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Test Bank for Exercise Physiology, 8th Edition: Scott Powers

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Test Bank for Exercise Physiology, 8th Edition: Scott Powers

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  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0078022533
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0078022531
  • Author:  Scott Powers

Written especially for exercise science and physical education students, this text provides a solid foundation in theory illuminated by application and performance models to increase understanding and to help students apply what they’ve learned in the classroom and beyond.

 

Table of Content:

  1. SECTION 1. Physiology of Exercise
  2. Chapter 0. Introduction to Exercise Physiology
  3. Brief History of Exercise Physiology
  4. European Heritage
  5. Harvard Fatigue Laboratory
  6. Physiology, Physical Fitness, and Health
  7. Physical Education to Exercise Science and Kinesiology
  8. Graduate Study and Research in the Physiology of Exercise
  9. Professional and Scientific Societies and Research Journals
  10. Training in Research
  11. Careers in Exercise Science and Kinesiology
  12. Chapter 1. Measurement of Work, Power, and Energy Expenditure
  13. Units of Measure
  14. Metric System
  15. SI Units
  16. Work and Power Defined
  17. Work
  18. Power
  19. Measurement of Work and Power
  20. Bench Step
  21. Cycle Ergometer
  22. Treadmill
  23. Measurement of Energy Expenditure
  24. Direct Calorimetry
  25. Indirect Calorimetry
  26. Common Expressions of Energy Expenditure
  27. Estimation of Energy Expenditure
  28. Calculation of Exercise Efficiency
  29. Factors That Influence Exercise Efficiency
  30. Running Economy
  31. Chapter 2. Control of the Internal Environment
  32. Homeostasis: Dynamic Constancy
  33. Control Systems of the Body
  34. Nature of the Control Systems
  35. Negative Feedback
  36. Positive Feedback
  37. Gain of a Control System
  38. Examples of Homeostatic Control
  39. Regulation of Body Temperature
  40. Regulation of Blood Glucose
  41. Exercise: A Test of Homeostatic Control
  42. Exercise Improves Homeostatic Control Via Cellular Adaptation
  43. Stress Proteins Assist in the Regulation of Cellular Homeostasis
  44. Chapter 3. Bioenergetics
  45. Cell Structure
  46. Biological Energy Transformation
  47. Cellular Chemical Reactions
  48. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
  49. Enzymes
  50. Fuels for Exercise
  51. Carbohydrates
  52. Fats
  53. Proteins
  54. High-Energy Phosphates
  55. Bioenergetics
  56. Anaerobic ATP Production
  57. Aerobic ATP Production
  58. Aerobic ATP Tally
  59. Efficiency of Oxidative Phosphorylation
  60. Control of Bioenergetics
  61. Control of ATP-PC System
  62. Control of Glycolysis
  63. Control of Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain
  64. Interaction Between Aerobic/Anaerobic ATP Production
  65. Chapter 4. Exercise Metabolism
  66. Energy Requirements at Rest
  67. Rest-to-Exercise Transitions
  68. Recovery from Exercise: Metabolic Responses
  69. Metabolic Responses to Exercise: Influence of Duration and Intensity
  70. Short-Term, Intense Exercise
  71. Prolonged Exercise
  72. Incremental Exercise
  73. Estimation of Fuel Utilization During Exercise
  74. Factors Governing Fuel Selection
  75. Exercise Intensity and Fuel Selection
  76. Exercise Duration and Fuel Selection
  77. Interaction of Fat/Carbohydrate Metabolism
  78. Body Fuel Sources
  79. Chapter 5. Cell Signaling and the Hormonal Responses to Exercise
  80. Neuroendocrinology
  81. Blood Hormone Concentration
  82. Hormone-Receptor Interaction
  83. Hormones: Regulation and Action
  84. Hypothalamus and the Pituitary Gland
  85. Thyroid Gland
  86. Parathyroid Gland
  87. Adrenal Gland
  88. Pancreas
  89. Testes and Ovaries
  90. Hormonal Control of Substrate Mobilization During Exercise
  91. Muscle-Glycogen Utilization
  92. Blood Glucose Homeostasis During Exercise
