Test Bank for Social Psychology, Fourth Edition

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This is completed downloadable of Test Bank for Social Psychology, Fourth Edition

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ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0393906159
ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0393906158
Author: Tom Gilovich (Author), Dacher Keltner (Author), Serena Chen (Author), Richard E. Nisbett (Author)

Written by four award-winning teachers and researchers who represent the breadth and depth of the field, Social Psychology, Fourth Edition, encourages students to become critical thinkers about the research, theories, and applications of social psychology. The new formative, adaptive learning tool, InQuizitive, keeps students learning and interacting with content in a variety of ways to improve student comprehension.

Table of Content:

1 What Is Social Psychology?
A Definition of Social Psychology
The Scientific Study …
…of the Effects of Social and Cognitive Processes …
…on the Way Individuals Perceive, Influence, and Relate to Others
Historical Trends and Current Themes in Social Psychology
Social Psychology Becomes an Empirical Science
Social Psychology Splits from General Psychology Over What Causes Behavior
The Rise of Nazism Shapes the Development of Social Psychology
Growth and Integration
Integration of Cognitive and Social Processes
Integration with Other Research Trends
Integration of Basic Science and Social Problems
How the Approach of This Book Reflects an Integrative Perspective
Two Fundamental Axioms of Social Psychology
Construction of Reality
Pervasiveness of Social Influence
Three Motivational Principles
People Strive for Mastery
People Seek Connectedness
People Value “Me and Mine”
Three Processing Principles
Conservatism: Established Views Are Slow to Change
Accessibility: Accessible Information Has the Most Impact
Superficiality Versus Depth: People Can Process Superficially or In Depth
Common Processes, Diverse Behaviors
Plan Of The Book
Summary
2 Asking and Answering Research Questions
A Note to the Student on How to Use This Chapter
Research Questions and the Role of Theory
Origins of Research Questions
What Is a Scientific Theory?
How Research Tests Theories
Construct Validity and Measurement
Threats to Construct Validity
Ensuring Construct Validity by Using Appropriate Measures
Ensuring Construct Validity by Using Multiple Measures
Internal Validity and Types of Research Design
Threats to Internal Validity
Ensuring Internal Validity
Experimental Versus Nonexperimental Research Designs
External Validity and Research Populations and Settings
Generalizing to Versus Generalizing Across People and Places
External Validity and Research Participants
Cultures and External Validity
External Validity and Laboratory Research
External Validity and Nonlaboratory Research
Ensuring External Validity
Evaluating Theories: The Bottom Line
The Importance of Replication
Competition with Other Theories
Getting the Bias Out
The Role of Ethics and Values in Research
Being Fair to Participants
The Use of Deception in Research
Being Helpful to Society
Concluding Comments
Summary
3 Perceiving Individuals
Forming First Impressions: Cues, Interpretations, and Inferences
The Raw Materials of First Impressions
Impressions From Physical Appearance
Social Psychology in Practice: Physical Appearance in the Workplace
Impressions from Nonverbal Communication
Detection of Deception
Hot Topics in Social Psychology: Can You Judge a Book by Its Cover?
Impressions from Familiarity
Social Psychology in Practice: Lie Detection in the Legal System
Impressions from Environments
Impressions from Behavior
Which Cues Capture Attention?
Automatic Interpretations of Cues
The Role of Associations in Interpretation
The Role of Accessibility in Interpretation
Accessibility from Concurrent Activation
Accessibility from Recent Activation
Accessibility from Frequent Activation
Social Psychology in Practice: Accessibility of Sexism from the Media
Characterizing the Behaving Person: Correspondent Inferences
When Is a Correspondent Inference Justified?
