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Test Bank for Ebersole and Hess Gerontological Nursing and Healthy Aging, 4th Edition : Touhy

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Ebersole & Hess’ Gerontological Nursing and Healthy Aging is the only gerontological nursing text that follows a wellness-based, holistic approach to older adult care. Designed to facilitate healthy aging regardless of the situation or disease process, this text goes beyond simply tracking recommended treatments to address complications, alleviate discomfort, and help older adults lead healthy lives. Featuring evidence-based practice boxes, safety alerts, expanded tables, and careful attention to age, gender, and cultural differences, Ebersole & Hess’ Gerontological Nursing and Healthy Aging is the most complete text on the market.

 

Table of Content:

  1. Section 1 Foundations of Healthy Aging
  2. Interactive Review – Section 1
  3. CHAPTER 1 Introduction to healthy aging
  4. Learning objectives
  5. Glossary
  6. Aging in the United States
  7. BOX 1-1 Super-Centenarian Extraordinaire: Jeanne Louise Calment
  8. Global aging
  9. FIGURE 1-1 Population 65 years of age and over, by race and Hispanic origin: 2008 and projected 2050.
  10. BOX 1-2 Use of Select Clinical Preventive Services by Race and Ethnicity
  11. American indian/alaskan native adults
  12. Asian/pacific islander adults
  13. Black american adults
  14. Hispanic adults
  15. White adults
  16. Moving toward healthy aging
  17. FIGURE 1-2 Average annual percent growth of older population in developed and developing countries: 1950 to 2050.
  18. FIGURE 1-3 Percent change in world population by age, 2005 to 2040.
  19. FIGURE 1-4 Proportion of women in specific age groups, worldwide, 2009.
  20. FIGURE 1-5 Healthy aging.
  21. FIGURE 1-6 Growth potential: crisis as a challenge.
  22. TABLE 1-1 Intervention to Promote Wellness
  23. HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020
  24. Overarching goals
  25. HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020
  26. Emerging issues in the health of older adults
  27. Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs
  28. FIGURE 1-7 Human needs and wellness diagnoses using Maslow’s Hierarchy framework. ADLs, Activities of daily living.
  29. BOX 1-3 Orem’s Universal Self-Care Requirements
  30. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  31. Key concepts
  32. Activities and discussion questions
  33. Resources
  34. References
  35. CHAPTER 2 Gerontological nursing history, education, and roles
  36. Learning objectives
  37. Care of older adults: A nursing imperative
  38. BOX 2-1 Reflections on Gerontological Nursing from Gerontological Nursing Pioneers and Current Leaders in the Field
  39. Doris schwartz, gerontological nursing pioneer
  40. Mary opal wolanin, gerontological nursing pioneer
  41. Terry fulmer, dean, college of nursing, new york university and co-director, john a. hartford institute for geriatric nursing
  42. Neville strumpf, edith clement chair in gerontological nursing, university of pennsylvania, director of the hartford center of geriatric nursing excellence and center for gerontological nursing science
  43. Mathy mezey, professor emeritus and associate director, the hartford institute for geriatric nursing, New York university college of nursing
  44. Jennifer lingler, PHD, FNP
  45. HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020
  46. Older adults
  47. History of gerontological nursing
  48. Early history
  49. TABLE 2-1 Professionalization of Gerontological Nursing
  50. Current initiatives
  51. Gerontological nursing education
  52. BOX 2-2 Future Directions for Gerontological Nursing Research as Suggested by Wykle and Tappen
  53. Gerontological nursing research
  54. Roles in gerontological nursing
  55. Specialist roles
  56. Generalist roles
  57. Acute care
  58. Community- and home-based care
  59. Skilled nursing facilities/nursing homes
  60. BOX 2-3 Focus of Acute and Long-Term Care
  61. Acute care orientation
  62. Long-term care orientation
  63. BOX 2-4 Goals of Long-Term Care
  64. Certified nursing assistants and nurse aides
  65. Gerontological nursing and gerontology organizations
  66. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  67. Key concepts
  68. Activities and discussion questions
  69. Resources
  70. References
  71. CHAPTER 3 Care across the continuum
  72. Learning objectives
  73. Glossary
  74. FIGURE 3-1 Essential elements of an elder-friendly community.
  75. Elder-friendly communities
  76. FIGURE 3-2 Continuum of residential options based on level of assistance needed.
  77. Residential options in later life
  78. Shared housing
  79. BOX 3-1 Planning to Add an Older Person to the Household
  80. Questions you should ask:
  81. Modifications you have to make:
  82. Discuss potential areas of conflict:
  83. Decrease areas of conflict by the following:
  84. Population-specific communities
  85. Senior retirement communities
  86. Community and home care
  87. Adult day services
  88. Residential care facilities
  89. BOX 3-2 Profile of a Resident in an Assisted Living Facility
  90. Assisted living
  91. Continuing care retirement communities
  92. Acute care
  93. Nursing homes (long-term care facilities)
  94. BOX 3-3 Members of the Rehabilitation Care Team
  95. Costs of care
  96. Quality of care
  97. The culture change movement
  98. BOX 3-4 Selecting a Nursing Home
  99. Central focus
  100. Interaction
  101. Milieu
  102. Environment
  103. Individualized care
  104. Staff
  105. Safety
  106. BOX 3-5 Bill of Rights for Long-Term Care Residents
  107. BOX 3-6 Changing the Culture in Nursing Homes
  108. Institution-centered culture
  109. Person-centered culture
  110. Improving transitions across the continuum of care
  111. SAFETY ALERT
  112. Improving transitional care
  113. BOX 3-7 Suggested Elements of Transitional Care Models
  114. Relocation
  115. BOX 3-8 Assessment of Relocation
  116. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  117. BOX 3-9 Relocation Stress Syndrome
  118. Defining characteristics
  119. Major
  120. Minor
  121. Related factors
  122. Sample diagnostic statement
  123. Expected outcomes
  124. Expected short-term goals
  125. Expected long-term goals
  126. Specific nursing interventions
  127. Key concepts
  128. Activities and discussion questions
  129. Resources
  130. References
  131. CHAPTER 4 Culture and aging
  132. Learning objectives
  133. Glossary
  134. TABLE 4-1 Blacks Compared with Whites on Measures of Quality and Access: Specific Measures, 2009*
  135. TABLE 4-2 Percentage of Persons 65 Years of Age and Older in the United States from Minority Groups in 2009
  136. BOX 4-1 Examples of Health Disparities Relevant to Older Adults
  137. African americans
  138. The gerontological explosion
  139. BOX 4-2 Racism in the Boston Naming Test*
  140. Health disparities
  141. Reducing health disparities
  142. Increasing cultural competence
  143. Awareness
  144. BOX 4-3 Unintentional Ageism in Language and Its Effects
  145. Knowledge
  146. Western or biomedical system
  147. Personalistic or magicoreligious system
  148. Naturalistic or holistic health system
  149. Skills
  150. Working with interpreters
  151. BOX 4-4 Working with Interpreters
  152. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  153. BOX 4-5 The Explanatory Model for Culturally Sensitive Assessment
