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This is completed downloadable of Test Bank for Research Methods Concepts and Connections, 2nd Edition Michael Passer

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ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 1464106002
ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-1464106002
Author: Michael Passer

With over two decades of classroom experience, Michael Passer knows how to guide students through the ins and outs of research methods in ways they can actually understand and put into practice. In this remarkable text, Passer’s experience leads to chapters filled with clear explanations, resonant examples, and contemporary research from across the breadth of modern psychology, all while anticipating common questions and misunderstandings. This edition features new full-page infographics summarizing key concepts and fully updated research. It can be packaged FREE with Worth Publishers’ LaunchPad Solo for Research Methods—the ideal online component for the text, featuring videos and activities that put students in the role of either experimenter or research subject.

Table of Content:

Chapter 1 Science and Psychology
How Do We Know?
The Three-Door Problem
Tenacity: Knowing by Force of Habit
Authority: Knowledge Gained From Others
Reason: Relying on Logic and Rationality
Empiricism: Knowledge Based on Experience
Science: Relying on Systematic Empiricism
Concept Check 1.1 How Do We Know?
Goals of Science
Description
Explanation
Prediction
Control
Concept Check 1.2 Goals of Science
Characteristics of Science
Science Involves Assumptions
Science Is Empirical and Systematic
Science Focuses on Testable Questions
Science Strives for Accuracy and Objectivity
Science Requires Clear Definitions
Science Involves Public Reporting
Scientific Knowledge Is Tentative, Not Absolute
Science Is Self-Correcting
Science Has Limitations
Concept Check 1.3 Characteristics of Science
Basic and Applied Research
Concept Check 1.4 Basic and Applied Research
Benefits of Learning About Research Methods
Concept Check 1.5 Benefits of Learning About Research Methods
Skepticism, Science, and Everyday Life
What Is Skepticism?
Evaluating Claims
Skepticism and Anecdotal Evidence
Concept Check 1.6 Skepticism, Science, and Everyday Life
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Assess Your Knowledge
Concept Checks: Answers
Thinking Critically and Applying Your Knowledge
Chapter 2 Conducting Psychological Research
Generating Research Ideas
Personal Experience and Daily Events
Prior Research and Theory
Real-World Problems
Serendipity
Concept Check 2.1 Generating Research Ideas
Gathering Background Information
Searching Scientific Databases
Obtaining Articles
Reading Research Articles
Reading Review Articles
Concept Check 2.2 Gathering Background Information
Forming a Hypothesis
Forming Hypotheses Inductively and Deductively
Characteristics of a Good Hypothesis
Concept Check 2.3 Forming a Hypothesis
Designing and Conducting a Study
Approaches to Conducting Research
Planning and Performing the Study
The Role of Sampling
Concept Check 2.4 Designing and Conducting a Study
Analyzing Data and Drawing Conclusions
Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis
Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
Drawing Conclusions
Concept Check 2.5 Analyzing Data and Drawing Conclusions
Reporting the Findings
Concept Check 2.6 Reporting the Findings
Building Knowledge and Theories
Characteristics of a Good Theory
Proof and Disproof
Concept Check 2.7 Building Knowledge and Theories
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Assess Your Knowledge
Concept Checks: Answers
Thinking Critically and Applying Your Knowledge
Chapter 3 Conducting Ethical Research
The Importance of Research Ethics
Concept Check 3.1 The Importance of Research Ethics
Codes of Research Ethics
The Nuremberg Code
The Belmont Report and Federal Regulations
The American Psychological Association Ethics Code
Adhering to Ethics Codes: Ambiguities and Dilemmas
Concept Check 3.2 Codes of Research Ethics
Ethical Standards in Human Subjects Research
Institutional Review
Assessing Risks and Benefits
Informed Consent
Deception
Debriefing
Concept Check 3.3 Ethical Standards in Human Subjects Research
Ethical Issues in Nonhuman Animal Research
Animal Research in Psychology
Why Study Animals?
Ethical Perspectives and Attitudes
Animal Research and Animal-Rights Activism
Does Animal Research Yield Benefits?