  93. Hormone-Substrate Interaction
  94. Chapter 6. Exercise and the Immune System
  95. Overview of the Immune System
  96. Innate Immune System
  97. Acquired Immune System
  98. Exercise and the Immune System
  99. Exercise and Resistance to Infection
  100. High-Intensity/Long-Duration Aerobic Exercise Increases the Risk of Infection
  101. Exercising in Environmental Extremes: Increased Risk for Infection?
  102. Should You Exercise When You Have a Cold?
  103. Chapter 7. The Nervous System: Structure and Control of Movement
  104. General Nervous System Functions
  105. Organization of the Nervous System
  106. Structure of the Neuron
  107. Electrical Activity in Neurons
  108. Sensory Information and Reflexes
  109. Joint Proprioceptors
  110. Muscle Proprioceptors
  111. Muscle Chemoreceptors
  112. Withdrawal Reflex
  113. Somatic Motor Function and Motor Neurons
  114. Vestibular Apparatus and Equilibrium
  115. Motor Control Functions of the Brain
  116. Brain Stem
  117. Cerebrum
  118. Cerebellum
  119. Role of the Brain in Exercise-Induced Fatigue
  120. Motor Functions of the Spinal Cord
  121. Control of Motor Functions
  122. Autonomic Nervous System
  123. Exercise Enhances Brain Health
  124. Chapter 8. Skeletal Muscle: Structure and Function
  125. Structure of Skeletal Muscle
  126. Neuromuscular Junction
  127. Muscular Contraction
  128. Overview of the Sliding Filament/Swinging Lever-Arm Model
  129. Energy for Contraction
  130. Regulation of Excitation-Contraction Coupling
  131. Exercise and Muscle Fatigue
  132. Exercise-Associated Muscle Cramps
  133. Fiber Types
  134. Overview of Biochemical and Contractile Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle
  135. Characteristics of Individual Fiber Types
  136. Fiber Types and Performance
  137. Muscle Actions
  138. Speed of Muscle Action and Relaxation
  139. Force Regulation in Muscle
  140. Force-Velocity/Power-Velocity Relationships
  141. Chapter 9. Circulatory Responses to Exercise
  142. Organization of the Circulatory System
  143. Structure of the Heart
  144. Pulmonary and Systemic Circuits
  145. Heart: Myocardium and Cardiac Cycle
  146. Myocardium
  147. Cardiac Cycle
  148. Arterial Blood Pressure
  149. Factors That Influence Arterial Blood Pressure
  150. Electrical Activity of the Heart
  151. Cardiac Output
  152. Regulation of Heart Rate
  153. Heart Rate Variability
  154. Regulation of Stroke Volume
  155. Hemodynamics
  156. Physical Characteristics of Blood
  157. Relationships Among Pressure, Resistance, and Flow
  158. Sources of Vascular Resistance
  159. Changes in Oxygen Delivery to Muscle During Exercise
  160. Changes in Cardiac Output During Exercise
  161. Changes in Arterial-Mixed Venous O2 Content During Exercise
  162. Redistribution of Blood Flow During Exercise
  163. Regulation of Local Blood Flow During Exercise
  164. Circulatory Responses to Exercise
  165. Emotional Influence
  166. Transition from Rest to Exercise
  167. Recovery from Exercise
  168. Incremental Exercise
  169. Arm Versus Leg Exercise
  170. Intermittent Exercise
  171. Prolonged Exercise
  172. Regulation of Cardiovascular Adjustments to Exercise
  173. Chapter 10. Respiration During Exercise
  174. Function of the Lung
  175. Structure of the Respiratory System
  176. Conducting Zone
  177. Respiratory Zone
  178. Mechanics of Breathing
  179. Inspiration
  180. Expiration
  181. Airway Resistance
  182. Pulmonary Ventilation
  183. Pulmonary Volumes and Capacities
  184. Diffusion of Gases
  185. Blood Flow to the Lung
  186. Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships
  187. O2 and CO2 Transport in Blood
  188. Hemoglobin and O2 Transport
  189. Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve
  190. O2 Transport in Muscle
  191. CO2 Transport in Blood
  192. Ventilation and Acid-Base Balance
  193. Ventilatory and Blood-Gas Responses to Exercise
  194. Rest-to-Work Transitions
  195. Prolonged Exercise in a Hot Environment
  196. Incremental Exercise
  197. Control of Ventilation
