This is completed downloadable of Test Bank for Modern Dental Assisting, 10th Edition: Bird
Product Details:
- ISBN-10 : 1437717292
- ISBN-13 : 978-1437717297
- Author: Debbie S. Robinson
Prepare for a successful career as a dental assistant! Modern Dental Assisting is the leading text in dental assisting — the most trusted, the most comprehensive, and the most current. Using an easy-to-understand approach, this resource offers a complete foundation in the basic and advanced clinical skills you must master to achieve clinical competency. It describes dental assisting procedures with photographs and clear, step-by-step instructions. Along with the textbook, this complete learning package includes a companion Evolve website replete with learning exercises and games and a DVD with video clips of dental assisting procedures plus animations and review questions. Written by Doni Bird and Debbie Robinson, two well-known and well-respected dental assisting educators, this edition is also available as a Pageburst e-book.
Table of Content:
- 1 History of Dentistry
- Learning Outcomes
- Key Terms
- FIG. 1-1 Ancient Etruscan gold-banded bridge with built-in calf’s tooth.
- Early Times
- The Egyptians
- The Greeks
- TABLE 1-1 Highlights in the History of Dentistry
- The Chinese
- The Romans
- The Renaissance
- FIG. 1-2 Pierre Fauchard, the “Father of Modern Dentistry.”
- Early America
- FIG. 1-3 John Greenwood, dentist to George Washington, was the second son of Isaac Greenwood, who is regarded as the first native-born American dentist. John Greenwood served in the colonial army at age 14 during the Revolutionary War and later became a dentist.
- FIG. 1-4 G.V. Black, the “Grand Old Man of Dentistry.”
- Educational and Professional Development in the United States
- FIG. 1-5 Black’s dental treatment room, as reconstructed in a Smithsonian exhibit.
- FIG. 1-6 W.C. Roentgen discovered the early potential of a radiograph beam in 1895.
- FIG. 1-7 Dental instrument kit belonging to Nellie E. Pooler Chapman. She practiced dentistry in Nevada City, California. She died in 1906.
- Women in Dental History
- TABLE 1-2 Highlights of Women in Dentistry
- FIG. 1-8 Lucy B. Hobbs-Taylor, the first female graduate of dental school.
- African Americans in Dental History
- FIG. 1-9 Robert Tanner Freeman, the first African American graduate of Harvard School of Dental Medicine.
- TABLE 1-3 Highlights of African Americans In Dentistry
- FIG. 1-10 C. Edmund Kells and his “working unit,” about 1900. Assistant on the left is keeping cold air on the cavity, while assistant on the right mixes materials, and “secretary” records details.
- History of Dental Assisting
- FIG. 1-11 Hazel O. Torres, CDA, RDAEF, MA, founding coauthor of the Modern Dental Assisting textbook, shown here with her husband, Carl.
- FIG. 1-12 Ann Ehrlich, CDA, MA, founding coauthor of the Modern Dental Assisting textbook.
- History of Dental Hygiene
- Dental Accreditation
- National Museum of Dentistry
- FIG. 1-13 Dental hygienist during the 1960s working in a standing position.
- FIG. 1-14 Dental students at University of California San Francisco, School of Dentistry, treat patients in the dental clinic in the early 1900s.
- FIG. 1-15 Modern dental-assisting students practicing chairside skills with their instructor in an accredited dental-assisting program.
- FIG. 1-16 Dr. Samuel D. Harris National Museum of Dentistry.
- ▪ Legal and Ethical Implications
- ▪ Eye to the Future
- ▪ Critical Thinking
- 2 The Professional Dental Assistant
- Learning Outcomes
- Key Terms
- Characteristics of a Professional Dental Assistant
- FIG. 2-1 The dental assistant is an important member of the dental healthcare team.
- Professional Appearance
- FIG. 2-2 The professional dental assistant’s attire may vary depending on the duties performed. Left, Scrubs are acceptable at times. Center, Full personal protective wear is indicated for chairside procedures. Right, Surgical gowns may be indicated for surgery or hospital dentistry.