  154. BOX 4-6 The LEARN Model
  155. BOX 4-7 Providing Culturally Welcoming Services
  156. Cross-cultural caring and long-term care
  157. Culture, nursing, and maslow’s hierarchy of needs
  158. Key concepts
  159. Activities and discussion questions
  160. Resources
  161. References
  162. CHAPTER 5 Theories of aging and physical changes
  163. Learning objectives
  164. Glossary
  165. BOX 5-1 Emerging Biological Theories of Aging
  166. Neuroendocrine control or pacemaker theory
  167. Genetic research
  168. Progerin and telomers
  169. Biological theories of aging
  170. Error (stochastic) theories
  171. Wear-and-tear theory
  172. Cross-link theory
  173. Oxidative stress theory (free radical theory)
  174. Programmed aging (nonstochastic theories)
  175. Neuroendocrine-immunological theory
  176. Physical changes that accompany aging
  177. Integumentary
  178. Epidermis
  179. Dermis
  180. Hypodermis: Subcutaneous layer
  181. BOX 5-2 Promoting Healthy Skin While Aging
  182. Hair and nails
  183. Musculoskeletal
  184. BOX 5-3 Promoting Healthy Bones and Muscles
  185. Structure, posture, and body composition
  186. Cardiovascular
  187. Cardiac
  188. FIGURE 5-1 Changes in body water distribution.
  189. BOX 5-4 Promoting a Healthy Heart
  190. Blood vessels
  191. FIGURE 5-2 Changes in lung volumes with aging.
  192. BOX 5-5 Promoting Healthy Lungs
  193. Respiratory
  194. Renal
  195. Endocrine
  196. Pancreas
  197. Thyroid
  198. Reproductive
  199. Female reproductive system
  200. Male reproductive system
  201. Digestive
  202. Mouth
  203. Esophagus
  204. Stomach
  205. BOX 5-6 Promoting Healthy Digestion
  206. Intestines
  207. Accessory organs
  208. Neurological
  209. Central nervous system (CNS)
  210. FIGURE 5-3 Changes in the brain with aging.
  211. Peripheral nervous system
  212. BOX 5-7 Promoting Healthy Eyes
  213. BOX 5-8 Promoting Healthy Hearing
  214. Sensory
  215. Eye and vision
  216. Extraocular.
  217. Ocular.
  218. Intraocular.
  219. Ear and hearing
  220. Immunological
  221. HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020
  222. Goals to reduce potentially preventable infections
  223. HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020
  224. Goals for immunizations
  225. Concluding statement
  226. Application of maslow’s hierarchy
  227. Key concepts
  228. Activities and discussion questions
  229. Resources
  230. References
  231. CHAPTER 6 Social, psychological, spiritual, and cognitive aspects of aging
  232. Learning objectives
  233. Glossary
  234. Social, psychological, spiritual, and cognitive aspects of aging
  235. Life span development approach
  236. Types of aging
  237. Sociological theories of aging
  238. Disengagement theory
  239. Activity theory
  240. Continuity theory
  241. Age-stratification theory
  242. Social exchange theory
  243. Modernization theory
  244. Symbolic interaction theories
  245. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  246. Psychological theories of aging
  247. Jung’s theories of personality
  248. BOX 6-1 Areas of Potential Nursing Assessment and Education Consistent with the Sociological Theories of Aging
  249. Developmental theories
  250. BOX 6-2 Havighurst’s Developmental Tasks
  251. Middle age
  252. Later maturity
  253. BOX 6-3 Characteristics of Gerotranscendence
  254. Theory of gerotranscendence
  255. Spirituality and aging
  256. BOX 6-4 Identifying Elders at Risk for Spiritual Distress
  257. Spirituality and nursing
  258. BOX 6-5 Questions to Begin Dialogue About Spiritual Concerns
  259. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  260. Assessment
  261. Residents attend a religious service at a nursing center.
  262. BOX 6-6 Spiritual Nursing Responses
  263. BOX 6-7 Personal Questions on Spirituality for Reflection by Nurses
  264. Interventions
  265. Nurturing the spirit of the nurse
  266. Cognition and aging
  267. BOX 6-8 Myths About Aging and the Brain
  268. Fluid and crystallized intelligence
  269. Memory
  270. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  271. Interventions to promote cognitive health
  272. Learning in late life
  273. Health literacy
  274. BOX 6-9 Guiding Older Adult Learners
  275. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  276. Application of maslow’s hierarchy
  277. Key concepts
  278. Activities and discussion questions
  279. Resources
  280. References
  281. Section 2 Fundamentals of Caring
  282. Interactive Review – Section 2
  283. CHAPTER 7 Assessment and documentation for optimal care
  284. Learning objectives
  285. Glossary
  286. Assessment tools in gerontological nursing
  287. Collecting assessment data
  288. EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE: General Geriatric Assessment Instruments in the Hartford Institute for Geriatric Nursing Try This:® Series