The Correspondence Bias: People Are What They Do
Limits on the Correspondence Bias
Social Psychology in Practice: Correspondence Bias in the Workplace
Beyond First Impressions: Systematic Processing
Causal Attributions
Sources of Attribution
Social Psychology and Culture: Cultural Differences in Attributions
Using Attributions to Correct First Impressions
Putting It All Together: Forming Complex Impressions
Integrating Multiple Traits
Integrating the Good and the Bad
The Accuracy of Considered Impressions
Motive for Accuracy
Motives for Connectedness and Valuing Me and Mine
Attempting to Undo Biases
The Impact of Impressions: Using, Defending, and Changing Impressions
Using Impressions
Superficial Processing: Using a Single Attribute
Systematic Processing: Integrating Multiple Factors
Defending Impressions
Impressions Shape Interpretations
Impressions Resist Rebuttal
Social Psychology in Practice: Perseverance in the Courtroom
Selectively Seeking Impression-Consistent Behavior
Creating Impression-Consistent Behavior: The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
Social Psychology in Practice: Self-Fulfilling Prophecy in the Classroom
Limits on the Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
Dealing with Inconsistent Information
Reconciling Inconsistencies
Integrating Inconsistencies
Altering Impressions: Is Fundamental Change Possible?
Social Psychology and Culture: Culture and Perceptions of Change
Concluding Comments
Summary
4 The Self
Constructing the Self-Concept: Learning Who We Are
Sources of the Self-Concept
Learning Who We Are from Our Own Behavior
Learning Who We Are from Thoughts and Feelings
Learning Who We Are from Other People’s Reactions
Learning Who We Are from Social Comparison
Learning About Self and Others: The Same or Different?
Differences in Cues and Knowledge
Differences in Inferences
Similar Shortcomings: More Is Not Always Better
Multiple Selves
Putting It All Together: Constructing a Coherent Self-Concept
Social Psychology and Culture: Cultural Differences in the Self Concept
Constructing Self-Esteem: How We Feel about Ourselves
Balancing Accuracy and Enhancement
Evaluating Personal Experiences: Some Pain but Mainly Gain
Social Comparisons: Better or Worse than Others?
Why Self-Enhance?
Social Psychology and Culture: Self-Esteem and Self-Enhancement in Cultural Context
Effects of the Self: Self-Regulation
The Self and Thoughts About Ourselves and Others
The Self and Emotions
How Do Emotions Arise?
Appraisals, Emotions, Bodily Responses: All Together Now
The Self in Action: Regulating Behavior
Self-Expression and Self-Presentation
Personality Differences In Preference for Self Expression and Self Presentation: Self-Monitoring
Regulating Behavior to Achieve a Desired Self
From Self to Behavior, and Back Again
Temptations That May Derail Self-Regulation
Negative Effects of Not Reaching Goals
Defending the Self: Coping With Stresses, Inconsistencies, and Failures
Threats to the Well-Being of the Self
Emotional and Physical Effects of Threat
Threat and Appraisals of Control
Social Psychology in Practice: Control and Depression
Defending Against Threat: Emotion-Focused Coping
Escaping from Threat
Downplaying Threat By Focusing on the More Positive Aspects of the Self
Hot Topics in Social Psychology: Awareness of Personal Mortality as a Psychological Threat
Working Through Threat by Writing About It
Tend and Befriend
Attacking Threat Head-On: Problem-Focused Coping
Making Excuses: It’s Not My Fault
Self-Handicapping
Taking Control of the Problem
Social Psychology in Practice: Control and Life Goals
How to Cope?