- Knowledge and Skills
- Guidelines for a Professional Appearance
- Teamwork
- Attitude
- Dedication
- Responsibility and Initiative
- Confidentiality
- Personal Qualities
- Educational Requirements
- Types of Programs
- Career Opportunities
- Employment Settings
- Other Career Opportunities
- Salaries
- FIG. 2-3 Juliette A. Southard, founder of the American Dental Assistants Association (ADAA).
- Professional Organizations
- American Dental Assistants Association
- Many Roles of Dental Assistants
- Chairside Dental Assistant
- Expanded-Functions Dental Assistant
- Administrative Assistant
- Check Your Personal Qualities as a Dental Assistant
- Benefits of Membership
- FIG. 2-4 The seal of the American Dental Assistants Association (ADAA).
- Mission Statement of the American Dental Assistants Association (ADAA)
- Where to Obtain More Information
- Dental Assisting National Board
- FIG. 2-5 Official logo of the Dental Assisting National Board (DANB).
- FIG. 2-6 Official certificate of the certified dental assistant (CDA).
- Certified Dental Assistant
- Certified Dental Assistant (CDA) Examination
- Certified Orthodontic Assistant (COA) Examination
- Where to Obtain More Information
- Benefits of DANB Certification
- For the Patient
- For the Dentist-Employer
- For the Dental Assistant
- ▪ Eye to the Future
- ▪ Critical Thinking
- 3 The Dental Healthcare Team
- Learning Outcomes
- Key Terms
- Roles and Responsibilities of Dental Healthcare Team Members
- Dentist or Dental Specialist
- Clinical Dental Assistant (Chairside Assistant, Circulating Assistant)
- Expanded-Functions Dental Assistant (EFDA)
- Dental Hygienist
- Business Assistant (Administrative Assistant, Secretarial Assistant, Receptionist)
- Dental Laboratory Technician
- Dentist
- Dental Specialist
- Registered Dental Hygienist
- FIG. 3-1 Dental hygienist performing an oral prophylaxis.
- Dental Specialties Recognized by the American Dental Association
- Dental Assistant
- FIG. 3-2 Dentist and chairside dental assistant working together.
- Clinical Dental Assistant
- Chairside Assistant
- Circulating Assistant
- FIG. 3-3 Chairside dental assistant supported by a circulating dental assistant.
- FIG. 3-4 Dental assistants find volunteering at community dental health events very rewarding.
- Community Work
- Sterilization Assistant
- Expanded-Functions Dental Assistant
- FIG. 3-5 A sterilization assistant is an important member of the team.
- FIG. 3-6 Expanded-functions dental assistant (EFDA) removing excess cement.
- Business Assistant
- FIG. 3-7 A patient is greeted by the business assistant before meeting the dental hygienist.
- FIG. 3-8 Dental laboratory technicians working in a large commercial dental laboratory.
- Dental Laboratory Technician
- Supporting Services
- FIG. 3-9 Laboratory cases are stored in work pans. The dentist’s written laboratory prescription is posted on each work pan.
- FIG. 3-10 A, Entrance to the treatment areas of a modern dental spa–type office. B, Reception area of a modern dental spa–type office.
- ▪ Legal and Ethical Implications
- ▪ Eye to the Future
- ▪ Critical Thinking
- 4 Dental Ethics
- Learning Outcomes
- Key Terms
- Sources for Ethics
- Basic Principles of Ethics
- TABLE 4-1 Basic Ethical Principles
- Regard for Self-Determination (Autonomy)
- To “Do No Harm” (Nonmaleficence)
- Promotion of Well-Being (Beneficence)
- Regard for Justice
- FIG. 4-1 Patients have the right to expect confidentiality regarding their conversations in the dental office.