  289. The health history
  290. Physical assessment
  291. TABLE 7-1 Considerations of Common Changes in Late Life During the Physical Assessment
  292. Comprehensive physical assessment of the frail and medically complex elder
  293. F—fluids
  294. A—aeration
  295. N—nutrition
  296. C—communication
  297. A—activity
  298. P—pain
  299. E—elimination
  300. BOX 7-1 Clock Drawing Test
  301. Instructions
  302. Scoring
  303. Interpretation
  304. BOX 7-2 The Mini-Cog
  305. S—socialization and social skills
  306. Mental status assessment
  307. Cognitive measures
  308. Mini-mental state examination.
  309. Clock drawing test.
  310. The mini-cog.
  311. The global deterioration scale
  312. Mood measures
  313. Functional assessment
  314. Activites of daily living
  315. BOX 7-3 Functional Performance Tests: Mobility
  316. Standing balance
  317. Instructions: Semitandem stand.* the nurse:
  318. Walking speed
  319. Instructions: The nurse:
  320. Chair stands
  321. Instructions: The nurse:
  322. TABLE 7-2 Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living
  323. BOX 7-4 Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
  324. Instrumental activities of daily living
  325. Integrated assessments
  326. Older american’s resources and service
  327. Social resources.
  328. Economic resources.
  329. Mental health.
  330. Physical health.
  331. Activities of daily living.
  332. Fulmer SPICES
  333. Resident assessment instrument (RAI)
  334. OASIS-C
  335. Documentation for quality care
  336. Documentation across health care settings
  337. Documentation in acute care and acute rehabilitation care settings
  338. Documentation in long-term care facilities
  339. Documentation in home care
  340. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  341. Key concepts
  342. Activities and discussion questions
  343. APPENDIX 7-1 Chapters in which assessment topics are addressed
  344. Resources
  345. References
  346. CHAPTER 8 Safe medication use
  347. Learning objectives
  348. Glossary
  349. Pharmacokinetics
  350. Absorption
  351. FIGURE 8-1 Physiological changes of aging and the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drug use.
  352. Distribution
  353. TABLE 8-1 Interaction of Aging and Drug Response, Select Medications
  354. BOX 8-1 Focus on Genetics
  355. Metabolism
  356. TABLE 8-2 Drugs to Watch: Examples of Commonly Used Medications Affected by Normal Changes with Aging
  357. Excretion
  358. Pharmacodynamics
  359. TABLE 8-3 Selected Herb-Medication and Herb-Disease Interactions
  360. TABLE 8-4 Rhythmical Influences on Disease and Physiological Processes
  361. Chronopharmacology
  362. Medication-related problems and older adults
  363. Polypharmacy
  364. FIGURE 8-2 Polypharmacy.
  365. Drug interactions
  366. Adverse drug reactions
  367. BOX 8-2 Common Medications with the Potential to Cause Cognitive Impairment
  368. Potentially inappropriate medication (PIM)
  369. TABLE 8-5 Examples of Drugs Considered Inappropriate for the Elderly
  370. Misuse of drugs
  371. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  372. Assessment
  373. BOX 8-3 Components of a Comprehensive Medication Assessment
  374. BOX 8-4 Common Sources of Iatrogenic Drug Problems in Older Adults
  375. BOX 8-5 Minimizing Iatrogenic Adverse Drug Reactions
  376. Monitoring and evaluation
  377. BOX 8-6 Empowering the Patient for Safe Medication Practices: What Elders Should Know About Taking Their Medications
  378. Patient education
  379. Medication administration
  380. SAFETY ALERT: Administration of Medications Through Enteral Feeding Tubes: The Three Most Common Errors
  381. Psychoactive medications
  382. Antidepressants
  383. Antianxiety agents
  384. Antipsychotics (neuroleptics)
  385. Movement disorders
  386. Acute dystonia.
  387. Akathisia.
  388. Parkinsonian symptoms.
  389. Tardive dyskinesia.
  390. Mood stabilizers
  391. BOX 8-7 The Right Medications for Older Adults
  392. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  393. Key concepts
  394. Activities and discussion questions
  395. Resources
  396. References
  397. CHAPTER 9 Nutrition and hydration
  398. Learning objectives
  399. Glossary
  400. Nutrition
  401. HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020: Nutrition and Weight Status
  402. Age-related requirements
  403. Myplate for older adults
  404. Other dietary recommendations
  405. Fats
  406. Protein
  407. FIGURE 9-1 MyPlate for older adults. Available at
  408. Fiber
  409. Vitamins and minerals
  410. TABLE 9-1 Calcium Content of Several Common Foods
  411. Obesity (overnutrition)
  412. Malnutrition
  413. FIGURE 9-2 Risk factors for undernutrition illustrated by clinical approach.
  414. Factors affecting fulfillment of nutritional needs
  415. Age-associated changes
  416. Taste
  417. Smell
  418. Digestive system
  419. Buccal cavity
  420. Regulation of appetite
  421. Lifelong eating habits
  422. Socialization
  423. Chronic diseases and conditions
  424. Socioeconomic deprivation
  425. Transportation
  426. Hospitalization and long-term care residence
  427. BOX 9-1 Suggestions to Improve Intake in Institutional Settings
  428. BOX 9-2 Suggestions to Improve Intake for Individuals with Dementia
  429. Dementia
  430. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  431. Nutritional screening and assessment
  432. FIGURE 9-3 Nutritional assessment and approaches.
  433. Evidence-Based Practice: Nutrition, Oral Care, Hydration
  434. Interview
  435. FIGURE 9-4 Mini Nutritional Assessment.
  436. Diet histories
  437. Physical examination
  438. Anthropometrical measurements
  439. Biochemical examination
  440. Interventions
  441. Pharmacological therapy
  442. Patient education
  443. Special considerations in nutrition for older people: Hydration, dysphagia, oral care
  444. Hydration management
  445. Dehydration
  446. Risk factors for dehydration
  447. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  448. Assessment
  449. BOX 9-3 Simple Screen for Dehydration
  450. BOX 9-4 Ongoing Management of Oral Intake
  451. Interventions
  452. Dysphagia
  453. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  454. Assessment
  455. BOX 9-5 Risk Factors for Dysphagia
  456. BOX 9-6 Interventions to Prevent Aspiration in Patients with Dysphagia: Hand Feeding
  457. Interventions
  458. BOX 9-7 Myths and Facts about PEG Tubes
  459. Myths
  460. Facts
  461. Feeding tubes
  462. Oral care
  463. HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020
  464. Dental health goals for older adults
  465. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  466. Assessment
  467. Interventions
  468. BOX 9-8 Dental Care: Instructions for Caregivers
  469. BOX 9-9 Instructions for Denture Cleaning
  470. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  471. Application of maslow’s hierarchy
  472. Key concepts
  473. Activities and discussion questions
  474. Animations/Videos
  475. Resources
  476. References
  477. CHAPTER 10 Elimination
  478. Learning objectives
  479. Glossary
  480. Elimination
  481. Bladder function
  482. Age-related changes
  483. Urinary incontinence
  484. EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE: Continence Care
  485. Bladder continence/UTI
  486. Bowel continence
  487. Prevalence of UI
  488. Risk factors for UI
  489. Consequences of UI
  490. BOX 10-1 Risk Factors for Urinary Incontinence
  491. Types of UI
  492. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  493. Assessment
  494. Interventions
  495. Behavioral
  496. FIGURE 10-1 CHAMMP tool.
  497. FIGURE 10-2 Diagnostic assessment and management of urinary incontinence and overactive bladder in the nursing home.
