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  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0323353754
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0323353755
  • Author:  Hagen Ansert

Updated to reflect the newest curriculum standards, Textbook of Diagnostic Sonography, 8th Edition provides you with the pertinent information needed for passing the boards. This highly respected text enhances your understanding of general/abdominal and obstetric/gynecologic sonography, the two primary divisions of sonography, as well as vascular sonography and echocardiography. Each chapter covers patient history; normal anatomy, including cross-sectional anatomy; sonography techniques; pathology; and related laboratory findings. And more than 3,100 images and anatomy drawings guide you in recognizing normal anatomy and abnormal pathology.

 

Table of Content:

  1. PART I. Foundations of Sonography
  2. 1.  Foundations of clinical sonography
  3. The role of the sonographer
  4. Historical overview of sound theory and medical ultrasound
  5. Introduction to basic ultrasound principles
  6. Bibliography
  7. 2.  Essentials of patient care for the sonographer
  8. A sonographer’s obligations
  9. Basic patient care
  10. Patients on strict bed rest
  11. Patients with tubes and tubing
  12. Patient transfer techniques
  13. Infection control
  14. Isolation techniques
  15. Emergency medical situations
  16. Professional attitudes
  17. Assisting patients with special needs
  18. Evaluating patient reactions to illness
  19. Patient rights
  20. Bibliography
  21. 3.  Ergonomics and musculoskeletal issues in sonography
  22. History of ergonomics
  23. Injury data in sonography
  24. Industry awareness and changes
  25. Work practice changes
  26. Economics of ergonomics
  27. References
  28. 4.  Anatomic and physiologic relationships within the abdominopelvic cavity
  29. From atom to organism
  30. Body systems
  31. Anatomic relationships within the abdominopelvic cavities
  32. Bibliography
  33. 5.  Comparative sectional anatomy of the abdominopelvic cavity
  34. Planes or body sections
  35. Abdominal quadrants and regions
  36. Sectional anatomy
  37. Bibliography
  38. 6.  Basic ultrasound imaging: Techniques, terminology, and tips
  39. Before you begin to scan patients
  40. Indications for abdominal sonography
  41. Ultrasound terminology
  42. Identifying abnormalities
  43. Anatomic directions
  44. Criteria for an adequate scan
  45. General abdominal ultrasound protocols
  46. Abdominal doppler
  47. Bibliography
  48. 7.  Imaging and doppler artifacts *
  49. Propagation
  50. Attenuation
  51. Spectral doppler
  52. Color doppler
  53. Summary
  54. Bibliography
  55. PART II. Abdomen
  56. 8.  Vascular system
  57. Function of the circulatory system
  58. Aorta
  59. Sonographic evaluation of the abdominal aorta
  60. Sonographic evaluation
  61. Sonographic evaluation
  62. Sonographic evaluation
  63. Sonographic evaluation
  64. Inferior vena cava
  65. Portal venous system
  66. Abdominal doppler techniques
  67. 9.  Liver
  68. Anatomy of the liver
  69. Physiology and laboratory data of the hepatobiliary system
  70. Sonographic evaluation of the liver
  71. Pathology of the liver
  72. Bibliography
  73. 10.  Gallbladder and the biliary system
  74. Anatomy of the biliary system
  75. Physiology and laboratory data of the gallbladder and biliary system
  76. Sonographic evaluation of the biliary system
  77. Pathology of the gallbladder and biliary system
  78. Pathology of the biliary tree
  79. Bibliography
  80. 11.  Spleen
  81. Anatomy of the spleen
  82. Physiology and laboratory data of the spleen
  83. Sonographic evaluation of the spleen
  84. Pathology of the spleen
  85. Bibliography
  86. 12.  Pancreas
  87. Anatomy of the pancreas
  88. Physiology and laboratory data of the pancreas
  89. Sonographic evaluation of the pancreas
  90. Pathology of the pancreas
  91. Bibliography
  92. 13.  Gastrointestinal tract
  93. Anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract
  94. Physiology and laboratory data of the gastrointestinal tract
