Test Bank for Population: An Introduction to Concepts and Issues 12th Edition

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Product details:

• ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 1305094506
• ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-1305094505
• Author: R. Weeks

Demographics just got a lot more interesting, thanks to this book’s compelling writing and intriguing essays. POPULATION does more than give you information; it also shows you how to use it. From the debate over how to rebuild the Gulf Coast after Hurricane Katrina to what should be done about Social Security and Medicare, POPULATION lets you apply the research yourself.

Table Of Contents:

PART ONE CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 4

A DEMOGRAPHIC PERSPECTIVE Introduction to Demography 1 Global Population Trends 25 Demographic Perspectives 58 Demographic Data 100

PART TWO CHAPTER 5 CHAPTER 6 CHAPTER 7

POPULATION PROCESSES The Health and Mortality Transition The Fertility Transition 189 The Migration Transition 251

PART THREE CHAPTER 8 CHAPTER 9 CHAPTER 10

POPULATION STRUCTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS The Age Transition 298 The Urban Transition 343 The Family and Household Transition 384

139

PART FOUR USING THE DEMOGRAPHIC PERSPECTIVE CHAPTER 11 Population and Sustainability 432 CHAPTER 12 What Lies Ahead? 481 GLOSSARY 505 BIBLIOGRAPHY 519 GEOGRAPHIC INDEX 549 SUBJECT INDEX 559

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Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

DETAILED TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRefAce

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PART ONE A DemOgRAPhIc PeRSPecTIve CHAPTER 1 INTRODUcTION TO DemOgRAPhy WHAT IS DEMOGRAPHY?

1

3

HOW DOES DEMOGRAPHY CONNECT THE DOTS? 5 The Relationship of Population to Resources 6 The Relationship of Population to Social and Political Dynamics ESSAY: Demographic Contributions to the “Mess in the Middle East” 10 How Is the Book Organized? 21

7

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 22 MAIN POINTS

22

QUESTIONS FOR REvIEW WEBSITES OF INTEREST

23 23

CHAPTER 2 gLObAL POPULATION TReNDS

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WORLD POPULATION GROWTH 26 A Brief History 26 How Fast Is the World’s Population Growing Now? 29 The Power of Doubling—How Fast Can Populations Grow? Why Was Early Growth So Slow? 31 Why Are More Recent Increases So Rapid? 32

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Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

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Detailed Table of Contents

How Many People Have Ever Lived? 34 Redistribution of the World’s Population through Migration

34

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF THE WORLD’S POPULATION 37 GLOBAL vARIATION IN POPULATION SIzE AND GROWTH 39 North America 40 Mexico and Central America 42 South America 43 Europe 44 ESSAY: Implosion Or Invasion? The Choices Ahead For Low-Fertility Countries 46 Northern Africa and Western Asia 48 Sub-Saharan Africa 49 South and Southeast Asia 50 East Asia 52 Oceania 54 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 55 MAIN POINTS

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QUESTIONS FOR REvIEW WEBSITES OF INTEREST

56 57

CHAPTER 3 DemOgRAPhIc PeRSPecTIveS

58

PREMODERN POPULATION DOCTRINES THE PRELUDE TO MALTHUS

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THE MALTHUSIAN PERSPECTIvE 67 Causes of Population Growth 68 Consequences of Population Growth 70 Avoiding the Consequences 70 Critique of Malthus 71 Neo-Malthusians 73 ESSAY: Who are the Neo-Malthusians? 74 THE MARXIAN PERSPECTIvE 76 Causes of Population Growth 76 Consequences of Population Growth Critique of Marx 77

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THE PRELUDE TO THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION THEORY Mill 79 Dumont 80 Durkheim 81

79

Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

Detailed Table of Contents

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THE THEORY OF THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION 81 Critique of the Demographic Transition Theory 84 Reformulation of the Demographic Transition Theory 85 The Theory of Demographic Change and Response 88 Cohort Size Effects 90 Is There Something Beyond the Demographic Transition? 91 THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION IS REALLY A SET OF TRANSITIONS 92 The Health and Mortality Transition 93 The Fertility Transition 93 The Age Transition 94 The Migration Transition 94 The Urban Transition 95 The Family and Household Transition 95 Impact on Society 96 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 97 MAIN POINTS