  198. Ventilatory Regulation at Rest
  199. Respiratory Control Center
  200. Effect of Blood PCO2, PO2, and Potassium on Ventilation
  201. Neural Input to the Respiratory Control Center
  202. Ventilatory Control During Submaximal Exercise
  203. Ventilatory Control During Heavy Exercise
  204. Do the Lungs Adapt to Exercise Training?
  205. Does the Pulmonary System Limit Maximal Exercise Performance?
  206. Chapter 11. Acid-Base Balance During Exercise
  207. Acids, Bases, and pH
  208. Hydrogen Ion Production During Exercise
  209. Importance of Acid-Base Regulation During Exercise
  210. Acid-Base Buffer Systems
  211. Intracellular Buffers
  212. Extracellular Buffers
  213. Respiratory Influence on Acid-Base Balance
  214. Regulation of Acid-Base Balance via the Kidneys
  215. Regulation of Acid-Base Balance During Exercise
  216. Chapter 12. Temperature Regulation
  217. Overview of Heat Balance During Exercise
  218. Temperature Measurement During Exercise
  219. Overview of Heat Production/Heat Loss
  220. Heat Production
  221. Heat Loss
  222. Heat Storage in the Body During Exercise
  223. Body’s Thermostat—Hypothalamus
  224. Shift in the Hypothalamic Thermostat Set Point Due to Fever
  225. Thermal Events During Exercise
  226. Heat Index—A Measure of How Hot It Feels
  227. Exercise in a Hot Environment
  228. Sweat Rates During Exercise
  229. Exercise Performance is Impaired in a Hot Environment
  230. Gender and Age Differences in Thermoregulation
  231. Heat Acclimation
  232. Loss of Acclimation
  233. Exercise in a Cold Environment
  234. Cold Acclimation
  235. Chapter 13. The Physiology of Training: Effect on V̇O2 Max, Performance, Homeostasis, and Strength
  236. Principles of Training
  237. Overload
  238. Specificity
  239. Endurance Training and V̇O2 Max
  240. Training Programs and Changes in V̇O2 Max
  241. Why Does Exercise Training Improve V̇O2 Max?
  242. Stroke Volume
  243. Arteriovenous O2 Difference
  244. Endurance Training: Effects on Performance and Homeostasis
  245. Endurance Training-Induced Changes in Fiber Type and Capillarity
  246. Endurance Training Increases Mitochondrial Content in Skeletal Muscle Fibers
  247. Biochemical Adaptations and Plasma Glucose Concentration
  248. Endurance Training Improves Muscle Antioxidant Capacity
  249. Exercise Training Improves Acid-Base Balance During Exercise
  250. Molecular Bases of Exercise Training Adaptation
  251. Training Adaptation—Big Picture
  252. Specificity of Exercise Training Responses
  253. Primary Signal Transduction Pathways in Skeletal Muscle
  254. Secondary Messengers in Skeletal Muscle
  255. Signaling Events Leading to Endurance Training-Induced Muscle Adaptation
  256. Endurance Training: Links Between Muscle and Systemic Physiology
  257. Peripheral Feedback
  258. Central Command
  259. Detraining Following Endurance Training
  260. Physiological Effects of Strength Training
  261. Mechanisms Responsible for Resistance Training-Induced Increases in Strength
  262. Resistance Training-Induced Changes in the Nervous System
  263. Resistance Training-Induced Increases in Skeletal Muscle Size
  264. Resistance Training-Induced Changes in Muscle Fiber Type
  265. Can Resistance Training Improve Muscle Oxidative Capacity and Increase Capillary Number?
  266. Resistance Training Improves Muscle Antioxidant Enzyme Activity
  267. Signaling Events Leading to Resistance Training-Induced Muscle Growth
  268. Detraining Following Strength Training
  269. Concurrent Strength and Endurance Training
  270. Mechanisms Responsible for the Impairment of Strength Development During Concurrent Strength and End
  271. SECTION 2. Physiology of Health and Fitness
  272. Chapter 14. Risk Factors and Inflammation: Links to Chronic Disease
  273. Risk Factors for Heart Disease
  274. Inherited/Biological
  275. Environmental
  276. Behaviors
  277. Coronary Heart Disease
  278. Physical Inactivity as a Risk Factor
  279. Inflammation and Coronary Heart Disease
  280. Obesity, Inflammation, and Chronic Disease