Humane Care and Use
Concept Check 3.4 Ethical Issues in Nonhuman Animal Research
Scientific Integrity
Avoiding False or Deceptive Statements
Reporting Research Results Ethically
Plagiarism
Concept Check 3.5 Scientific Integrity
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Assess Your Knowledge
Concept Checks: Answers
Thinking Critically and Applying Your Knowledge
Chapter 4 Defining and Measuring Variables
Types of Variables
Categorical (Qualitative) and Quantitative Variables
Discrete and Continuous Variables
Independent and Dependent Variables
Hypothetical Constructs
Mediator and Moderator Variables
Concept Check 4.1 Types of Variables
Defining Variables
Conceptual Definitions
Operational Definitions
Operational Definitions in Everyday Life
Concept Check 4.2 Defining Variables
Scales of Measurement
Nominal Scales
Ordinal Scales
Interval Scales
Ratio Scales
Concept Check 4.3 Scales of Measurement
Measurement Accuracy, Reliability, and Validity
Accuracy of Measurement
Reliability of Measurement
Validity of Measurement
Some Final Thoughts
Concept Check 4.4 Measurement Accuracy, Reliability, and Validity
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Assess Your Knowledge
Concept Checks: Answers
Thinking Critically and Applying Your Knowledge
Chapter 5 Correlation and Correlational Research
Correlation: Basic Concepts
Correlational Research
Positive and Negative Correlation
Measuring and Graphing Correlations
Concept Check 5.1 Correlation: Basic Concepts
Correlation Does Not Establish Causation
The Bidirectionality Problem
The Third-Variable Problem
Can We Gain a Clearer Causal Picture?
Media Reports of Correlational Research
Concept Check 5.2 Correlation Does Not Establish Causation
Correlation and Prediction
Using One Predictor
Using Two or More Predictors
Concept Check 5.3 Correlation and Prediction
Benefits of Correlational Research
Prediction in Daily Life
Test Validation
Venturing Where Experiments Cannot Tread
Hypothesis and Model Testing
Convergence with Experiments
Concept Check 5.4 Benefits of Correlational Research
Special Issues
Nonlinear Relations
Range Restriction
Associations Involving Categorical Variables
Concept Check 5.5 Special Issues
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Assess Your Knowledge
Concept Checks: Answers
Thinking Critically and Applying Your Knowledge
Chapter 6 Case Studies and Observational Research
Case Studies
Basic Characteristics
Why Conduct Case Studies?
Types of Case Studies
Gathering and Analyzing Data
Limitations of Case Studies
Concept Check 6.1 Case studies
Observational Research
Basic Characteristics
Why Conduct Observational Research?
Types of Observational Research
Recording Observations
Sampling Behavior
Limitations of Observational Research
Concept Check 6.2 Observational Research
Unobtrusive Measures and Archival Records
Concept Check 6.3 Unobtrusive Measures and Archival Records
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Assess Your Knowledge
Concept Checks: Answers
Thinking Critically and Applying Your Knowledge
Chapter 7 Survey Research
Basic Characteristics of Surveys
Populations and Samples
Why Conduct Surveys?
Limitations of Surveys
Concept Check 7.1 Basic Characteristics of Surveys
Selecting a Sample
Probability Sampling
Nonprobability Sampling
Margin of Sampling Error and Confidence Level
Why Not Aim for More Precise Estimates?
