children
6500. Chapter 7: Life Span: Pregnant or Breast-Feeding Women
6501. Chapter 8: Life Span: Older Adults
6502. Chapter 9: Lifestyle: Substance Abuse
6503. Chapter 10: Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits: Nutrition and Complementary Medications
6504. Chapter 11: Environment: Influences on Drug Therapy
6505. Chapter 12: Culture: Considerations in Drug Therapy
6506. Unit 4: Peripheral Nervous System Drugs
6507. Chapter 13: Drugs Affecting Adrenergic Function
6508. Chapter 14: Drugs Affecting Cholinergic Function
6509. Unit 5: Central Nervous System Drugs
6510. Chapter 15: Drugs Relieving Anxiety and Promoting Sleep
6511. Chapter 16: Drugs Treating Mood Disorders
6512. Chapter 17: Drugs Treating Psychotic Disorders and Dementia
6513. Chapter 18: Drugs Treating Seizure Disorders
6514. Chapter 19: Drugs Producing Anesthesia and Neuromuscular Blocking
6515. Chapter 20: Drugs Affecting Muscle Spasm and Spasticity
6516. Chapter 21: Drugs Treating Parkinson Disease and Other Movement Disorders
6517. Chapter 22: Drugs Stimulating the Central Nervous System
6518. Unit 6: Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Drugs
6519. Chapter 23: Drugs Treating Severe Pain
6520. Chapter 24: Drugs Treating Mild to Moderate Pain, Fever, Inflammation, and Migraine Headache
6521. Chapter 25: Drugs Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis and Gout
6522. Unit 7: Hematopoietic, Cardiovascular, and Renal System Drugs
6523. Chapter 26: Drugs Affecting Blood Pressure
6524. Chapter 27: Drugs Affecting Urinary Output
6525. Chapter 28: Drugs Affecting Lipid Levels
6526. Chapter 29: Drugs Treating Heart Failure
6527. Chapter 30: Drugs Treating Angina
6528. Chapter 31: Drugs Affecting Cardiac Rhythm
6529. Chapter 32: Drugs Affecting Coagulation
6530. Chapter 33: Drugs Affecting Hematopoiesis
6531. Unit 8: Respiratory System Drugs
6532. Chapter 34: Drugs Affecting the Upper Respiratory System
6533. Chapter 35: Drugs Affecting the Lower Respiratory System
6534. Unit 9: Gastrointestinal Tract Drugs
6535. Chapter 36: Drugs Affecting the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
6536. Chapter 37: Drugs Affecting the Lower Gastrointestinal Tract
6537. Unit 10: Antimicrobial Drugs
6538. Chapter 38: Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy
6539. Chapter 39: Antibiotics Affecting the Bacterial Cell Wall
6540. Chapter 40: Antibiotics Affecting Protein Synthesis
6541. Chapter 41: Drugs That Are Miscellaneous Antibiotics
6542. Chapter 42: Drugs Treating Urinary Tract Infections
6543. Chapter 43: Drugs Treating Mycobacterial Infections
6544. Chapter 44: Drugs Treating Fungal Infections
6545. Chapter 45: Drugs Treating Viral Infections
6546. Chapter 46: Drugs Treating HIV Infection and AIDS
6547. Chapter 47: Drugs Treating Parasitic Infections
6548. Unit 11: Endocrine Drugs
6549. Chapter 48: Drugs Affecting Corticosteroid Levels
6550. Chapter 49: Drugs Affecting Blood Glucose Levels
6551. Chapter 50: Drugs Affecting Pituitary, Thyroid, Parathyroid, and Hypothalamic Function
6552. Chapter 51: Drugs Affecting Men’s Health and Sexuality
6553. Chapter 52: Drugs Affecting Women’s Health and Sexuality
6554. Chapter 53: Drugs Affecting Uterine Mobility
6555. Unit 12: Immune System and Cancer Chemotherapy Drugs
6556. Chapter 54: Drugs Affecting the Immune Response
6557. Chapter 55: Targeted Therapies
6558. Chapter 56: Drugs That Are Cell Cycle-Specific
6559. Chapter 57: Drugs That Are Cell Cycle-Nonspecific
6560. Index

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