  95. Sonographic evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract
  96. Pathology of the gastrointestinal tract
  97. Bibliography
  98. 14.  Peritoneal cavity and abdominal wall
  99. Anatomy and sonographic evaluation of the peritoneal cavity and abdominal wall
  100. Pathology of the peritoneal cavity
  101. Pathology of the mesentery, omentum, and peritoneum
  102. Pathology of the abdominal wall
  103. Bibliography
  104. 15.  Urinary system
  105. Anatomy of the urinary system
  106. Physiology and laboratory data of the urinary system
  107. Sonographic evaluation of the urinary system
  108. Pathology of the urinary system
  109. Bibliography
  110. 16.  Retroperitoneum *
  111. Anatomy of the retroperitoneum
  112. Physiology and laboratory data of the retroperitoneum
  113. Sonographic evaluation of the retroperitoneum
  114. Pathology of the retroperitoneum
  115. Bibliography
  116. 17.  Abdominal applications of ultrasound contrast agents
  117. Types of ultrasound contrast agents
  118. Ultrasound equipment modifications
  119. Clinical applications
  120. Conclusion
  121. References
  122. 18.  Ultrasound-guided interventional techniques
  123. Ultrasound-guided procedures
  124. Indications for a biopsy
  125. Contraindications for a biopsy
  126. Laboratory tests
  127. Types of procedures
  128. Ultrasound guidance methods
  129. Cytopathology
  130. Biopsy complications
  131. Fusion technology
  132. Ultrasound biopsy techniques
  133. The sonographer’s role in interventional procedures
  134. Finding the needle tip
  135. What to do when the needle deviates
  136. Biopsies and procedures by organ
  137. Fluid collections and abscesses
  138. Point-of-care and ablation techniques
  139. New applications
  140. Bibliography
  141. 19.  Emergent ultrasound procedures
  142. Assessment of abdominal trauma
  143. Focused assessment with sonography for trauma
  144. Right upper quadrant pain
  145. Epigastric pain
  146. Extreme shortness of breath
  147. Chest pain
  148. Flank pain
  149. Right lower quadrant pain
  150. Paraumbilical hernia
  151. Acute pelvic pain
  152. Scrotal trauma and torsion
  153. Extremity swelling and pain
  154. Bibliography
  155. 20.  Sonographic techniques in the transplant patient
  156. Who needs a transplant?
  157. Liver transplant
  158. Renal transplant
  159. Pancreatic transplant
  160. Learn how you can help donate life
  161. References
  162. PART III. Superficial Structures
  163. 21.  Breast
  164. Historical overview
  165. Emerging sonographic technologies
  166. Anatomy of the breast
  167. Physiology of the breast
  168. Breast evaluation overview
  169. Sonographic evaluation of the breast
  170. Pathology
  171. Bibliography
  172. 22.  Thyroid and parathyroid glands
  173. Embryology of the thyroid gland
  174. Anatomy of the thyroid gland
  175. Thyroid physiology and laboratory data
  176. Sonographic evaluation of the thyroid gland
  177. Congenital abnormalities of the thyroid gland
  178. Pathology of the thyroid gland
  179. Embryology of the parathyroid gland
  180. Anatomy of the parathyroid gland
  181. Parathyroid physiology and laboratory data
  182. Sonographic evaluation of the parathyroid gland
  183. Pathology of the parathyroid gland
  184. Miscellaneous neck masses
  185. Bibliography
  186. 23.  Scrotum
  187. Anatomy of the scrotum
  188. Technical considerations
  189. Scrotal pathology
  190. Bibliography
  191. 24.  Musculoskeletal system
  192. Anatomy of the musculoskeletal system
  193. Artifacts
  194. Sonographic evaluation of the musculoskeletal system
  195. Pathology of the musculoskeletal system
  196. Bibliography
  197. PART IV. Pediatrics
  198. 25.  Neonatal and pediatric abdomen
  199. Examination preparation
  200. Normal anatomy and sonographic findings
  201. Hepatobiliary, pancreatic, and splenic pathology
  202. Gastrointestinal pathology
  203. Sonographic measurements and findings
  204. Bibliography
  205. 26.  Neonatal and pediatric adrenal and urinary system
  206. Examination preparation
  207. Normal anatomy and sonographic findings
  208. Renal, adrenal, and bladder pathology
  209. Bibliography