- Veracity
- Confidentiality
- Privacy
- Continuing Education
- Professional Code of Ethics
- American Dental Assistants Association (ADAA)
- Applying Ethical Principles
- Ethical Dilemmas
- Case Example
- Steps for Solving Ethical Dilemmas
- ▪ Legal and Ethical Implications
- ▪ Eye to the Future
- ▪ Critical Thinking
- 5 Dentistry and the Law
- Learning Outcomes
- Key Terms
- Statutory Law
- Criminal Law
- Civil Law
- Contract Law
- Tort Law
- State Dental Practice Act
- Contents of a Typical Dental Practice Act
- Board of Dentistry
- Expanded Functions and Supervision
- Unlicensed Practice of Dentistry
- Expanded Functions Delegated to Qualified Dental Assistants*
- Dentist-Patient Relationship
- Duty of Care/Standard of Care
- Dentist’s Duty of Care to the Patient
- Abandonment
- Patient Responsibilities
- Due Care
- Malpractice
- Acts of Omission and Commission
- Doctrine of res ipsa loquitur
- Risk Management
- Avoiding Malpractice Lawsuits
- “Silence Is Golden”
- FIG. 5-1 An important role of the dental assistant is to facilitate good communication with the patient.
- Guidelines for Informed Consent
- Informed Patient Consent
- Guidelines for Informed Consent
- Informed Refusal
- Exceptions to Disclosure
- Informed Consent for Minors
- Clinical Situations that Require Written Informed Consent
- Documenting Informed Consent
- Content of Informed Consent Forms
- Patient Referral
- Failure to Refer
- Guarantees
- Contributory Negligence
- Patient Records
- FIG. 5-2 Patient records must be handled with care.
- Ownership of Dental Records and Radiographs
- Guidelines for Charting Entries in Clinical Records
- Reporting Abuse and Neglect
- Child Abuse
- FIG. 5-3 This boy was a victim of child abuse.
- Domestic Violence
- Elder Abuse
- Dental Neglect
- Indicators of Child Abuse and Neglect
- Behavioral Indicators
- Dental Neglect or Abuse
- Other Indicators
- Immunity
- HIPAA
- Purpose of HIPAA
- HIPAA
- Summary of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996
- ▪ Legal and Ethical Implications
- ▪ Eye to the Future
- ▪ Critical Thinking
- Part Two Sciences in Dentistry
- Sciences in Dentistry
- 6 General Anatomy
- Learning Outcomes
- Key Terms
- Planes and Body Directions
- Structural Units
- FIG. 6-1 Body in anatomical (anatomic) position.
- TABLE 6-1 Directional Terms for the Human Body
- FIG. 6-2 Organizational levels of the body. The human body develops from the simplest to the most complex forms.
- Cells
- Stem Cells
- FIG. 6-3 Basic human cell.
- FIG. 6-4 The evolution of a stem cell.
- Stem Cells in Medicine
- Cell Membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
- Visualizing the Semipermeable Function of the Cell
- Tissues
- Organs
- Body Systems
- TABLE 6-2 Types of Tissues and Functions in the Body
- FIG. 6-5 Spaces within the body that house specific organs are referred to as body cavities.
- Body Cavities
- Body Regions
- ▪ Legal and Ethical Implications
- ▪ Eye to the Future
- ▪ Critical Thinking
- 7 General Physiology
- Learning Outcomes
- Key Terms
- Skeletal System
- Bone
- TABLE 7-1 Major Body Systems
- TABLE 7-2 Disorders of the Skeletal System
- FIG. 7-1 The skeletal system.
- FIG. 7-2 The structure of bone.
- Cartilage
- FIG. 7-3 A, Cortical bone (arrows) appears hard and dense. B, Cancellous bone forms trabeculae (arrow).
- Joints
- Muscular System
- Striated Muscle
- FIG. 7-4 Types of joints. A, Ball-and-socket. B, Hinge. C, Gliding. D, Pivot. E, Saddle. F, Gomphosis.
- TABLE 7-3 Disorders of the Muscular System
- Smooth Muscle
- FIG. 7-5 Muscles of the body, anterior view.