Self-Esteem as a Resource for Coping
Controllability and Coping
Concluding Comments
Summary
5 Perceiving Groups
Targets of Prejudice: Social Groups
Social Categorization: Dividing the World into Social Groups
Forming Impressions of Groups: Establishing Stereotypes
The Content of Stereotypes
Stereotypes Include Many Types of Characteristics
Stereotypes Can Be Either Positive or Negative
Stereotypes Can Be Accurate or Inaccurate
Seeking the Motives behind Stereotyping
Motives for Forming Stereotypes: Mastery through Summarizing Personal Experiences
Between-Group Interactions Generate Emotion
Hot Topics in Social Psychology: Stressful Effects of Cross-Racial Interaction
People Notice Some Members More Than Others
Some Information Attracts More Attention Than Other Information
Social Roles Trigger Correspondence Biases
Social Roles and Gender Stereotypes
Learning Stereotypes from the Media
Gender Stereotypes and the Media
Motives for Forming Stereotypes: Connectedness to Others
Learning Stereotypes from Others
Social Communication of Stereotypes
Motives for Forming Stereotypes: Justifying Inequalities
USING STEREOTYPES: FROM PRECONCEPTIONS TO PREJUDICE
Activation of Stereotypes and Prejudice
What Activates Stereotypes?
Stereotypes Can Be Activated Automatically
Prejudice Can Be Activated Automatically
Measuring Stereotypes and Prejudice
Impact of Stereotypes on Judgments and Actions
Effects of Cognitive Capacity
Effects of Emotion
Effects of Power
Hot Topics in Social Psychology: Intersections of Race and Gender Categories
Trying to Overcome Prejudice and Stereotype Effects
Suppressing Stereotypes and Prejudice
Hot Topics in Social Psychology: Who Can Suppress Stereotype Activation?
Correcting Biased Judgments
Activating Counterstereotypic Information
Beyond Simple Activation: Effects of Stereotypes on Considered Judgments
Seeking Evidence to Confirm The Stereotype: Just Tell Me Where to Look
Interpreting Evidence to Fit the Stereotype: Well, If You Look at It That Way
Comparing Information to Stereotypic Standards: That Looks Good, for a Group Member
Constraining Evidence to Fit the Stereotype: The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
Social Psychology in Practice: Self-Fulfilling Prophecies in School and at Work
Changing Stereotypes and Reducing Prejudice
Barriers to Stereotype Change
Explaining Away Inconsistent Information
Compartmentalizing Inconsistent Information
Differentiating Atypical Group Members: Contrast Effects
Overcoming Stereotype Defenses: The Kind of Contact that Works
Repeated Inconsistency: An Antidote for “Explaining Away”
Widespread Inconsistency: An Antidote for Subtyping
Being Typical as Well as Inconsistent: An Antidote for Contrast Effects
Reducing Prejudice Through Contact
Social Psychology in Practice: Intergroup Contact in the Wild
Concluding Comments
Summary
6 Social Identity
Categorizing Oneself as a Group Member
Learning About Our Groups
Feeling Like a Group Member
Direct Reminders of Membership
Presence of Out-Group Members
Being a Minority
Conflict or Rivalry
Social Psychology and Culture: Cultural Differences in the Importance of Group Membership
Me, You, and Them: Effects of Social Categorization
“I” Becomes “We”: Social Categorization and the Self
Seeing Oneself as a Group Member
Liking Ourselves: Social Identity and Self-Esteem
Social Identity and Emotions
Balancing Individuality and Connectedness
Others Become “We”: Social Categorization and the In-Group
Perceiving Fellow In-Group Members
Hot Topics in Social Psychology: Is the Self Similar to In-Group, or Is the In-Group Similar to Self?
Liking-In-Group Members: To Be Us Is to Be Lovable
Treating the In-Group Right: Justice and Altruism
Others Become “They”: Social Categorization and the Out-Group
Perceiving the Out-Group as Homogeneous: “They’re All Alike!”