  498. FIGURE 10-3 Sample voiding or bladder diary.
  499. BOX 10-2 Therapeutic Modalities in the Treatment of Incontinence
  500. Support measures
  501. Drugs
  502. Surgery
  503. Mechanical and electrical devices Catheters
  504. BOX 10-3 Helpful Interventions for Noninstitutionalized Elders to Control or Eliminate Incontinence
  505. Lifestyle modifications
  506. Urinary catheters
  507. SAFETY ALERT
  508. Urinary tract infections
  509. Absorbent products
  510. Pharmacological
  511. Surgical
  512. Nonsurgical devices
  513. Bowel elimination
  514. Fecal impaction
  515. BOX 10-4 Precipitating Factors for Constipation
  516. Physiological
  517. Functional
  518. Mechanical
  519. Other
  520. Psychological
  521. Systemic
  522. Pharmacological
  523. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  524. Assessment
  525. BOX 10-5 Rome III Criteria for Defining Chronic Functional Constipation in Adults
  526. Interventions
  527. Exercise
  528. BOX 10-6 Bowel Training Program
  529. Positioning
  530. Regularity
  531. Laxatives
  532. BOX 10-7 Natural Laxative Recipes
  533. 1. Beverley-travis natural laxative mixture
  534. Ingredients
  535. Directions
  536. Dosage
  537. Nutritional composition
  538. 2. Power pudding
  539. Ingredients
  540. Directions
  541. Enemas
  542. SAFETY ALERT
  543. Fecal incontinence
  544. Implications for gerontological nursing and healhty aging
  545. Assessment
  546. Interventions
  547. Application of maslow’s hierarchy
  548. Key concepts
  549. Activities and discussion questions
  550. Resources
  551. References
  552. CHAPTER 11 Rest, sleep, and activity
  553. Learning objectives
  554. Glossary
  555. Rest and sleep
  556. BOX 11-1 Sleep Structure
  557. Four stages of non–rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep
  558. Stage 1
  559. Stage 2
  560. Stage 3
  561. Stage 4
  562. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
  563. HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020
  564. Sleep health
  565. Biorhythm and sleep
  566. Sleep and aging
  567. BOX 11-2 Age-Related Sleep Changes
  568. BOX 11-3 Factors Contributing to Sleep Problems in Older Adults
  569. Sleep disorders
  570. Insomnia
  571. Sleep apnea
  572. BOX 11-4 Risk Factors for Sleep Apnea
  573. Assessment.
  574. Interventions.
  575. Restless legs syndrome
  576. Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder
  577. Circadian rhythm sleep disorders
  578. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  579. Assessment
  580. BOX 11-5 Sleep Diary
  581. EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE: Sleep
  582. Interventions
  583. Nonpharmacological treatment
  584. Pharmacological treatment
  585. BOX 11-6 Steps to Good Sleep Hygiene
  586. BOX 11-7 Suggestions to Promote Sleep in Nursing Homes
  587. Activity
  588. HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020
  589. Physical activity
  590. Aquatic exercise. Aquatic exercise programs are beneficial for elders with mobility problems. They improve circulation, muscle strength, and endurance, and they provide socialization and relaxation.
  591. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  592. Assessment
  593. Interventions
  594. Guidelines for physical activity
  595. Stretching.
  596. Special considerations
  597. Yoga. Vera Paley leads yoga class.
  598. Exercise prescription
  599. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  600. Application of maslow’s hierarchy
  601. FIGURE 11-1 Examples of strength-training exercises.
  602. TABLE 11-1 Guidelines for Teaching Older Adults About Exercise
  603. Key concepts
  604. Activities and discussion questions
  605. Resources
  606. References
  607. CHAPTER 12 Promoting healthy skin and feet
  608. Learning objectives
  609. Glossary
  610. Skin
  611. Common skin problems
  612. Xerosis
  613. Pruritus
  614. Scabies
  615. Purpura
  616. Keratoses
  617. Herpes zoster
  618. Photo damage of the skin
  619. Skin cancers
  620. BOX 12-1 ABCD Rules of Melanoma
  621. Actinic keratosis
  622. Basal cell carcinoma
  623. Squamous cell carcinoma
  624. Melanoma
  625. Cancer
  626. Other skin conditions
  627. Candidiasis (candida albicans)
  628. Pressure ulcers
  629. Definition
  630. Prevalence
  631. Cost and regulatory requirements
  632. Characteristics
  633. Classification
  634. FIGURE 12-1 Pressure ulcer development.
  635. Risk factors
  636. Prevention
  637. EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE: Pressure Ulcers
  638. Consequences
  639. BOX 12-2 Key Aspects of Assessment of a Pressure Ulcer
  640. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  641. Assessment
  642. Interventions
  643. BOX 12-3 Promoting Wound Healing
  644. Healthy feet
  645. Common foot problems
  646. Corns, calluses, and bunions
  647. Hammer toes
  648. Fungal infections
  649. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  650. Assessment
  651. FIGURE 12-2 Cutting toenails. A, Correct angle and shape. B, Incorrect angle and shape.
  652. BOX 12-4 Essential Aspects of Foot Assessment
  653. Observation of mobility
  654. Past medical history
  655. Bilateral assessment
  656. Interventions
  657. Care of the toenails
  658. Key concepts
  659. Activities and discussion questions
  660. Resources
  661. References
  662. CHAPTER 13 Promoting safety
  663. Learning objectives
  664. Glossary
  665. Promotion of safety
  666. Falls and fall risk reduction
  667. BOX 13-1 Statistics on Falls and Fall-Related Concerns
  668. HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020
  669. Falls, fall prevention, injury
  670. SAFETY ALERT
  671. Consequences of falls
  672. Hip fractures
  673. Traumatic brain injury
  674. Fallophobia
  675. TABLE 13-1 Signs and Symptoms of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) in Older Adults
  676. Factors contributing to falls
  677. Gait disturbances
  678. Foot deformities
  679. Postural and postprandial hypotension
  680. TABLE 13-2 Fall Risk Factors for Elders
  681. Cognitive impairment
  682. Vision and hearing
  683. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  684. Screening and assessment
  685. Fall risk assessment instruments
  686. FIGURE 13-1 The Hendrich II Fall Risk Model, a fall risk assessment tool recommended by the Hartford Institute for Geriatric Nursing.
  687. Postfall assessment
  688. BOX 13-2 Postfall Assessment Suggestions
  689. History
  690. Physical examination
  691. Functional assessment
  692. Environmental assessment
  693. Interventions
  694. EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE: Fall Risk Reduction and Restraint Alternatives
  695. BOX 13-3 The Ruby Slipper Fall Intervention Program
  696. BOX 13-4 Selected Components of Fall Risk–Reduction Interventions
  697. Medication review
  698. Environmental modifications
  699. TABLE 13-3 Assessment and Interventions of the Home Environment for Older Persons
  700. Assistive devices
  701. Maintaining ambulation and safety with appropriate assistive devices.
  702. A physical therapist helping a client to ambulate.
  703. Emerging technologies to enhance safety of older adults
  704. Restraints and side rails
  705. Definition and history
  706. Consequences of restraints
  707. Side rails
  708. Restraint-free care
  709. FIGURE 13-2 Decision algorithm: behavior management and restraint-free care.
  710. BOX 13-5 Suggestions for Fall Risk Reduction and Restraint Alternatives
  711. Patient room
  712. Bathroom
  713. On the unit
  714. BOX 13-6 Tips for Dealing with Tubes, Lines, and Other Medical Devices
  715. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  716. Environmental safety