- FIG. 7-6 Muscles of the body, posterior view.
- Cardiac Muscle
- Muscle Function
- Cardiovascular System
- TABLE 7-4 Disorders of the Heart
- TABLE 7-5 Disorders of the Lymphatic System
- Circulatory System
- Heart
- FIG. 7-7 The heart and great vessels.
- FIG. 7-8 Coronary vessels.
- Heart Chambers
- Heart Valves
- Blood Flow Through the Heart
- Blood Vessels
- Blood and Blood Cells
- FIG. 7-9 Arteries carry blood from the heart to the body.
- FIG. 7-10 Hematocrit.
- Blood Typing and Rh Factor
- Lymphatic System
- Lymph Vessels
- Lymph Nodes
- Lymph Fluid
- Lymphoid Organs
- Tonsils
- Spleen
- FIG. 7-11 Lymphatic system.
- Nervous System
- TABLE 7-6 Disorders of the Nervous System
- FIG. 7-12 The tonsils.
- FIG. 7-13 Bell’s palsy. Paralysis of the facial muscles on the patient’s left side. A, The patient is trying to raise his eyebrows. B, The patient is attempting to close his eyes and smile.
- Neurons
- Central Nervous System
- Brain
- Spinal Cord
- Peripheral Nervous System
- Respiratory System
- Structures
- Nose
- Pharynx
- FIG. 7-14 The central nervous system.
- TABLE 7-7 Disorders of the Respiratory System
- FIG. 7-15 Structure of the respiratory system.
- Epiglottis
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Lungs
- Digestive System
- Digestive Process
- TABLE 7-8 Disorders of the Digestive System
- Structures
- FIG. 7-16 Major structures of the digestive system.
- Mouth
- Pharynx
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Small Intestine
- Large Intestine
- Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas
- Endocrine System
- FIG. 7-17 Endocrine glands.
- Urinary System
- FIG. 7-18 The urinary system.
- TABLE 7-9 Disorders of the Endocrine System
- TABLE 7-10 Disorders of the Urinary System
- Integumentary System
- Skin Structures
- TABLE 7-11 Disorders of the Integumentary System
- Epidermis
- Dermis
- Subcutaneous Fat
- Skin Appendages
- Hair
- Nails
- Glands
- FIG. 7-19 The three most common forms of skin cancer. A, Squamous cell. B, Basal cell. C, Malignant melanoma.
- Reproductive System
- Female
- Male
- TABLE 7-12 Disorders of the Female Reproductive System
- TABLE 7-13 Disorders of the Male Reproductive System
- Interaction Among the Ten Body Systems
- ▪ Legal and Ethical Implications
- ▪ Eye to the Future
- ▪ Critical Thinking
- 8 Oral Embryology and Histology
- Learning Outcomes
- Key Terms
- Oral Embryology
- FIG. 8-1 Periods and structures in prenatal development. Note that the size of the structures is neither accurate nor comparative.
- Prenatal Development
- FIG. 8-2 Sperm fertilizes the ovum and unites with it to form the zygote after the process of meiosis and during the first week of prenatal development. Chromosomes from the ovum and sperm join to form a zygote—a new individual.
- FIG. 8-3 A fetus at various weeks of development.
- Embryonic Development of the Face and Oral Cavity
- TABLE 8-1 Developmental Disturbances
- Primary Embryonic Layers
- Structures Formed by Specialized Cells of Primary Embryonic Layers
- Ectoderm (outer layer)
- Mesoderm (middle layer)
- Endoderm (inner layer)
- Early Development of the Mouth
- Branchial Arches
- Hard and Soft Palates
- FIG. 8-4 Scanning electron micrograph of the head and neck of an embryo at four weeks shows development of the brain, face, and heart. Note the stomodeum (ST), or “primitive mouth,” and the developing eye.
- Facial Development
- FIG. 8-5 A human embryo during the fifth week of development.