Social Psychology in Practice: Out-Group Homogeneity in Eyewitness Identification
Effects of Mere Categorization: Minimal Groups
Discrimination and Social Identity
Effects of Perceived Mild Threat
Effects of Perceived Extreme Threat: Moral Exclusion and Hate Crimes
They Don’t Like Us: Consequences of Belonging to Negatively Perceived Groups
We Are Stigmatized: Effects on What We Do and How We Feel
Effects on Performance
Effects on Self-Esteem
Hot Topics in Social Psychology: Sports Defeats, Collective Self-Esteem, and Unhealthy Behavior
Defending Individual Self-Esteem
Using Attributions to Advantage
Making the Most of Intragroup Comparisons
Social Psychology in Practice: Attributional Ambiguity in the Workplace
Individual Mobility: Escaping Negative Group Membership
Disidentification: Putting the Group at a Psychological Distance
Dissociation: Putting the Group at a Physical Distance
Social Creativity: Redefining Group Membership as Positive
Social Change: Changing the Intergroup Context
Social Competition
Social Competition or Prejudice Reduction: Mutually Exclusive Goals?
One Goal, Many Strategies
Concluding Comments
Summary
7 Attitudes and Attitude Change
Attitudes and Their Origins
Measuring Attitudes
Attitude Function
Social Psychology in Practice: Attitude Functions and the Environment
Social Psychology and Culture: Cultural Differences and Attitude Functions
Attitude Formation
The Informational Base of Attitudes
Putting It All Together
Linking Attitudes to Their Objects
Superficial and Systematic Routes to Persuasion: From Snap Judgments to Considered Opinions
Superficial Processing: Persuasion Shortcuts
Attitudes by Association
The Familiarity Heuristic: Familiarity Makes the Heart Grow Fonder
Social Psychology in Practice: Familiarity Effects and Health Warnings
The Attractiveness Heuristic: Agreeing with Those We Like
The Expertise Heuristic: Agreeing with Those Who Know
Hot Topics in Social Psychology: Competence and Trustworthiness
The Message-Length Heuristic: Length Equals Strength
Systematic Processing: Thinking Persuasion Through
Processing Information about the Attitude Object
The Consequences of Systematic Processing
Superficial and Systematic Processing: Which Strategy, When?
How Motivation Influences Superficial and Systematic Processing
How Capacity Influences Superficial and Systematic Processing
Social Psychology and Culture: Culture and Connectedness Matching
Social Psychology in Practice: Cognitive Ability and Advertising Aimed at Children
How Moods and Emotions Influence Superficial and Systematic Persuasive Processing
Social Psychology in Practice: Motivation and Capacity Consequences of Fear-Inducing Health Messages
The Interplay of Cues and Content
Defending Attitudes: Resisting Persuasion
Ignoring, Reinterpreting, and Countering Attitude-Inconsistent Information
Inoculation: Practice Can Be the Best Resistance Medicine
What it Takes to Resist Persuasion
Concluding Comments
Summary
8 Attitudes and Behavior
Changing Attitudes with Actions
From Action to Attitude via Superficial Processing
Associations with Action
Inferences from Action: Self-Perception Theory
Hot Topics in Social Psychology: Self-Perception and Choice
The Foot-in-the-Door Technique: Could You Do This Small Thing (First)?
Social Psychology in Practice: Self-Perception Processes and Health
When Do Action-to-Attitude Inferences Change Attitudes?
Cognitive Dissonance: Changing Attitudes to Justify Behavior
The Theory of Cognitive Dissonance
Justifying Attitude-Discrepant Behavior: I Have My Reasons!
Justifying Effort: I Suffered for It, so I Like It
Justifying Decisions: Of Course I Was Right!
The Processing Payoff: Justifying Inconsistent Actions Creates Persistent Attitudes
Social Psychology in Practice: Dissonance Processes and Health Interventions
Alternatives to Attitude Change
Hot Topics in Social Psychology: Dissonance and Diet
Which Dissonance Reduction Strategy Is Used?
Social Psychology and Culture: Cultural Differences and Dissonance
Changing Actions with Attitudes
How Attitudes Guide Behavior
Attitudes Guide Behavior Without Much Thought
Hot Topics in Social Psychology: Evaluating is Seeing
Attitudes Guide Behavior Through Considered Intentions
When Do Attitudes Influence Action?