  717. Vulnerability to environmental temperatures
  718. BOX 13-7 Interventions to Prevent Hyperthermia
  719. Thermoregulation
  720. Temperature monitoring in older adults.
  721. SAFETY ALERT
  722. BOX 13-8 Factors That Increase the Risk of Hypothermia in Older Adults
  723. Thermoregulatory impairment
  724. Conditions that decrease heat production
  725. Conditions that increase heat loss
  726. Conditions that impair central or peripheral control of thermoregulation
  727. Drugs that interfere with thermoregulation
  728. Hyperthermia
  729. Hypothermia
  730. BOX 13-9 Factors Associated with Low Body Temperature in the Elderly
  731. Aging
  732. Low environmental temperature
  733. Thinness and malnutrition
  734. Poverty
  735. Living alone
  736. Nocturia/night rising
  737. Orthostatic hypotension
  738. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  739. Vulnerability to natural disasters
  740. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  741. BOX 13-10 Nursing Interventions to Prevent Cold Discomfort and the Development of Accidental Hypothermia in Frail Elders
  742. Desired outcomes
  743. Interventions
  744. Transportation safety
  745. Driving
  746. Driving safety
  747. Driving and dementia
  748. Driving cessation
  749. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  750. BOX 13-11 Action Strategies Used to Bring About Driving Cessation
  751. Imposed type
  752. Involved type
  753. BOX 13-12 Adaptations for Safer Driving
  754. Application of maslow’s hierarchy
  755. Key concepts
  756. Activities and discussion questions
  757. Resources
  758. References
  759. Section 3 Coping with Chronic Disorders in Late Life
  760. Interactive Review – Section 3
  761. CHAPTER 14 Living with chronic illness
  762. Learning objectives
  763. Glossary
  764. Chronic illness
  765. Scope of the problem
  766. Chronic and acute illnesses
  767. Chronic illness and aging
  768. FIGURE 14-1 Chronic health conditions among the population 65 years of age and over, by sex, 2007–2008.
  769. FIGURE 14-2 Activity limitation caused by chronic conditions among older adults, 2006-2007.
  770. TABLE 14-1 The Chronic Illness Trajectory
  771. BOX 14-1 Key Strategies for Improving the Health of Older People
  772. Prevention
  773. Wellness in chronic illness
  774. Theoretical frameworks for chronic illness
  775. Chronic illness trajectory
  776. The shifting perspectives model of chronic illness
  777. BOX 14-2 Key Points in the Chronic Illness Trajectory Framework
  778. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  779. Assessment
  780. BOX 14-3 Nursing Roles in Caring for Persons with Chronic Illness
  781. Interventions
  782. Improving care for chronic illness
  783. BOX 14-4 Challenges in the Care of the Older Person with a Chronic Illness
  784. Model chronic illness self-management programs
  785. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  786. BOX 14-5 Competencies to Improve Care for Chronic Conditions
  787. 1 Patient-centered care
  788. 2 Partnering
  789. 3 Quality improvement
  790. 4 Information and communication technology
  791. 5 Public health perspective
  792. BOX 14-6 Characteristics of Successful Chronic Illness Management Models
  793. Application of maslow’s hierarchy
  794. Key concepts
  795. Activities and discussion questions
  796. Resources
  797. References
  798. CHAPTER 15 Pain and comfort
  799. Learning objectives
  800. Glossary
  801. BOX 15-1 Fact and Fiction About Pain in Older Adults
  802. BOX 15-2 Types of Physical Pain Sensations
  803. EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE: Pain Management
  804. Acute and persistent pain
  805. Acute pain
  806. Persistent pain
  807. BOX 15-3 Barriers to Pain Management in Older Adults
  808. Health care professional barriers
  809. Patient and family barriers
  810. Health care system barriers
  811. Herpes zoster
  812. Pain in elders with cognitive impairments
  813. BOX 15-4 Pain Cues in the Person with Communication Difficulties
  814. Changes in behavior
  815. Activities of daily living
  816. Vocalizations
  817. Physical changes
  818. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  819. Assessment
  820. FIGURE 15-1 Examples of visual analog scales. A, Example of a visual analog scale (VAS) showing a series of faces with expressions of varying intensities. B, Example of a numeric rating scale.
  821. BOX 15-5 Basic Pain Assessment
  822. BOX 15-6 Additional Factors to Consider When Assessing Pain in Older Adults
  823. BOX 15-7 Hierarchy of Pain Assessment in the Cognitively Impaired
  824. Assessment of pain in cognitively impaired or nonverbal older adults
  825. BOX 15-8 “Did My Back Hurt?”
  826. Interventions
  827. FIGURE 15-2 WHO’s Pain Relief Ladder.
  828. BOX 15-9 General Principles of Pharmacological Management of Pain in Older Adults
  829. Pharmacological interventions
  830. Nonopioid analgesics.
  831. SAFETY ALERT
  832. SAFETY ALERT
  833. Opioid analgesics.
  834. Adjuvant drugs.
  835. Other agents.
  836. Nonpharmacological measures of pain relief
  837. Cutaneous nerve stimulation.
  838. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.
  839. Acupuncture and acupressure.
  840. Touch.
  841. Biofeedback.
  842. Distraction.
  843. Relaxation, meditation, and imagery.
  844. Pain clinics
  845. Evaluation
  846. Key concepts
  847. Activities and discussion questions
  848. Resources
  849. References
  850. CHAPTER 16 Diseases affecting vision and hearing
  851. Learning objectives
  852. Glossary
  853. HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020
  854. Objectives vision – older adults
  855. HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020
  856. Objectives hearing – older adults
  857. Vision
  858. Diseases of the eye
  859. Glaucoma
  860. FIGURE 16-1 A, Normal vision. B, Simulated vision with glaucoma. C, Simulated vision with cataracts. D, Simulated vision with diabetic retinopathy. E, Simulated loss of vision with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
  861. Screening and treatment.
  862. Cataracts
  863. Diabetic retinopathy
  864. Screening and treatment.
  865. Macular degeneration
  866. FIGURE 16-2 Macular degeneration distortion of central vision, normal peripheral vision.
  867. Detached retina
  868. BOX 16-1 Strategies for Communicating with Elders with Visual Impairment
  869. Dry eye
  870. Interventions to enhance vision
  871. Use of contrasting colors
  872. Low-vision assistive devices
  873. Implications for gerontological nurses and healthy aging
  874. BOX 16-2 Do I Have a Hearing Problem?
  875. Hearing impairment
  876. BOX 16-3 Protocol for Cerumen Removal
  877. Types of hearing loss
  878. Tinnitus
  879. Assessment
  880. Interventions to enhance hearing
  881. Hearing Aids
  882. Cochlear implants
  883. BOX 16-4 The Use and Care of Hearing Aids
  884. Hearing aid use
  885. Care of the hearing aid
  886. Removing the hearing aid
  887. Assistive listening and adaptive devices
  888. BOX 16-5 Communication Strategies for Elders with Hearing Impairment
  889. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  890. Application of maslow’s hierarchy
  891. Key concepts
  892. Activities and discussion questions
  893. Animations/Videos
  894. Resources
  895. References
  896. CHAPTER 17 Metabolic disorders
  897. Learning objectives
  898. Glossary
  899. Thyroid disease
  900. Hypothyroidism
  901. Hyperthyroidism
  902. Complications
  903. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  904. BOX 17-1 Diagnosis of Disorders of Glucose Metabolism
  905. Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus requires either:
  906. Diagnosis of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) requires:
  907. Diagnosis of impaired glucose tolerance requires:
  908. Diabetes
  909. FIGURE 17-1 Comparison of prevalence of combined diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus by age group.
  910. FIGURE 17-2 Comparative death rate by racial group.
  911. Signs and symptoms
  912. Complications
  913. BOX 17-2  Risk Factors for Diabetes Mellitus
  914. BOX 17-3  Signs and Symptoms Suggestive of Diabetes in the Late Life
  915. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  916. FIGURE 17-3 Hemoglobin A1c readings in comparison to the calculated estimated average glucose (eAG).