- FIG. 8-6 Adult palate and developmental divisions.
- Tooth Development
- Developmental Disturbances
- Genetic Factors
- Environmental Factors
- FIG. 8-7 A, An infant with a left unilateral complete cleft lip and palate. B, The infant after corrective surgeries are performed.
- Known Teratogens Involved in Congenital Malformations
- Facial Development After Birth
- TABLE 8-2 Stages of Tooth Development
- TABLE 8-3 Dental Developmental Disturbances
- FIG. 8-8 Changes in facial contours from birth to adulthood.
- FIG. 8-9 The mandible grows by displacement, resorption, and deposition. Note how space is created to accommodate the third molar.
- Tooth Movement
- Life Cycle of a Tooth
- Growth Periods
- FIG. 8-10 Process of orthodontic tooth movement.
- Bud Stage
- Cap Stage
- Bell Stage
- Calcification
- Pits and Fissures
- Eruption of Primary Teeth
- Shedding of Primary Teeth
- Eruption of Permanent Teeth
- FIG. 8-11 A, Chronologic order of eruption of the primary dentition. B, Permanent dentition.
- Oral Histology
- Crown
- FIG. 8-12 Stages in the process of tooth eruption. A, Oral cavity before the eruption process begins. Reduced enamel epithelium covers the newly formed enamel. B, Fusion of the reduced enamel epithelium with the oral epithelium. C, Disintegration of central fused tissue, leaving a tunnel for tooth movement. D, Coronal fused tissues peel back from the crown during eruption, leaving the initial junctional epithelium near the cementoenamel junction.
- FIG. 8-13 Radiograph shows normal resorption of the roots of a mandibular primary molar before it is shed.
- FIG. 8-14 Examples of mixed dentition with eruption of primary and permanent teeth.
- Root
- FIG. 8-15 Anterior (top or front) tooth and posterior (bottom or back) tooth show the dental tissues.
- FIG. 8-16 A, The anatomic crown is the portion of the tooth that is covered with enamel and remains the same. B, The clinical crown is the portion of the tooth that is visible in the mouth and may vary because of changes in the position of the gingiva.
- Enamel
- Dentin
- FIG. 8-17 Enamel rod, the basic unit of enamel. A, Relationship of the rod to enamel. B, Scanning electron micrograph of enamel shows head (H) and tail (T).
- FIG. 8-18 Scanning electron micrograph of dentinal tubules.
- Cementum
- FIG. 8-19 The dental pulp.
- Pulp
- Periodontium
- Attachment Apparatus
- Alveolar Process
- FIG. 8-20 Periodontium of the tooth with its components identified.
- FIG. 8-21 Anatomy of the alveolar bone. A, Mandibular arch of a skull with the teeth removed. B, Portion of the maxilla of a skull with the teeth removed. C, Cross-section of the mandible with the teeth removed.
- Periodontal Ligament
- Supportive and Protective Functions
- FIG. 8-22 The alveolar crest as it appears on a radiograph.
- FIG. 8-23 Periodontal fiber groups.
- Sensory Function
- Nutritive Function
- Formative and Resorptive Functions
- Periodontal Ligament Fiber Groups
- Periodontal Fiber Groups
- Transseptal Fiber Groups
- Gingival Fiber Groups
- Gingival Unit
- FIG. 8-24 Some of the fiber subgroups of the gingival fiber group: circular, dentogingival, alveologingival, and dentoperiosteal ligaments.
- FIG. 8-25 A, A dense masticatory type of mucosa makes up the gingiva. B, The delicate lining type of mucosa covers the vestibule.
- Lining Mucosa
- Masticatory Mucosa
- Specialized Mucosa
- ▪ Legal and Ethical Implications
- ▪ Eye to the Future
- ▪ Critical Thinking
- 9 Head and Neck Anatomy
- Learning Outcomes
- Key Terms
- Regions of the Head
- Bones of the Skull
- FIG. 9-1 Regions of the head: frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, orbital, nasal, infraorbital, zygomatic, buccal, oral, and mental.