Attitude Accessibility
Attitude Correspondence
Implicit and Explicit Attitudes as Guides for Behavior
When Attitudes Are Not Enough
Concluding Comments
Summary
9 Norms and Conformity
Conformity to Social Norms
What Are Social Norms?
Public Versus Private Conformity
Hot Topics in Social Psychology: The Social Neuroscience of Conformity
Social Psychology and Culture: Conformity and Culture
Motivational Functions of Conformity to Norms
Expecting Consensus
Norms Fulfill Mastery Motives
Norms Fulfill Connectedness Motives
Whose Consensus? Me and Mine Norms Are the Ones that Count
Social Psychology in Practice: Reference Group Effects in Food Preference
Mastery, Connectedness, or Me and Mine?
How Groups Form Norms: Processes of Social Influence
Group Polarization: Going to Normative Extremes
Explaining Polarized Norm Formation
Superficial Processing: Relyig on Others’ Positions
Systematic Processing: Attending to Both Positions and Arguments
Undermining True Consensus
When Consensus Seeking Goes Awry
Consensus Without Consideration: Unthinking Reliance on Consensus
Consensus Without Independence: Contamination
Consensus Without Acceptance: Public Conformity
Social Psychology in Practice: Pluralistic Ignorance and Health Risk Behavior
Consensus Seeking at Its Worst: Groupthink
Remedies for Faulty Consensus Seeking
Minority Influence: The Value of Dissent
Successful Minority Influence
Offering an Alternative Consensus
Negotiating Similarity and Difference
Hot Topics in Social Psychology: Consequences of Norm Mismatch
Promoting Systematic Processing
Social Psychology in Practice: Minority Inflfluence in the Courtroom
Processes of Minority and Majority Influence
Beyond Minority Influence: Using Norms to Strengthen Consensus
Concluding Comments
Summary
10 Norms and Behavior
Norms: Effective Guides for Social Behavior
Activating Norms to Guide Behavior
Direct Reminders of Norms
Environments Activate Norms
Groups Activate Norms
Deindividuation
Which Norms Guide Behavior?
Descriptive Norms as Guides for Behavior
Social Psychology in Practice: Using Norms to Influence Health Behaviors
Injunctive Norms as Guides for Behavior
The Interplay of Descriptive and Injunctive Norms
Why Norms Guide Behavior So Effectively
Enforcement: Do It, or Else
Private Acceptance: It’s Right and Proper, So I Do It
Hot Topics in Social Psychology: Is Following Norms in the Genes?
Norms for Mastery and Connectedness: Reciprocity and Commitment
The Norm of Reciprocity
Returning Favors
Reciprocating Concessions: The Door-in-the-Face Technique
The Norm of Social Commitment
The Low-Ball Technique
Social Psychology and Culture: Norm-Consistent Behavior across Cultures
The Norm of Obedience: Submitting to Authority
Milgram’s Studies of Obedience
Attempting to Explain Obedience
Social Psychology in Practice: Obedience in Organizations
Hot Topics in Social Psychology: Obedience in Virtual Reality
The Norm of Obedience to Authority
Authority Must Be Legitimate
Authority Must Accept Responsibility
The Norm of Obedience Must Be Activated
Social Identification and Obedience
Maintaining and Escalating Obedience
Normative Trade-Offs: The Pluses and Minuses of Obedience
Resisting, Rejecting, and Rebelling Against Norms
Reactance
Social Psychology and Culture: Perceptions of Illegitimacy and Disobedience Across Culture
Resisting and Rejecting Norms Using Systematic Processing
Using Norms Against Norms
Hot Topics in Social Psychology: Resisting Norms Sometimes Has Rewards
Putting it All Together: Multiple Guides for Behavior
Both Attitudes and Norms Influence Behavior
The Superficial Route
The Thoughtful Route
When Attitudes and Norms Conflict: Accessibility Determines Behavior
Concluding Comments
Summary
11 Interaction and Performance in Groups
Social Facilitation: Effects of Minimal Interdependence
Social Facilitation: Improvement and Impairment
Evaluation Apprehension
Social Psychology in Practice: Evaluation Apprehension in the Workplace and the Classroom: Monitoring and Performance
Distraction
Performance in Face-To-Face Groups: Interaction and Interdependence