  917. Assessment
  918. Management
  919. EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE: Minimum Standards of Care for the Person with Diabetes
  920. At each visit:
  921. Quarterly visits:
  922. Annual visits:
  923. Once in lifetime:
  924. EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE: Self-Care Skills Needed for the Person with Diabetes
  925. Glucose self-monitoring
  926. Medication self-administration
  927. Where appropriate, insulin use
  928. Oral medication use
  929. Foot care and examination
  930. Handling sick days
  931. HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020: Examples of Goals Related to Diabetes
  932. Objective D-13
  933. Objective D-14
  934. Nutrition
  935. BOX 17-4  Interaction Between Diabetes and the Aging Process
  936. Exercise
  937. Medications
  938. Long-term care and the elder with diabetes
  939. Key concepts
  940. Activities and discussion questions
  941. Animations/Videos
  942. Resources
  943. References
  944. CHAPTER 18 Bone and joint problems
  945. Learning objectives
  946. Glossary
  947. Musculoskeletal system
  948. Osteoporosis
  949. FIGURE 18-1 Osteoporosis spine alignment.
  950. BOX 18-1 Risk Factors for Osteoporosis
  951. Nonmodifiable factors
  952. Modifiable factors
  953. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  954. BOX 18-2 Sources of Calcium
  955. Food item
  956. Reducing osteoporosis-related risk and injury
  957. EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE: The Role of Arthritis and the Risk for Fractures
  958. Purpose
  959. Sample
  960. Method
  961. Results
  962. Implications
  963. Pharmacological interventions
  964. SAFETY ALERT
  965. SAFETY ALERT
  966. The arthritides
  967. Osteoarthritis
  968. FIGURE 18-2 Normal joint and diseased joint.
  969. FIGURE 18-3 Common locations for osteoarthritis.
  970. Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis
  971. TABLE 18-1 Partial List of Signs and Symptoms of Toxicities Related to Common Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) for Rheumatoid Arthritis
  972. Rheumatoid arthritis
  973. Gout
  974. FIGURE 18-4 Hand deformities in arthritis.
  975. BOX 18-3 Examples of Foods High in Purines
  976. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  977. Assessment
  978. Interventions
  979. Complementary and alternative interventions
  980. Application of maslow’s hierarchy
  981. Key concepts
  982. Activities and discussion questions
  983. Animations/Videos
  984. Resources
  985. References
  986. CHAPTER 19 Cardiovascular and respiratory disorders
  987. Learning objectives
  988. Glossary
  989. Cardiovascular disease
  990. BOX 19-1 Risk Factors for Heart Disease
  991. BOX 19-2 Treatment of Chest Pain Differs by Sex and Ethnicity
  992. Hypertension
  993. BOX 19-3 Key Points of the JNC 7
  994. TABLE 19-1 Blood Pressure Classification
  995. TABLE 19-2 Comparative Rates of Hypertension and Heart Disease
  996. BOX 19-4 Modifiable Factors That Increase the Risk for Essential Hypertension
  997. EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE: Screening for Hypertension
  998. Heart disease
  999. Heart failure
  1000. BOX 19-5 Classification of Heart Failure
  1001. Class I: Asymptomatic
  1002. Class II: Mild heart failure
  1003. Class III: Moderate heart failure
  1004. Class IV: Severe heart failure
  1005. HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020: Promoting Healthy Aging: Heart Disease
  1006. BOX 19-6 Skills Required for Promoting Healthy Aging in the Person with Cardiovascular Disease
  1007. BOX 19-7 Minimizing Risk for Heart Disease
  1008. SAFETY ALERT
  1009. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  1010. Assessment
  1011. Interventions
  1012. EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE: Benefits of Controlling Blood Pressure
  1013. Average percent reduction in risk for new events
  1014. Respiratory disorders
  1015. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  1016. Pneumonia
  1017. BOX 19-8 Respiratory Assessment
  1018. Obtain the following history:
  1019. Perform assessment of the following:
  1020. EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE: Risk for Death in the Person with Pneumonia
  1021. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  1022. Assessment
  1023. Interventions
  1024. Interdisciplinary care
  1025. BOX 19-9 Instructions for Persons with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
  1026. Nutrition
  1027. Activity pacing to conserve energy
  1028. General instructions
  1029. HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020
  1030. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
  1031. Applicaton of maslow’s hierarchy
  1032. Tuberculosis (TB)
  1033. Implications for gerontological nursing in long-term care settings
  1034. FIGURE 19-1 TB case rates by age group and sex, United States, 2010; TB case rates by age group and ethnicity, United States, 2010.
  1035. FIGURE 19-2 Rate (per 100,000 population) of tuberculosis cases, by state/area—United States, 2010. Provisional data as of February 26, 2011. *20 states had TB case rates <2.0 (range: 0.61-1.88) per 100,000 population, 19 states had TB case rates of 2.0 to 4.0 (range: 2.07-3.92), and 11 states and the District of Columbia had TB case rates >4.0 (range: 4.15-8.77).
  1036. TABLE 19-3 Understanding the PPD Skin Test for TB Screening*
  1037. BOX 19-10 First-Person Clinical Note: Community Nursing and Persons with Tuberculosis
  1038. Key concepts
  1039. Activities and discussion questions
  1040. Animations/Videos
  1041. References
  1042. CHAPTER 20 Neurological disorders
  1043. Learning objectives
  1044. Glossary
  1045. HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020: Goal in Development: Signs of Stroke
  1046. FIGURE 20-1 Age-adjusted stroke hospitalization rates by gender and race/ethnicity–Medicare beneficiaries ages 65 and older, 1995-2002. Average annual stroke hospitalization rates per 1000 Medicare beneficiaries are directly age-adjusted using the 2000 U.S. standard population aged ≥65 years.