- Bones of the Cranium
- Parietal Bones
- Frontal Bone
- Occipital Bone
- Temporal Bones
- TABLE 9-1 Bones of the Skull
- Sphenoid Bone
- TABLE 9-2 Terminology of Anatomic Landmarks of Bones
- Ethmoid Bone
- Auditory Ossicles
- Bones of the Face
- Zygomatic Bones
- FIG. 9-2 Lateral view of the skull.1Anterior lacrimal crest2Anterior nasal spine3Body of mandible4Condyle of mandible5Coronal suture6Coronoid process of mandible7External acoustic meatus of temporal bone8External occipital protuberance (inion)9Fossa for lacrimal sac10Frontal bone11Frontal process of maxilla12Frontozygomatic suture13Glabella14Greater wing of sphenoid bone15Inferior temporal line16Lacrimal bone17Lambdoid suture18Mastoid process of temporal bone19Maxilla20Mental foramen21Mental protuberance22Nasal bone23Nasion24Occipital bone25Orbital part of ethmoid bone26Parietal bone27Pituitary fossa (sella turcica)28Posterior lacrimal crest29Pterion (encircled)30Ramus of mandible31Squamous part of temporal bone32Styloid process of temporal bone33Superior temporal line34Tympanic part of temporal bone35Zygomatic arch36Zygomatic bone37Zygomatic process of temporal bone
- Maxillary Bones
- Palatine Bones
- FIG. 9-3 Frontal view of the skull.1Anterior nasal spine2Body of mandible3Frontal bone4Frontal notch5Frontal process of maxilla6Glabella7Greater wing of sphenoid bone8Infraorbital foramen9Infraorbital margin10Inferior nasal concha11Inferior orbital fissure12Lacrimal bone13Lesser wing of sphenoid bone14Maxilla15Mental foramen16Mental protuberance17Middle nasal concha18Nasal bone19Nasal septum20Nasion21Orbit (orbital cavity)22Ramus of mandible23Superior orbital fissure24Supraorbital foramen25Supraorbital margin26Zygomatic bone
- Nasal Bones
- FIG. 9-4 Posterior view of the skull.1External occipital protuberance (inion)2Highest nuchal line3Inferior nuchal line4Lambda5Lambdoid suture6Occipital bone7Parietal bone8Parietal foramen9Sagittal suture10Superior nuchal line
- Lacrimal Bones
- Vomer
- FIG. 9-5 View of external base of the skull.1Apex of petrous part of temporal bone2Articular tubercle3Carotid canal4Condylar canal (posterior)5Edge of tegmen tympani6External acoustic meatus7External occipital crest8External occipital protuberance9Foramen lacerum10Foramen magnum11Foramen ovale12Foramen spinosum13Greater palatine foramen14Horizontal plate of palatine bone15Hypoglossal (anterior condylar) canal16Incisive fossa17Inferior nuchal line18Inferior orbital fissure19Infratemporal crest of greater wing of sphenoid bone20Jugular foramen21Lateral pterygoid plate22Lesser palatine foramina23Mandibular fossa24Mastoid foramen25Mastoid notch26Mastoid process27Medial pterygoid plate28Median palatine (intermaxillary) suture29Occipital condyle30Occipital groove31Palatine grooves and spines32Palatine process of maxilla33Palatinovaginal canal34Petrosquamous fissure35Petrotympanic fissure36Pharyngeal tubercle37Posterior border of vomer38Posterior nasal aperture (choana)39Posterior nasal spine40Pterygoid hamulus41Pyramidal process of palatine bone42Scaphoid fossa43Spine of sphenoid bone44Squamotympanic fissure45Squamous part of temporal bone46Styloid process47Stylomastoid foramen48Superior nuchal line49Transverse palatine (palatomaxillary) suture50Tuberosity of maxilla51Tympanic part of temporal bone52Vomerovaginal canal53Zygomatic arch
- FIG. 9-6 Anterior view of the facial bones and overlying facial tissue.