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QUESTIONS FOR REvIEW

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WEBSITES OF INTEREST

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CHAPTER 4 DemOgRAPhIc DATA

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SOURCES OF DEMOGRAPHIC DATA 101 Population Censuses 101 The Census of the United States 105 Who Is Included in the Census? 110 Coverage Error 111 ESSAY: Demographics of Politics: Why the Census Matters 112 Measuring Coverage Error 116 Content Error 117 Sampling Error 118 Continuous Measurement—American Community Survey 118 The Census of Canada 119 The Census of Mexico 120 IPUMS—Warehouse of Global Census Data 121 REGISTRATION OF vITAL EvENTS

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COMBINING THE CENSUS AND vITAL STATISTICS ADMINISTRATIvE DATA

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SAMPLE SURvEYS 127 Demographic Surveys in the United States Canadian Surveys 128

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Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

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Detailed Table of Contents

Mexican Surveys 128 Demographic and Health Surveys 128 Demographic Surveillance Systems 129 European Surveys 129 HISTORICAL SOURCES

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SPATIAL DEMOGRAPHY 131 Mapping Demographic Data 132 GIS and the Census 134 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 135 MAIN POINTS

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QUESTIONS FOR REvIEW WEBSITES OF INTEREST

137 137

PART TwO POPULATION PROceSSeS CHAPTER 5 The heALTh AND mORTALITy TRANSITION

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DEFINING THE HEALTH AND MORTALITY TRANSITION

140

HEALTH AND MORTALITY CHANGES OvER TIME 141 The Roman Era to the Industrial Revolution 142 The Industrial Revolution to the Twentieth Century 143 World War II as a Modern Turning Point 146 Postponing Death by Preventing and Curing Disease 148 The Nutrition Transition and Its Link to Obesity 149 LIFE SPAN AND LONGEvITY Life Span 151 Longevity 151

150

DISEASE AND DEATH OvER THE LIFE CYCLE 153 Age Differentials in Mortality 153 Infant Mortality 154 Mortality at Older Ages 156 Sex and Gender Differentials in Mortality 158 CAUSES OF POOR HEALTH AND DEATH 159 Communicable Diseases 160 ESSAY: Mortality Control and the Environment Noncommunicable Conditions 167 Injuries 168 The “Real” Causes of Death 168

164

Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

Detailed Table of Contents

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MEASURING MORTALITY 170 Crude Death Rate 171 Age/Sex-Specific Death Rates 171 Age-Adjusted Death Rates 172 Life Tables 173 Life Table Calculations 173 Disability-Adjusted Life Years 180 HEALTH AND MORTALITY INEQUALITIES 180 Urban and Rural Differentials 181 Neighborhood Inequalities 181 Educational and Socioeconomic Differentials in Mortality Inequalities by Race and Ethnicity 183 Marital Status and Mortality 184

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SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 185 MAIN POINTS

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QUESTIONS FOR REvIEW WEBSITES OF INTEREST

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CHAPTER 6 The feRTILITy TRANSITION

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WHAT IS THE FERTILITY TRANSITION?

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HOW HIGH COULD FERTILITY LEvELS BE? The Biological Component 191 The Social Component 194

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WHY WAS FERTILITY HIGH FOR MOST OF HUMAN HISTORY? 196 Need to Replenish Society 196 Children as Security and Labor 198 Lower Status of Women in Traditional Societies 198 THE PRECONDITIONS FOR A DECLINE IN FERTILITY

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IDEATIONAL CHANGES THAT MUST TAkE PLACE 201 ESSAY: Reproductive Rights, Reproductive Health, and the Fertility Transition 202 MOTIvATIONS FOR LOWER FERTILITY LEvELS 205 The Supply-Demand Framework 205 The Innovation/Diffusion and “Cultural” Perspective 209 HOW CAN FERTILITY BE CONTROLLED? 211 Proximate Determinants of Fertility 213 Proportion Married—Limiting Exposure to Intercourse

213

Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

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Detailed Table of Contents

Use of Contraceptives 215 Induced Abortion 219 Involuntary Infecundity from Breastfeeding 220 The Relative Importance of the Proximate Determinants HOW DO WE MEASURE CHANGES IN FERTILITY? Period Measures of Fertility 223 Cohort Measures of Fertility 229 Fertility Intentions 229

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HOW IS THE FERTILITY TRANSITION ACCOMPLISHED?

230

GEOGRAPHIC vARIABILITY IN THE FERTILITY TRANSITION 232 CASE STUDIES IN THE FERTILITY TRANSITION 234 United kingdom and Other European Nations 234 China 238 The United States 241 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION MAIN POINTS

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QUESTIONS FOR REvIEW WEBSITES OF INTEREST

249 250

CHAPTER 7 The mIgRATION TRANSITION 251 WHAT IS THE MIGRATION TRANSITION? DEFINING MIGRATION

 

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