  1047. Cerebrovascular disease
  1048. FIGURE 20-2 Percentage of people who were ever told they had a stroke, 2008.
  1049. BOX 20-1 Relative Risk for a Major Stroke After a TIA
  1050. Etiology
  1051. Ischemic events
  1052. BOX 20-2 Early Signs and Symptoms of Stroke
  1053. Hemorrhagic events
  1054. Signs and symptoms of cerebrovascular disease
  1055. Complications
  1056. Management
  1057. HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020: Goal in Development: Reduce Risk
  1058. SAFETY ALERT
  1059. HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020: Goal in Development: Prompt Treatment
  1060. TABLE 20-1 Assessment of the Person Following a Stroke or TIA
  1061. BOX 20-3 Risk Factors for Stroke
  1062. HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020: Goal in Development: Reduce Complications
  1063. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  1064. HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020: Objectives Related to Strokes: Reduce Stroke-Related Deaths
  1065. Parkinson’s disease
  1066. BOX 20-4 Signs and Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease
  1067. Classic signs and symptoms
  1068. Other signs
  1069. Signs and symptoms
  1070. Management
  1071. SAFETY ALERT
  1072. SAFETY ALERT
  1073. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  1074. EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE: Components of an Annual Medical Exam for the Person with Parkinson’s Disease
  1075. Communication and elders with neurological disorders
  1076. Aphasia
  1077. BOX 20-5 Tips for the Person with Dysarthria
  1078. Dysarthria
  1079. Alternative and augmentative speech Aids
  1080. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  1081. BOX 20-6 Tips for Communicating with Individuals Experiencing Dysarthria
  1082. Application of maslow’s hierarchy
  1083. Key concepts
  1084. Activities and discussion questions
  1085. Resources
  1086. References
  1087. CHAPTER 21 Cognitive impairment
  1088. Learning objectives
  1089. Glossary
  1090. Cognitive impairment
  1091. TABLE 21-1 Differentiating Delirium, Depression, and Dementia
  1092. The three D’s
  1093. Cognitive assessment
  1094. Considerations in cognitive assessment
  1095. Delirium
  1096. Etiology
  1097. Incidence and prevalence
  1098. Recognition of delirium
  1099. Risk factors for delirium
  1100. Clinical subtypes of delirium
  1101. Consequences of delirium
  1102. BOX 21-1 Precipitating Factors for Delirium
  1103. BOX 21-2 Clinical Subtypes of Delirium
  1104. Hypoactive delirium
  1105. Hyperactive delirium
  1106. Mixed
  1107. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  1108. Assessment
  1109. EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE
  1110. Delirium and dementia
  1111. Other resources
  1112. Interventions
  1113. Nonpharmacological
  1114. BOX 21-3 Suggested Interventions to Prevent Delirium
  1115. Pharmacological
  1116. BOX 21-4 Communicating with a Person Experiencing Delirium
  1117. Dementia
  1118. TABLE 21-2 Types of Dementia and Typical Characteristics
  1119. Incidence and prevalence
  1120. HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020: Dementias, Including Alzheimer’s Disease
  1121. Alzheimer’s disease
  1122. Types of alheimer’s disease
  1123. TABLE 21-3 Risk Factors and Protective Factors for Alzheimer’s Disease: Potential Mechanisms
  1124. Research
  1125. Diagnosis of alzheimer’s disease
  1126. Preclinical.
  1127. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
  1128. Alzheimer’s dementia.
  1129. Cultural differences
  1130. Treatment
  1131. Medications.
  1132. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  1133. Person-centered care
  1134. BOX 21-5 General Nursing Interventions in Care of Persons with Dementia
  1135. Communication
  1136. BOX 21-6 Communicating Effectively with Persons with Dementia
  1137. BOX 21-7 Four Useful Strategies for Communicating with Individuals Experiencing Cognitive Impairment
  1138. Simplification strategies (useful with ADLs)
  1139. Facilitation strategies (useful in encouraging expression of thoughts and feelings)
  1140. Comprehension strategies (useful in assisting with understanding of communication)
  1141. Supportive strategies (useful in encouraging continued communication and supporting personhood)
  1142. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  1143. Behavior concerns and nursing models of care
  1144. BOX 21-8 Principles of Care Derived from the PLST Model
  1145. Progressively lowered stress threshold model
  1146. Need-driven dementia-compromised behavior model
  1147. BOX 21-9 Conditions Precipitating Behavioral Symptoms in Persons with Dementia
  1148. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  1149. Assessment
  1150. Interventions
  1151. BOX 21-10 Framework for Asking Questions About the Meaning of Behavior
  1152. What?
  1153. Where?
  1154. When?
  1155. Who?
  1156. Why?
  1157. What now?
  1158. Nonpharmacological approaches
  1159. A nursing home resident enjoying pet therapy.
  1160. Activities of daily living
  1161. Bathing
  1162. Wandering
  1163. BOX 21-11 Interventions for Wandering or Exiting Behaviors
  1164. BOX 21-12 Recommendations to Avoid People with Dementia Getting Lost
  1165. Caregiving for persons with dementia
  1166. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  1167. Application of maslow’s hierarchy