- FIG. 9-7 Bones and landmarks of the hard palate.
- Nasal Conchae
- Mandible
- Hyoid Bone
- FIG. 9-8 The mandible. A, From the front. B, From behind and above. C, From the left and front. D, Internal view from the left.1Alveolar part2Angle3Anterior border of ramus4Base5Body6Coronoid process7Digastric fossa8Head9Inferior border of ramus10Lingula11Mandibular foramen12Mandibular notch13Mental foramen14Mental protuberance15Mental tubercle16Mylohyoid groove17Mylohyoid line18Neck19Oblique line20Posterior border of ramus21Pterygoid fovea22Ramus23Sublingual fossa24Submandibular fossa25Superior and inferior mental spines (genial tubercles)
- Postnatal Development
- Fusion of Bones
- Development of the Facial Bones
- Mandible
- Maxilla
- Differences Between Male and Female Skulls
- FIG. 9-9 The fetal skull. A, Anterior view. B, Lateral view. C, Posterior view.
- FIG. 9-10 Stages of postnatal development of the human skull. A, Anterior view. B, Lateral view.
- FIG. 9-11 Lateral view of the joint capsule of the temporomandibular joint and its lateral temporomandibular ligament. Note on the inset that the capsule has been removed to show the upper and lower synovial cavities and their relationship to the articular disc.
- Temporomandibular Joints
- FIG. 9-12 Hinge and gliding actions of the temporomandibular joint.
- Capsular Ligament
- Articular Space
- Jaw Movement
- Hinge Action
- Gliding Movement
- Temporomandibular Disorders
- Symptoms
- Pain
- Joint Sounds
- Limitations in Movement
- FIG. 9-13 Palpation of the patient during movements of both temporomandibular joints.
- TABLE 9-3 Categories of Temporomandibular Disorders (TMDs)
- FIG. 9-14 Palpation of the sternocleidomastoid muscle by having the patient turn the head to the opposite side.
- TABLE 9-4 Major Muscles of the Neck
- FIG. 9-15 Major muscles of mastication include the temporalis and masseter muscles shown here.
- Causes
- Muscles of the Head and Neck
- Major Muscles of the Neck
- Major Muscles of Facial Expression
- Major Muscles of Mastication
- TABLE 9-5 Major Muscles of Facial Expression
- TABLE 9-6 Major Muscles of Mastication
- Muscles of the Floor of the Mouth
- Muscles of the Tongue
- TABLE 9-7 Muscles of the Floor of the Mouth
- TABLE 9-8 Extrinsic Muscles of the Tongue
- Muscles of the Soft Palate
- FIG. 9-16 View from above the floor of the oral cavity showing the origin and insertion of the geniohyoid muscle.
- Salivary Glands
- Minor Salivary Glands
- FIG. 9-17 Extrinsic muscles of the tongue.
- TABLE 9-9 Major Muscles of the Soft Palate
- Major Salivary Glands
- FIG. 9-18 The salivary glands.
- FIG. 9-19 Sialoliths. A, Occlusal radiograph showing a sialolith (arrow) in Wharton’s duct. B, Sialolith (arrow) in a minor salivary gland on the floor of the mouth.
- Blood Supply to the Head and Neck
- Major Arteries of the Face and Oral Cavity
- External Carotid Artery
- Facial Artery
- Lingual Artery
- FIG. 9-20 Major arteries and veins of the face and oral cavity.
- TABLE 9-10 Major Arteries to the Face and Oral Cavity
- Maxillary Artery
- Mandibular Artery
- Major Veins of the Face and Mouth
- Clinical Considerations
- Nerves of the Head and Neck
- Cranial Nerves
- FIG. 9-21 Facial paralysis resulting from damage to lower motor neurons of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII).
- FIG. 9-22 The twelve cranial nerves.