Concept Check 7.2 Selecting a Sample
Constructing the Questionnaire
Steps in Developing a Questionnaire
Types of Questions
Multiple-Choice, Ranking, and Forced-Choice Questions
Wording the Questions: it’s Harder Than You Think
Placing the Questions in Order
Concept Check 7.3 Constructing the Questionnaire
Administering the Survey
Face-to-Face Interviews
Telephone Interviews
Mail Surveys
Online Surveys
Response Rate and Nonresponse Bias
Concept Check 7.4 Administering the Survey
Being a Smart Survey Consumer
Thinking Critically about Survey Results
Being Aware of Bogus Surveys
Concept Check 7.5 Being a Smart Survey Consumer
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Assess Your Knowledge
Concept Checks: Answers
Thinking Critically and Applying Your Knowledge
Chapter 8 Single-Factor Experimental Designs
The Logic of Experimentation
Exercising Control Over Variables
Causal Inference and Experimental Control
Concept Check 8.1 The Logic of Experimentation
Manipulating Independent Variables
Varying the Amount or Type of a Factor
Determining the Number of Conditions
Experimental and Control Conditions
Concept Check 8.2 Manipulating Independent Variables
Between-Subjects Designs
Advantages of Between-Subjects Designs
Disadvantages of Between-Subjects Designs
Types of Between-Subjects Designs
Random Assignment Versus Random Sampling
Concept Check 8.3 Between-Subjects Designs
Within-Subjects Designs
Advantages of Within-Subjects Designs
Disadvantages of Within-Subjects Designs
Counterbalancing and Temporal Spacing
Types of Within-Subject Designs
Concept Check 8.4 Within-Subjects Designs
Examining the Results: General Concepts
Concept Check 8.5 Examining the Results: General Concepts
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Assess Your Knowledge
Concept Checks: Answers
Thinking Critically and Applying your Knowledge
Chapter 9 Factorial Designs
Basic Characteristics of Factorial Designs
Describing a Factorial Design
Advantages of Factorial Designs
Limitations of Factorial Designs
Concept Check 9.1 Basic Characteristics Of Factorial Designs
Understanding Main Effects and Interactions
Possible Outcomes in a 2 × 2 Design
Analyzing the Results: General Concepts
Concept Check 9.2 Understanding Main Effects and Interactions
Designing a Factorial Experiment
Determining the Number of Conditions
Incorporating Subject Variables
Examining Changes in a Dependent Variable Over Time
Concept Check 9.3 Designing a Factorial Experiment
Experiments With More Than Two Independent Variables
Concept Check 9.4 Experiments With More Than Two Independent Variables
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Assess your Knowledge
Concept Checks: Answers
Thinking Critically and Applying your Knowledge
Chapter 10 Experimentation And Validity: A Closer Look
Critical Thinking, Inference, and Validity
Categories of Inference
Inference in Tryon’s Selective Breeding Project
Concept Check 10.1 Critical Thinking, Inference, and Validity
Types of Validity
Construct Validity
Statistical Conclusion Validity
Internal Validity
External Validity
Concept Check 10.2 Types of Validity
Basic Threats to Internal Validity
Seven Sources of Threat
How Experiments Address These Threats
Concept Check 10.2 Basic Threats to Internal Validity
Other Issues Concerning Experimental Control
Demand Characteristics
Experimenter Expectancy Effects
Placebo Effects and Placebo Control Groups
Yoked Control Groups
Ceiling and Floor Effects
Pilot Studies, Manipulation Checks, and Debriefing
Concept Check 10.4 Other Issues Concerning Experimental Control
Strategies for Replicating Research
Who Conducts the Replication?
Complete and Partial Replication
Direct Replication
Conceptual Replication
Replication and Extension
Two Approaches to “Big Replication”
Replication, Factorial Designs, and External Validity
Concept Check 10.5 Strategies for Replicating Research
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Assess Your Knowledge
Concept Checks: Answers
Thinking Critically and Applying Your Knowledge
Chapter 11 Quasi-Experimental Designs
What Is a Quasi-Experiment?
Quasi-Experiments and Experimental Control
Advantages and Disadvantages
Diagramming Quasi-Experimental Designs
Concept Check 11.1 What Is a Quasi-Experiment?