  281. Drugs, Diet, and Physical Activity
  282. The Metabolic Syndrome
  283. Chapter 15. Work Tests to Evaluate Cardiorespiratory Fitness
  284. Testing Procedures
  285. Screening
  286. Resting and Exercise Measures
  287. Field Tests for Estimating CRF
  288. Maximal Run Tests
  289. Walk Tests
  290. Canadian Home Fitness Test
  291. Graded Exercise Tests: Measurements
  292. Heart Rate
  293. Blood Pressure
  294. ECG
  295. Rating of Perceived Exertion
  296. Termination Criteria
  297. V̇O2 Max
  298. Estimation of V̇O2 Max from Last Work Rate
  299. Estimation of V̇O2 Max from Submaximal HR Response
  300. Graded Exercise Test: Protocols
  301. Treadmill
  302. Cycle Ergometer
  303. Step Test
  304. Chapter 16. Exercise Prescriptions for Health and Fitness
  305. Prescription of Exercise
  306. Dose-Response
  307. Physical Activity and Health
  308. General Guidelines for Improving Fitness
  309. Screening
  310. Progression
  311. Warm-Up, Stretch, and Cool-Down, Stretch
  312. Exercise Prescription for CRF
  313. Frequency
  314. Duration
  315. Intensity
  316. Sequence of Physical Activity
  317. Walking
  318. Jogging
  319. Games and Sports
  320. Strength and Flexibility Training
  321. Environmental Concerns
  322. Chapter 17. Exercise for Special Populations
  323. Diabetes
  324. Exercise and the Diabetic
  325. Asthma
  326. Diagnosis and Causes
  327. Prevention/Relief of Asthma
  328. Exercise-Induced Asthma
  329. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
  330. Testing and Training
  331. Hypertension
  332. Cardiac Rehabilitation
  333. Population
  334. Testing
  335. Exercise Programs
  336. Exercise for Older Adults
  337. Maximal Aerobic Power
  338. Osteoporosis
  339. Strength
  340. Exercise During Pregnancy
  341. Chapter 18. Body Composition and Nutrition for Health
  342. Nutritional Guidelines
  343. Standards of Nutrition
  344. Classes of Nutrients
  345. Water
  346. Vitamins
  347. Minerals
  348. Carbohydrates
  349. Fats
  350. Protein
  351. Meeting the Dietary Guidelines
  352. Food Group Plans
  353. Evaluating the Diet
  354. Body Composition
  355. Methods of Assessing Overweight and Obesity
  356. Methods of Measuring Body Composition
  357. Two-Component System of Body Composition
  358. Body Fatness for Health and Fitness
  359. Obesity and Weight Control
  360. Obesity
  361. Diet, Exercise, and Weight Control
  362. Energy and Nutrient Balance
  363. Diet and Weight Control
  364. Energy Expenditure and Weight Control
  365. SECTION 3. Physiology of Performance
  366. Chapter 19. Factors Affecting Performance
  367. Sites of Fatigue
  368. Central Fatigue
  369. Peripheral Fatigue
  370. Factors Limiting All-Out Anaerobic Performances
  371. Ultra Short-Term Performances (10 Seconds or Less)
  372. Short-Term Performances (10 to 180 Seconds)
  373. Factors Limiting All-Out Aerobic Performances
  374. Moderate-Length Performances (3 to 20 Minutes)
  375. Intermediate-Length Performances (21 to 60 Minutes)
  376. Long-Term Performances (1 to 4 Hours)
  377. Athlete as Machine
  378. Chapter 20. Laboratory Assessment of Human Performance
  379. Laboratory Assessment of Physical Performance
  380. Physiological Testing: Theory and Ethics
  381. What the Athlete Gains by Physiological Testing
  382. What Physiological Testing Will Not Do
  383. Components of Effective Physiological Testing
  384. Direct Testing of Maximal Aerobic Power
  385. Specificity of Testing
  386. Exercise Test Protocol
  387. Determination of Peak V̇O2 in Paraplegic Athletes
  388. Laboratory Tests to Predict Endurance Performance
  389. Use of the Lactate Threshold to Evaluate Performance
  390. Measurement of Critical Power
  391. Tests to Determine Exercise Economy
  392. Estimating Success in Distance Running Using the Lactate Threshold and Running Economy
  393. Determination of Anaerobic Power
  394. Tests of Ultra Short-Term Maximal Anaerobic Power
  395. Tests of Short-Term Anaerobic Power
  396. Evaluation of Muscular Strength