- Innervation of the Oral Cavity
- Maxillary Division of Trigeminal Nerve
- FIG. 9-23 Maxillary and mandibular innervation.
- FIG. 9-24 Palatal, lingual, and buccal innervation.
- Mandibular Division of Trigeminal Nerve
- Lymph Nodes of the Head and Neck
- Structure and Function
- Superficial Lymph Nodes of the Head
- Deep Cervical Lymph Nodes
- Lymphadenopathy
- FIG. 9-25 A, Superficial lymph nodes of the head and associated structures. B, Deep cervical lymph nodes and associated structures.
- Clinical Considerations
- Paranasal Sinuses
- FIG. 9-26 The paranasal sinuses.
- ▪ Eye to the Future
- ▪ Critical Thinking
- 10 Landmarks of the Face and Oral Cavity
- Learning Outcomes
- Key Terms
- Landmarks of the Face
- Regions of the Face
- Features of the Face
- FIG. 10-1 Regions of the face. A, At rest. B, Smiling. See numbered list on pp. 131-132 for regions corresponding to number.
- FIG. 10-2 Features of the face.
- FIG. 10-3 Frontal view of the lips.
- Skin
- Lips
- FIG. 10-4 Vestibule and vestibular tissue of the oral cavity.
- Clinical Considerations
- The Oral Cavity
- FIG. 10-5 Buccal vestibule and buccal mucosa of the cheek. The opening of the parotid duct is seen opposite the second maxillary molar.
- FIG. 10-6 View of gingivae and associated anatomic landmarks.
- The Vestibule
- Labial and Other Frenula
- FIG. 10-7 Linea alba (arrow).
- Gingiva
- Unattached Gingiva
- FIG. 10-8 It is normal for the color of the gingiva to vary according to the pigmentation of the individual.
- FIG. 10-9 Close-up view of gingivae and associated anatomic landmarks.
- Interdental Gingiva
- Gingival Groove
- Attached Gingiva
- The Oral Cavity Proper
- Hard Palate
- FIG. 10-10 A, Surface features of the hard palate. B, Surface features of the soft palate.
- Soft Palate
- FIG. 10-11 Dorsum of the tongue.
- FIG. 10-12 Sublingual aspect of the tongue.
- Tongue
- Clinical Considerations
- Clinical Considerations
- Taste Buds
- Teeth
- ▪ Eye to the Future
- ▪ Critical Thinking
- 11 Overview of the Dentitions
- Learning Outcomes
- Key Terms
- Dentition Periods
- TABLE 11-1 Dentition Periods and Clinical Considerations
- TABLE 11-2 Primary Dentition in Order of Eruption
- Primary Dentition
- FIG. 11-1 A, Example of the dentition in a 9-month-old child. B, Example of the complete primary dentition.
- Mixed Dentition
- FIG. 11-2 An example of the oral cavity during the mixed dentition period.
- Permanent Dentition
- Dental Arches
- FIG. 11-3 Facial and buccal view of a permanent dentition.
- TABLE 11-3 Permanent Dentition in Order of Eruption
- Quadrants
- Sextants
- Anterior and Posterior Teeth
- Types and Functions of Teeth
- Incisors
- Canines
- Premolars
- Molars
- FIG. 11-4 A, Primary dentition separated into quadrants. B, Permanent dentition separated into quadrants.
- Tooth Surfaces
- FIG. 11-5 Permanent dentition separated into sextants.
- Anatomic Features of Teeth
- FIG. 11-6 A, Occlusal view of the permanent dentition. Types of teeth are identified through the Universal/National System. B, Occlusal view of the primary dentition.
- FIG. 11-7 Surfaces of the teeth and their relationships to other oral cavity structures, to the midline, and to other teeth.
- Contours
- Facial and Lingual Contours
- Mesial and Distal Contours
- Contacts
- FIG. 11-8 Tooth contours. A, Normal contour. B, Inadequate contour. C, Overcontouring.
- FIG. 11-9 Example of a permanent anterior tooth with the contact area
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