How Groups Change: Stages of Group Development
Group Socialization: Mutual Evaluation by Members and Groups
Group Development: Coming Together, Falling Apart
Hot Topics in Social Psychology: Preference for Hierarchy
Time and Group Development
Being Pushed Out of Groups: Rejection and Ostracism
Getting the Job Done: Group Performance
Forms of Task Interdependence
Gains and Losses in Group Performance
Losses from Decreased Motivation: Social Loafing
Social Psychology and Culture: Social Loafing Across Cultures
Social Psychology in Practice: Social Loafing in the Classroom
Losses from Poor Coordination
Social Psychology in Practice: Poor Coordination in the Workplace
Processes that Affect Performance: Group Communication
Technology and Communication
Hot Topics in Social Psychology: Virtual Minority Influence
Processes that Affect Performance: Emotions and Mood in Groups
Cures for Group Performance Losses
Leadership and Power
What Do Leaders Do?
Leadership Effectiveness: Person or Situation?
Social Psychology in Practice: Coaching Leadership in Youth Sports
Who Becomes Leader?
Stereotypes and Leadership
Putting the Group First: Transformational Leadership
The Dark Side of Leadership
Power
Hot Topics in Social Psychology: Power Poses
Concluding Comments
Summary
12 Attraction, Relationships, and Love
Challenges in Studying Attraction, Relationships, and Love
From Attraction to Liking
Physical Attractiveness
Biological Bases of Physical Attractiveness
Experiential Bases of Physical Attractiveness
Similarity
Why Similarity Increases Liking
Positive Interaction
Why Interaction Increases Liking
From Acquaintance to Friend: Relationship Development
Exchanges of Rewards: What’s in It for Me and for You?
Self-Disclosure: Let’s Talk about Me and You
Effects of Self-Disclosure
Social Psychology and Culture: Self-Disclosure and Culture
Close Relationships
Cognitive Interdependence: The Partner Becomes Part of the Self
Behavioral Interdependence: Transformations in Exchange
Affective Interdependence: Intimacy and Commitment
Intimacy
Social Psychology in Practice: Intimate Interactions and Health
Commitment
Individual Differences in Close Relationships: Attachment Styles
Social Psychology and Culture: Relationships in Cultural Perspective
Romantic Love, Passion, and Sexuality
Passionate Feelings
Mate Preference: Who’s Looking for What?
Hot Topics in Social Psychology: Finding and Meeting Romantic Partners Online
Sex in the Context of a Romantic Relationship
Hot Topics in Social Psychology: Sexual Orientation, Sexual Attraction, and Romantic Love
When Relationships Go Wrong
Threats to Relationships
Handling Conflict: Maintaining Relationships in the Face of Threat
Constructive and Destructive Accommodation to Negative Acts
Social Psychology in Practice: Relationship Conflict and Social Problems
Resources for Constructive Accommodation
Social Psychology in Practice: Relationship Conflict and Clinical Psychology
Declining Intimacy and Commitment
Break-Up, Bereavement, and Loneliness
After the Break-Up: Grief and Distress for Two
Till Death Do Us Part
Loneliness
Concluding Comments
Summary
13 Aggression and Conflict
The Nature of Aggression and Conflict
Defining Aggression and Conflict
Origins of Aggression
Research on Aggression
Interpersonal Aggression
What Causes Interpersonal Aggression? The Role of Rewards and Respect
Counting Rewards and Costs
Hot Topics in Social Psychology: Gender and Aggression
Responding to Threats
Social Psychology and Culture: Cultural Norms and Responses to Threat
The Role of Negative Emotions
Hot Topics in Social Psychology: Disgust and Aggression
Increasing Aggression: Models and Cues
Models of Aggression
Social Psychology in Practice: Aggressive Models in the Media
Learned Cues to Aggression
Deciding Whether or Not to Aggress
Putting It All Together: The General Aggression Model
Intergroup Conflict
Sources of Intergroup Conflict: The Battle for Riches and Respect
Realistic Conflict Theory: Getting the Goods
Relative Deprivation: When Is Enough Enough?