  397. Criteria for Selection of a Strength-Testing Method
  398. Isometric Measurement of Strength
  399. Free-Weight Testing of Strength
  400. Isokinetic Assessment of Strength
  401. Variable-Resistance Measurement of Strength
  402. Chapter 21. Training for Performance
  403. Training Principles
  404. Overload, Specificity, and Reversibility
  405. Influence of Gender and Initial Fitness Level
  406. Influence of Genetics
  407. Components of a Training Session: Warm-Up, Workout, and Cool Down
  408. Training to Improve Aerobic Power
  409. Interval Training
  410. Long, Slow-Distance Exercise
  411. High-Intensity, Continuous Exercise
  412. Altitude Training Improves Exercise Performance at Sea Level
  413. Injuries and Endurance Training
  414. Training to Improve Anaerobic Power
  415. Training to Improve the ATP-PC System
  416. Training to Improve the Glycolytic System
  417. Training to Improve Muscular Strength
  418. Progressive Resistance Exercise
  419. General Strength-Training Principles
  420. Free Weights Versus Machines
  421. Concurrent Strength- and Endurance-Training Programs
  422. Gender Differences in Response to Strength Training
  423. Muscle Soreness
  424. Training to Improve Flexibility
  425. Year-Round Conditioning for Athletes
  426. Off-Season Conditioning
  427. Preseason Conditioning
  428. In-Season Conditioning
  429. Common Training Mistakes
  430. Chapter 22. Training for the Female Athlete, Children, Special Populations, and the Masters Athlete
  431. Factors Important to Women Involved in Vigorous Training
  432. Exercise and Menstrual Disorders
  433. Training and Menstruation
  434. The Female Athlete and Eating Disorders
  435. Eating Disorders: Final Comments
  436. Bone Mineral Disorders and the Female Athlete
  437. Exercise During Pregnancy
  438. Risk of Knee Injury in Female Athletes
  439. Sports Conditioning for Children
  440. Training and the Cardiopulmonary System
  441. Training and the Musculoskeletal System
  442. Progress in Pediatric Exercise Science
  443. Competitive Training for Diabetics
  444. Training for Asthmatics
  445. Epilepsy and Physical Training
  446. Does Exercise Promote Seizures?
  447. Risk of Injury Due to Seizures
  448. Exercise Performance and Training for Masters Athletes
  449. Age-Related Changes in Muscular Strength
  450. Aging and Endurance Performance
  451. Training Guidelines for Masters Athletes
  452. Chapter 23. Nutrition, Body Composition, and Performance
  453. Carbohydrate
  454. Carbohydrate Diets and Performance
  455. Carbohydrate Intake Prior to or During a Performance
  456. Carbohydrate Intake Post-Performance
  457. Protein
  458. Protein Requirements and Exercise
  459. Protein Requirements for Athletes
  460. Water and Electrolytes
  461. Fluid Replacement—Before Exercise
  462. Fluid Replacement—During Exercise
  463. Fluid Replacement—After Exercise
  464. Salt (NaCl)
  465. Minerals
  466. Iron
  467. Vitamins
  468. Precompetition Meal
  469. Nutrients in Precompetition Meal
  470. Body Composition and Performance
  471. Chapter 24. Exercise and the Environment
  472. Altitude
  473. Atmospheric Pressure
  474. Short-Term Anaerobic Performance
  475. Long-Term Aerobic Performance
  476. Maximal Aerobic Power and Altitude
  477. Acclimatization to High Altitude
  478. Training for Competition at Altitude
  479. The Quest for Everest
  480. Heat
  481. Hyperthermia
  482. Cold
  483. Environmental Factors
  484. Insulating Factors
  485. Heat Production
  486. Descriptive Characteristics
  487. Dealing with Hypothermia
  488. Air Pollution
  489. Particulate Matter
  490. Ozone
  491. Sulfur Dioxide
  492. Carbon Monoxide
  493. Chapter 25. Ergogenic Aids
  494. Research Design Concerns
  495. Dietary Supplements
  496. Aerobic Performance
  497. Oxygen
  498. Blood Doping
  499. Anaerobic Performance
  500. Blood Buffers
  501. Drugs
  502. Amphetamines
  503. Caffeine
  504. Nicotine
  505. Physical Warm-Up
  506. Glossary
  507. Credits
  508. Index

 

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