  210. 27.  Neonatal and infant head
  211. Normal anatomy and sonographic findings
  212. Examination preparation
  213. Neonatal head examination
  214. Acquired brain lesions
  215. Congenital brain malformations
  216. Brain infections
  217. Bibliography
  218. 28.  Infant and pediatric hip
  219. Normal anatomy and sonographic findings
  220. Developmental displacement of the hip
  221. Joint effusions of the hip
  222. Other hip conditions/differentials
  223. Bibliography
  224. 29.  Neonatal and infant spine
  225. Embryogenesis
  226. Normal anatomy and sonographic findings
  227. Sonographic evaluation of the neonatal and infant spine
  228. Pathology of the neonatal and infant spine
  229. Other indications and associations
  230. Bibliography
  231. Glossary for volume 1
  232. Index
  233. Selected medical and ultrasound abbreviations
  234. VOLUME 2
  235. PART V. The Thoracic Cavity
  236. 30.  Anatomic and physiologic relationships within the thoracic cavity
  237. The thorax and the thoracic cavity
  238. The heart and great vessels
  239. The cardiac cycle
  240. The electrical conduction system
  241. The mechanical conduction system
  242. Electrocardiography
  243. Auscultation of the heart valves
  244. Principles of blood flow
  245. Bibliography
  246. 31.  Understanding hemodynamics
  247. The cardiac cycle
  248. Doppler basics
  249. Quantification of intracardiac pressures with ultrasound
  250. References
  251. 32.  Introduction to echocardiographic techniques, terminology, and tips
  252. Two-dimensional echocardiography
  253. Cardiac color flow examination
  254. Doppler applications and technique
  255. The echocardiographic examination
  256. M-mode imaging of the cardiac structures
  257. References
  258. 33.  Introduction to clinical echocardiography: Left-sided valvular heart disease
  259. Left-sided valvular heart disease
  260. Mitral valve disease
  261. Aortic valve disease
  262. Technical considerations and pitfalls in doppler measurements
  263. Aortic abnormalities
  264. Bibliography
  265. 34.  Introduction to clinical echocardiography: Pericardial disease, cardiomyopathies, and tumors
  266. Pericardial disease
  267. Cardiomyopathies
  268. Cardiac masses
  269. Bibliography
  270. 35.  Fetal echocardiography: Beyond the four chambers
  271. Embryology of the cardiovascular system
  272. Fetal circulation
  273. Risk factors indicating fetal echocardiography
  274. Beyond the four-chamber view
  275. Fetal ultrasound landmarks
  276. Echocardiographic evaluation of the fetus
  277. Bibliography
  278. 36.  Fetal echocardiography: Congenital heart disease
  279. Relationship of genetics to congenital heart disease
  280. Incidence of congenital heart disease
  281. Prenatal evaluation of congenital heart disease
  282. Cardiac malposition
  283. Cardiac enlargement
  284. Septal defects
  285. Right ventricular inflow disturbance
  286. Right ventricular outflow disturbance
  287. Left ventricular inflow disturbance
  288. Left ventricular outflow tract disturbance
  289. Great vessel abnormalities
  290. Cardiac tumors
  291. Complex cardiac abnormalities
  292. Dysrhythmias
  293. Bibliography
  294. References
  295. PART VI. Cerebrovascular
  296. 37.  Extracranial cerebrovascular evaluation
  297. Anatomy for extracranial cerebrovascular imaging
  298. Extracranial arterial hemodynamics
  299. Carotid disease and stroke risk factors, warning signs, and symptoms
  300. Technical aspects of carotid duplex imaging
  301. Interpretation of carotid duplex imaging
  302. Common carotid artery disease treatments
  303. Other carotid artery imaging modalities
  304. Other carotid duplex imaging applications and emerging techniques
  305. References
  306. 38.  Intracranial cerebrovascular evaluation
  307. Intracranial arterial anatomy
  308. Intracranial arterial physiology
  309. Technical aspects of transcranial doppler imaging
  310. Interpretation of transcranial doppler imaging
  311. Clinical applications
  312. Advantages and limitations of transcranial doppler imaging
  313. References
  314. 39.  Peripheral arterial evaluation
  315. Anatomy associated with peripheral arterial testing