Social Competition: Getting a Little Respect
The Special Competitiveness of Groups: Groups Often Value Respect over Riches
Escalating Conflict: Group Communication and Interaction
Talking to the In-Group: Polarization and Commitment
The Special Competitiveness of Groups: When Conflict Arises, Groups Close Ranks
Talking to the Out-Group: Back Off, or Else!
Social Psychology in Practice: Threat and Deterrence in International Affairs
Vicarious Retribution: They Hurt Us, Now I Hurt Them
Coalition Formation: Escalation as Others Choose Sides
Perceptions in Conflict: What Else Could You Expect from Them?
Polarized Perceptions of In-Group and Out-Group
Biased Attributions for Behavior
The Impact of Emotion and Arousal: More Heat, Less Light
The Special Competitiveness of Groups: People Expect Groups To Be Supercompetitive, So They React in Kind
“Final Solutions”: Eliminating the Out-Group
The Special Competitiveness of Groups: Groups Offer Social Support for Competitiveness
Final Solutions in History
Reducing Interpersonal and Intergroup Conflict and Aggression
Altering Perceptions and Reactions
Promote Norms of Non-Aggression
Minimize Cues for Aggression
Interpret, and Interpret Again
Promote Empathy with Others
Resolving Conflict Through Negotiation
Types of Solutions
Achieving Solutions: The Negotiation Process
Building Trust
Mediation and Arbitration: Bringing in Third Parties
Social Psychology and Culture: Negotiating across Cultural Lines
Intergroup Cooperation: Changing Social Identity
Superordinate Goals
Why Does Intergroup Cooperation Work?
Concluding Comments
Summary
14 Helping and Cooperation
When Do People Help?
Is Help Needed and Deserved?
Perceiving Need
Judging Deservingness
Should I Help?
Is Helping Up to Me? Diffusion of Responsibility
When Norms Make Helping Inappropriate
When Norms Make Helping Appropriate
Hot Topics in Social Psychology: Religion and Prosocial Behavior
Why Do People Help? Helping and Cooperation for Mastery and Connectedness
Biological Perspectives: Is Prosocial Behavior in Our Genes?
Helping for Mastery: The Personal Rewards and Costs of Helping
Rewards and Costs of Helping
Emotional Rewards of Helping
Is Helping Pure Egoism?
Helping for Connectedness: Empathy and Altruism
Hot Topics in Social Psychology: Helping and Happiness
Mastery and Connectedness in Cooperation
Social Dilemmas: Self-Interest Versus Group Interest
Mastery Motives in Social Dilemmas: Rewards and Costs
The Role of Trust
Social Psychology and Culture: Culture, Trust, and Punishment
Connectedness Motives in Social Dilemmas: Social Identification
Individual Differences in Cooperation
Role of Superficial or Systematic Processing in Helping and Cooperation
The Impact of Processing
Superficial Processing, Spontaneous Helping
Systematic Processing, Planned Helping
More Helping from Impulse or from Deliberation?
Social Psychology in Practice: Helping in Organizations
Prosocial Behavior in Society
Help That Helps; Help That Hurts
Increasing Prosocial Behavior in Society
Hot Topics in Social Psychology: Global-Scale Social Dilemmas Require Global Cooperation
Concluding Comments
Summary
Epilogue
Core Principles of Social Psychology
How the Principles Interrelate
An Invitation to Social Psychology
Photo and Cartoon Credits
Glossary
References
Author Index
Subject Index

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