Designs Without a Control Group
Basic Threats to Internal Validity
One-Group Posttest-Only Design
One-Group Pretest–Posttest Design
Simple Interrupted Time-Series Design
Concept Check 11.2 Designs Without a Control Group
Designs With a Nonequivalent Control Group
Basic Threats to Internal Validity
Posttest-Only Design With a Nonequivalent Control Group
Pretest–Posttest Design With a Nonequivalent Control Group
Interrupted Time-Series Design With a Nonequivalent Control Group
Concept Check 11.3 Designs With a Nonequivalent Control Group
Switching Replication Designs
Pretest–Posttest Design With Switching Replication
Switching Replication With Treatment Removal
Concept Check 11.4 Switching Replication Designs
Program Evaluation
Benefits and Constraints of Program Evaluation
Components of Program Evaluation
Program Diffusion
Concept Check 11.5 Program Evaluation
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Assess Your Knowledge
Concept Checks: Answers
Thinking Critically and Applying Your Knowledge
Chapter 12 Single-Case Experimental Designs
A Single-Case Approach to Experimentation
Key Features
Advantages
Use in Basic and Applied Research
Concept Check 12.1 A Single-Case Approach to Experimentation
Types of Single-Case Designs
ABAB (Withdrawal/Reversal) Designs
Multiple-Baseline Designs
Changing-Criterion Designs
Combined Designs
Extending Single-Case Designs to Social Units
Concept Check 12.2 Types of Single-Case Designs
Issues Concerning Single-Case Designs
Ethical Issues
Internal Validity
Data Analysis
Examining Interactions
External Validity
Concept Check 12.3 Issues Concerning Single-Case Designs
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Assess Your Knowledge
Concept Checks: Answers
Thinking Critically and Applying Your Knowledge
Statistics Modules
Module 1 Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
1.1 Descriptive Statistics
1.2 Inferential Statistics
Module 2 Frequency Distributions
2.1 Types of Frequency Distributions
2.2 Graphs of Frequency Distributions
Module 3 Measures of Central Tendency
3.1 The Mode, Mean, and Median
3.2 Advantages and Disadvantages
Module 4 Measures of Dispersion
4.1 The Range, Variance, and Standard Deviation
4.2 Calculating Measures of Dispersion
Module 5 Correlation
5.1 Common Correlation Statistics
5.2 Calculating a Pearson Correlation Coefficient
5.3 Regression Analysis
Module 6 The Normal Curve
6.1 Basic Concepts
6.2 Importance of the Normal Curve
6.3 Skewed Distributions
Module 7 z Scores
7.1 Basic Concepts
7.2 Calculating a z Score
7.3 z Scores and the Normal Curve
Module 8 Sampling Error
8.1 Sampling Variability and Sampling Error
8.2 Standard Error of the Mean
Module 9 Inferential Analysis: Null Hypothesis Testing and Statistical Significance
9.1 The Null Hypothesis
9.2 Probability Values and Statistical Significance
9.3 Type I and Type II Error
Module 10 The Chi-Square Test for Goodness of Fit
10.1 Basic Concepts
10.2 Performing a Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test
10.3 Degrees of Freedom
Module 11 The Chi-Square Test for Independence
11.1 Basic Concepts
11.2 Performing a Chi-Square Test for Independence
Module 12 The t Test
12.1 Basic Concepts
12.2 Performing a t Test
Module 13 Effect Size
13.1 Basic Concepts
13.2 Calculating Effect Size
Module 14 Power and Power Analysis
14.1 Basic Concepts
14.2 Calculating Power and Sample Size
Module 15 Confidence Intervals
15.1 Basic Concepts
15.2 Calculating Confidence Intervals
Module 16 Analysis of Variance (Anova)
16.1 The Purpose of Analysis of Variance
16.2 Underlying Principles
16.3 Performing a One-Way Anova
Key Terms
Appendix A Communicating Research Results
APA Style Research Articles and Review Articles
Step 1: Planning Your Report
Locating Appropriate Source Material
Reading Source Material
Constructing an Outline and Taking Notes
Step 2: Writing a First Draft
General Information About APA Style Formatting
The Title Page
The Abstract
The Introduction
Citations and Avoiding Plagiarism
Method Section of a Research Article
Results Section of a Research Article
Discussion Section of a Research Article
The References
Step 3: Editing and Making Corrections
Grammar and Punctuation Rules for Scientific Writing
Concluding Thoughts About Writing a Manuscript
Poster Presentations
Poster Content
Poster Layout
Discussing Your Poster
Key Terms
Sample Annotated Student Manuscript
Appendix B American Psychological Association Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct
General Principles
Standard 3: Human Relations
Standard 4: Privacy and Confidentiality
Standard 5: Advertising and Other Public Statements
Standard 8: Research and Publication
Appendix C Statistical Tables
Appendix D Answers to Thinking Critically and Applying Your Knowledge Questions
Glossary
References
Notes
Name Index
Subject Index
Back Cover

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Test Bank for Research Methods Concepts and Connections, 2nd Edition Michael Passer

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