  1168. Key concepts
  1169. FIGURE 21-1 Nurse and person.
  1170. Activities and discussion questions
  1171. Animations/Videos
  1172. Resources
  1173. References
  1174. CHAPTER 22 Mental health
  1175. Learning objectives
  1176. Glossary
  1177. Mental health
  1178. HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020
  1179. Mental health and mental disorders (older adults)
  1180. Factors influencing mental health care
  1181. Attitudes and beliefs
  1182. Settings of care
  1183. Cultural and ethnic disparities
  1184. Mental health disorders
  1185. Anxiety disorders
  1186. Prevalence
  1187. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  1188. Assessment
  1189. Interventions
  1190. Pharmacological
  1191. Nonpharmacological
  1192. Posttraumatic stress disorder
  1193. BOX 22-1 Clinical Examples of PTSD in Older Adults
  1194. Ernie’s story
  1195. Jack’s story
  1196. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  1197. Assessment
  1198. EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE: Mental Health Disorders in Older Adults
  1199. Interventions
  1200. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
  1201. Psychiatric symptoms in older adults
  1202. Paranoid symptoms
  1203. Delusions
  1204. Hallucinations
  1205. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  1206. Assessment
  1207. Interventions
  1208. Demonstrating respect and a willingness to listen is the foundation for a caring nurse-patient relationship.
  1209. Schizophrenia
  1210. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  1211. Interventions
  1212. Bipolar disorder
  1213. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  1214. Assessment
  1215. Interventions
  1216. Depression
  1217. Prevalence and consequences
  1218. Ethnic and cultural considerations
  1219. Etiology
  1220. Differing presentation of depression in elders
  1221. BOX 22-2 Risk Factors for Depression in Older Adults
  1222. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  1223. Assessment
  1224. TABLE 22-1 Geriatric Depression Scale (Short Form)
  1225. Interventions
  1226. BOX 22-3 Suggestions for Encouraging Reminiscence
  1227. Reminiscence and life review
  1228. BOX 22-4 Interpersonal Support by Family and Professionals
  1229. Medications
  1230. Suicide
  1231. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  1232. Assessment
  1233. Interventions
  1234. BOX 22-5 Suicide Risk and Recovery Factors
  1235. Risk factors and warning signs
  1236. Recovery factors
  1237. Substance misuse and alcohol use disorders
  1238. Alcohol
  1239. HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020
  1240. Substance abuse objectives for adults
  1241. Gender issues
  1242. BOX 22-6 Signs and Symptoms of Potential Alcohol Problems in Older Adults
  1243. Drug effects
  1244. Physiology
  1245. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  1246. Assessment
  1247. BOX 22-7 Adapting Alcohol Treatment Interventions for Older Adults
  1248. Interventions
  1249. Acute alcohol withdrawal
  1250. Other substance abuse concerns
  1251. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  1252. Application of maslow’s hierarchy
  1253. Key concepts
  1254. Activities and discussion questions
  1255. Resources
  1256. References
  1257. Section 4 Caring for Elders and Their Caregivers
  1258. Interactive Review – Section 4
  1259. CHAPTER 23 Economic and legal issues
  1260. Learning objectives
  1261. Glossary
  1262. Social security
  1263. Supplemental security income
  1264. Medicare and medicaid
  1265. History
  1266. Medicare
  1267. Medicare A
  1268. BOX 23-1 Medicare Basics
  1269. Medicare A
  1270. Medicare B
  1271. Medicare C
  1272. Medicare D
  1273. Medicare B
  1274. Medicare C
  1275. Medicare D
  1276. Medicaid
  1277. Care for veterans
  1278. BOX 23-2 Eligibility of VA Aid and Attendance Improved Pension
  1279. Tricare for life
  1280. Long-term care insurance
  1281. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  1282. Case and care management
  1283. Multidisciplinary care team planning
  1284. Ensuring quality of care
  1285. Legal issues in gerontological nursing
  1286. Competence (capacity)
  1287. Power of attorney
  1288. Guardians and conservators
  1289. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  1290. BOX 23-3 Profiles of Abused and Abusers
  1291. Abused elders
  1292. Abusers
  1293. Elder mistreatment and neglect
  1294. BOX 23-4 Women and Abuse
  1295. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  1296. Assessment
  1297. BOX 23-5 Potential Indications of Undue Influence
  1298. Interventions
  1299. Mandatory reporting
  1300. Prevention of mistreatment
  1301. EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE: Prevention of Elder Abuse and Mistreatment
  1302. Application of maslow’s hierarchy
  1303. Key concepts
  1304. Activities and discussion questions
  1305. APPENDIX 23-1 Definitions of elder abuse and neglect
  1306. Resources
  1307. References
  1308. CHAPTER 24 Relationships, roles, and transitions
  1309. Learning objectives
  1310. Glossary
  1311. Relationships, roles, and transitions
  1312. Families
  1313. Types of families
  1314. Traditional couples
  1315. Divorce.
  1316. Nontraditional couples
  1317. BOX 24-1 A Grandmother as Seen by an 8-Year-Old Child
  1318. Elders and their adult children
  1319. Never-married older adults
  1320. Grandparents
  1321. Siblings
  1322. Other kin
  1323. Fictive kin
  1324. Later life transitions
  1325. Retirement
  1326. BOX 24-2 Predictors of Retirement Satisfaction
  1327. Retirement planning
  1328. Special considerations in retirement
  1329. BOX 24-3 Phases of Retirement
  1330. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  1331. BOX 24-4 Patterns of Adjustment to Widowhood
  1332. Stage one: Reactionary
  1333. Stage two: Withdrawal
  1334. Stage three: Recuperation
  1335. Stage four: Exploration
  1336. Stage five: Integration
  1337. Death of a spouse
  1338. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  1339. Assessment
  1340. Interventions
  1341. Caregiving
  1342. Impact of caregiving
  1343. BOX 24-5 Suggestions to Reduce Caregiver Stress
  1344. Spousal caregiving
  1345. BOX 24-6 Caregiver Needs
  1346. BOX 24-7 Suggestions for Caregivers
  1347. Aging parents caring for developmentally disabled children
  1348. BOX 24-8 Suggested Nursing Interventions with Grandparent Caregivers
  1349. Grandparents raising grandchildren
  1350. Long-distance caregiving
  1351. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  1352. Assessment
  1353. Family assessment
  1354. BOX 24-9 Nursing Actions to Create and Sustain a Partnership with Caregivers
  1355. Caregiver assessment
  1356. Interventions
  1357. FIGURE 24-1 Interrelationship of dimensions of sexuality.
  1358. Intimacy and sexuality
  1359. Intimacy
  1360. Sexuality
  1361. BOX 24-10 Sexuality and Aging Women: Common Myths
  1362. Love and affection are important to older persons.
  1363. Sexual health
  1364. Factors influencing sexual health
  1365. Expectations.
  1366. Activity levels.
  1367. Cohort and cultural influences.
  1368. Biological changes with age.
  1369. Sexual dysfunction
  1370. TABLE 24-1 Physical Changes in Sexual Response in Old Age
  1371. Male dysfunction.
  1372. Female dysfunction.
  1373. Alternative sexual lifestyles: Lesbian, gay, bixexual, and transgender
  1374. Intimacy and chronic illness
  1375. Intimacy and sexuality in long-term care facilities
  1376. TABLE 24-2 Chronic Illness and Sexual Function: Effects and Interventions
  1377. Intimacy, sexuality, and dementia
  1378. HIV/AIDS and older adults
  1379. BOX 24-11 PLISSIT Model
  1380. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  1381. Sexuality is an important need in late life; it affects pleasure, adaptation, and a general feeling of well-being.
  1382. Assessment
  1383. Interventions
  1384. Key concepts
  1385. Activities and discussion questions
  1386. Resources
  1387. References
  1388. CHAPTER 25 Loss, death, and palliative care
  1389. Learning objectives
  1390. Glossary
  1391. The grieving process
  1392. A loss response model
  1393. FIGURE 25-1 The Loss Response Model.
  1394. Types of grief
  1395. Anticipatory grief
  1396. Acute grief
  1397. BOX 25-1 The Carved Birds
  1398. Chronic and complicated grief
  1399. Disenfranchised grief
  1400. Factors affecting coping with loss
  1401. BOX 25-2 Factors Influencing the Grieving Process
  1402. Additional factors specific to dying and death
  1403. Implications for gerontological nursing and healthy aging
  1404. Assessment
  1405. Interventions
  1406. Countercoping
  1407. Clarification and control.
  1408. Collaboration.
  1409. Directed relief.
  1410. Cooling off.
  1411. Dying, death, and palliative care
  1412. FIGURE 25-2 The living-dying interval.
  1413. BOX 25-3 Functional Disruption: The Dirty Dishes
  1414. Conceptual models
  1415. The living-dying interval
  1416. Implications for gerontological nursing
  1417. The six C’s approach
  1418. BOX 25-4 Having Some Control
  1419. Care
  1420. Control
  1421. Composure
  1422. Communication
  1423. Continuity
  1424. Closure
  1425. The family
  1426. Dying and the nurse
  1427. Palliative care
  1428. Hospice
  1429. The nurse’s role in palliative care
  1430. BOX 25-5 Characteristics of an Appropriate and Helpful Health Care Surrogate
  1431. BOX 25-6 Can I Help You?
  1432. Decision making at the end of life
  1433. Advance directives
  1434. Euthanasia
  1435. BOX 25-7 Select Requirements for Those Requesting Physician-Assisted Suicide in Oregon or Washington
  1436. Key concepts
  1437. Activities and discussion questions
  1438. Resources
  1439. References
  1440. Index
  1441. A
  1442. B
  1443. C
  1444. D
  1445. E
  1446. F
  1447. G
  1448. H
  1449. I
  1450. J
  1451. K
  1452. L
  1453. M
  1454. N
  1455. O
  1456. P
  1457. Q
  1458. R
  1459. S
  1460. T
  1461. U
  1462. V
  1463. W
  1464. X
  1465. Y

 

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