  316. Arterial physiology
  317. Arterial pathophysiology
  318. Indirect (physiologic) arterial testing
  319. Arterial duplex imaging
  320. Guidelines for evaluation
  321. References
  322. 40.  Peripheral venous evaluation
  323. Anatomy for peripheral venous duplex imaging
  324. Venous physiology
  325. Venous pathology and treatments
  326. Technical aspects of venous duplex imaging
  327. Interpretation of venous duplex imaging
  328. Combined diagnostic approach
  329. Venous reflux imaging
  330. Vein mapping
  331. Other pathology
  332. Controversies in venous duplex imaging
  333. Imaging guidelines
  334. References
  335. PART VII. Gynecology
  336. 41.  Normal anatomy and physiology of the female pelvis
  337. Pelvic landmarks
  338. Muscles of the pelvis
  339. Bladder and ureters
  340. Vagina
  341. Uterus
  342. Fallopian tubes
  343. Ovaries
  344. Pelvic vasculature
  345. Physiology
  346. Pelvic recesses and bowel
  347. Bibliography
  348. 42.  Sonographic and doppler evaluation of the female pelvis
  349. Patient preparation and history
  350. Performance standards for the ultrasound examination
  351. Sonographic technique
  352. Sonographic evaluation of the pelvis
  353. Bibliography
  354. 43.  Pathology of the uterus
  355. Pathology of the vagina and cervix
  356. Pathology of the uterus
  357. Pathology of the endometrium
  358. Intrauterine contraceptive devices
  359. Bibliography
  360. References
  361. 44.  Pathology of the ovaries
  362. Anatomy of the ovaries
  363. Sonographic evaluation of the ovaries
  364. Benign adnexal cysts
  365. Endometriosis
  366. Ovarian torsion
  367. Sonographic evaluation of ovarian neoplasms
  368. Ovarian carcinoma
  369. Epithelial tumors
  370. Germ cell tumors
  371. Stromal tumors
  372. Carcinoma of the fallopian tube
  373. Other pelvic masses
  374. References
  375. 45.  Pathology of the adnexa
  376. Pelvic inflammatory disease
  377. Endometritis
  378. Endometriosis and endometrioma
  379. Interventional ultrasound
  380. Postoperative uses of ultrasound
  381. Bibliography
  382. Reference
  383. 46.  Role of ultrasound in evaluating female infertility
  384. Evaluating the cervix
  385. Evaluating the uterus
  386. Evaluating the endometrium
  387. Evaluating the fallopian tubes
  388. Evaluating the ovaries
  389. Peritoneal factors
  390. Treatment options
  391. Complications associated with assisted reproductive technology
  392. References
  393. PART VIII. Obstetrics
  394. 47.  Role of sonography in obstetrics
  395. Indications for obstetric sonography
  396. Types of obstetric sonography examinations
  397. Patient history
  398. The safety of ultrasound
  399. The safety of doppler for the obstetric patient
  400. Guidelines for first-trimester and standard second- and third-trimester obstetric sonography examinations
  401. Diagnostic and screening aspects of obstetric sonography examinations
  402. Bibliography
  403. 48.  Clinical ethics for obstetric sonography
  404. Morality and ethics defined
  405. History of medical ethics
  406. Principles of medical ethics
  407. Confidentiality of findings
  408. Acknowledgments
  409. Bibliography
  410. 49.  The normal first trimester
  411. Overview of the first trimester
  412. Maternal serum analysis in early pregnancy
  413. Sonographic technique and evaluation of the first trimester
  414. Determination of gestational age
  415. First-trimester anatomy visualization
  416. First-trimester risk assessment
  417. Multiple gestations
  418. Bibliography
  419. References
  420. 50.  First-trimester complications
  421. New criteria for viability and nonviability
  422. First-trimester bleeding and sonographic appearances
  423. Abnormal or absent cardiac activity
  424. Embryonic development of yolk sac and amnion
  425. Ectopic pregnancy
  426. Diagnosis of embryonic abnormalities in the first trimester
  427. First-trimester pelvic masses
  428. References
  429. 51.  Sonography of the second and third trimesters
  430. A suggested protocol
  431. Equipment and practices
  432. Initial steps and examination overview
  433. Fetal anatomy of the second and third trimesters
  434. Extrafetal obstetric evaluation
  435. Genetic sonogram
  436. Acknowledgment
  437. Bibliography
  438. 52.  Obstetric measurements and gestational age
  439. Gestational age assessment: First trimester
  440. Gestational age assessment: Second and third trimesters
  441. References
  442. 53.  Fetal growth assessment by sonography
  443. Intrauterine growth restriction
  444. Diagnostic criteria
  445. Tests of fetal well-being
  446. Macrosomia
  447. References
  448. 54.  Sonography and high-risk pregnancy
  449. Screening tests
  450. Maternal factors in high-risk pregnancy
  451. Maternal diseases of pregnancy
  452. Ultrasound in labor and delivery
  453. Fetal factors in high-risk pregnancy
  454. Multiple gestation pregnancy
  455. Acknowledgments
  456. References
  457. 55.  Prenatal diagnosis of congenital anomalies
  458. Chromosomal disorders
  459. Genetic testing
  460. Maternal serum markers
  461. First-trimester screening
  462. Medical genetics
  463. Chromosomal abnormalities
  464. References
  465. 56.  Placenta
  466. Embryogenesis
  467. The amniotic sac and amniotic fluid
  468. The umbilical cord
  469. Sonographic evaluation of the normal placenta
  470. Doppler evaluation of the placenta
  471. Evaluation of the placenta after delivery
  472. Abnormalities of the placenta
  473. Placental abruption
  474. Placental tumors
  475. Bibliography
  476. 57.  Umbilical cord
  477. Development and anatomy of the umbilical cord
  478. Abnormal umbilical cord dimensions
  479. Umbilical cord masses
  480. Umbilical cord knots
  481. Umbilical cord insertion abnormalities
  482. Vasa previa and prolapse of the cord
  483. Single umbilical artery
  484. Varix of the umbilical vein
  485. Persistent intrahepatic right portal vein
  486. Bibliography
  487. References
  488. 58.  Amniotic fluid and fetal membranes
  489. Amniotic fluid
  490. Fetal membranes
  491. Hydrops
  492. Acknowledgment
  493. Bibliography
  494. 59.  Fetal face and neck
  495. Embryology of the fetal face and neck
  496. Sonographic evaluation of the fetal face
  497. Abnormalities of the face and neck
  498. Bibliography
  499. References
  500. 60.  Fetal neural axis
  501. Embryology
  502. Anencephaly
  503. Acrania
  504. Cephalocele
  505. Spina bifida
  506. Dandy-walker malformation
  507. Holoprosencephaly
  508. Agenesis of the corpus callosum
  509. Aqueductal stenosis
  510. Vein of galen aneurysm
  511. Choroid plexus cysts
  512. Porencephalic cysts
  513. Schizencephaly
  514. Hydranencephaly
  515. Ventriculomegaly (hydrocephalus)
  516. Microcephaly
  517. References
  518. 61.  Fetal thorax
  519. Embryology of the thoracic cavity
  520. Normal sonographic characteristics
  521. Abnormalities of the thoracic cavity
  522. Bibliography
  523. References
  524. 62.  Fetal anterior abdominal wall
  525. Embryology of the abdominal wall
  526. Sonographic evaluation of the fetal abdominal wall
  527. Abnormalities of the anterior abdominal wall
  528. Bibliography
  529. 63.  Fetal abdomen
  530. Embryology of the digestive system
  531. Sonographic evaluation of the abdominal cavity
  532. Abnormalities of the hepatobiliary system
  533. Abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract
  534. Miscellaneous cystic masses of the abdomen
  535. Bibliography
  536. 64.  Fetal urogenital system
  537. Embryology and development of the urogenital system
  538. Sonographic evaluation of the urogenital system
  539. Sonographic findings suggesting abnormalities of the urogenital system
  540. Abnormalities of the urinary tract
  541. Congenital malformations of the kidneys
  542. Renal cystic disease
  543. Obstructive urinary tract abnormalities
  544. Other urinary anomalies
  545. Congenital malformations of the genital system
  546. Other pelvic masses
  547. Acknowledgment
  548. Bibliography
  549. 65.  Fetal skeleton
  550. Embryology of the fetal skeleton
  551. Abnormalities of the skeleton
  552. Other limb abnormalities
  553. References
  554. Glossary for volume 2
  555. Illustration credits
  556. Index

 

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