1. About this Book
2. Cover Page
3. Halftitle Page
4. LaunchPad
5. Title Page
6. Copyright Page
7. About the Author
8. Brief Contents
9. Contents
10. Preface
11. Part I The Beginnings
12. Chapter 1 The Science of Development
13. Understanding How and Why
14. The Scientific Method
15. The Nature–Nurture Controversy
16. Childhood and Adulthood
17. Development Is Multidirectional
18. Development Is Multicontextual
19. Development Is Multicultural
20. Development Is Multidisciplinary
21. Development Is Plastic
22. Using the Scientific Method
23. Observation
24. The Experiment
25. The Survey
26. Meta-Analysis
27. Studying Development over the Life Span
28. Cautions and Challenges from Science
29. Correlation and Causation
30. Quantity and Quality
31. Ethics
32. End of Chapter
33. Summary
34. Key Terms
35. Applications
36. Especially For Answers
37. Observation Quiz Answers
38. Chapter 2 Theories
39. What Theories Do
40. Theory and Practice
41. Facts and Possibilities
42. Grand Theories
43. Psychoanalytic Theory: Freud and Erikson
44. Behaviorism: Conditioning and Learning
45. Cognitive Theory: Piaget and Information Processing
46. Newer Theories
47. Sociocultural Theory: Vygotsky and Beyond
48. Evolutionary Theory
49. What Theories Contribute
50. End of Chapter
51. Summary
52. Key Terms
53. Applications
54. Especially For Answers
55. Observation Quiz Answers
56. Chapter 3 The New Genetics
57. The Genetic Code
58. 46 to 21,000 to 3 Billion
59. Same and Different
60. Matching Genes and Chromosomes
61. Sex Chromosomes
62. New Cells, New People
63. Cells and Identity
64. Twins and More
65. From Genotype to Phenotype
66. Many Factors
67. Gene–Gene Interactions
68. Nature and Nurture
69. Alcohol Use Disorder
70. Nearsightedness
71. Schizophrenia
72. Practical Applications
73. Chromosomal and Genetic Problems
74. Not Exactly 46
75. Gene Disorders
76. Genetic Counseling and Testing
77. End of Chapter
78. Summary
79. Key Terms
80. Applications
81. Especially For Answers
82. Observation Quiz Answers
83. Chapter 4 Prenatal Development and Birth
84. Prenatal Development
85. Germinal: The First 14 Days
86. Embryo: From the Third Week Through the Eighth Week
87. Fetus: From the Ninth Week Until Birth
88. Birth
89. Variations in How and Where
90. The Newborn’s First Minutes
91. Medical Assistance at Birth
92. Problems and Solutions
93. Risk Analysis
94. Harmful Substances
95. Prenatal Diagnosis
96. Safe During Pregnancy?
97. Low Birthweight: Causes and Consequences
98. The New Family
99. The Newborn
100. New Mothers
101. New Fathers
102. Family Bonding
103. End of Chapter
104. Summary
105. Key Terms
106. Applications
107. Especially For Answers
108. Observation Quiz Answers
109. Part II The First Two Years
110. Chapter 5 The First Two Years: Biosocial Development
111. Body Changes
112. Body Size
113. Sleep
114. Brain Development
115. Harming the Infant Body and Brain
116. Perceiving and Moving
117. The Senses
118. Motor Skills
119. Cultural Variations
120. Surviving in Good Health
121. Better Days Ahead
122. Immunization
123. Nutrition
124. End of Chapter
125. Summary
126. Key Terms
127. Applications
128. Especially For Answers
129. Observation Quiz Answers
130. Chapter 6 The First Two Years: Cognitive Development
131. The Eager Mind
132. Listening to Learn
133. Looking to Learn
134. Core Knowledge
135. Theories of the Infant Mind
136. Infant Memory
137. Piaget’s Sensorimotor Intelligence
138. Stages One and Two: Primary Circular Reactions
139. Stages Three and Four: Secondary Circular Reactions
140. Stages Five and Six: Tertiary Circular Reactions
141. Language: What Develops in the First Two Years?
142. The Universal Sequence
143. Theories of Language Learning
144. End of Chapter
145. Summary
146. Key Terms
147. Applications
148. Especially For Answers
149. Observation Quiz Answers
150. Chapter 7 The First Two Years: Psychosocial Development
151. Emotional Development
152. Early Emotions
153. Toddlers’ Emotions
154. Temperament and Personality
155. The Biology of Temperament
156. Dimensions of Temperament
157. Brain Variations
158. The Development of Social Bonds
159. Synchrony
160. Attachment
161. Social Referencing
162. Fathers as Social Partners
163. Theories of Infant Psychosocial Development
164. Psychoanalytic Theory
165. Behaviorism
166. Cognitive Theory
167. Evolutionary Theory
168. Who Should Care for Babies?
169. In the United States
170. Other Nations
171. Fathers, Grandmothers, and Sisters
172. Conclusions from the Science
173. End of Chapter
174. Summary
175. Key Terms
176. Applications
177. Especially For Answers
178. Observation Quiz Answers
179. Part III Early Childhood
180. Chapter 8 Early Childhood: Biosocial Development
181. Body Changes
182. Growth Patterns
183. Nutrition
184. Brain Growth
185. Myelination
186. Maturation of the Prefrontal Cortex
187. Inhibition and Flexibility
188. Advancing Motor Skills
189. Harm to Children
190. Avoidable Injury
191. Prevention
192. Child Maltreatment
193. Preventing Harm
194. End of Chapter
195. Summary
196. Key Terms
197. Applications
198. Especially For Answers
199. Observation Quiz Answers
200. Chapter 9 Early Childhood: Cognitive Development
201. Thinking During Early Childhood
202. Executive Function
203. Piaget: Preoperational Thought
204. Vygotsky: Social Learning
205. Children’s Theories
206. Language Learning
207. The Time for Language Learning
208. The Vocabulary Explosion
209. Acquiring Grammar
210. Learning Two Languages
211. Early-Childhood Schooling
212. Homes and Schools
213. Child-Centered Programs
214. Teacher-Directed Programs
215. Intervention Programs
216. Long-Term Gains from Intensive Programs
217. End of Chapter
218. Summary
219. Key Terms
220. Applications
221. Especially For Answers
222. Observation Quiz Answers
223. Chapter 10 Early Childhood: Psychosocial Development
224. Emotional Development
225. Emotional Regulation
226. Initiative Versus Guilt
227. Motivation
228. Play
229. The Historical Context
230. Social Play
231. Challenges for Caregivers
232. Styles of Caregiving
233. Discipline
234. Becoming Boys and Girls
235. What Is Best?
236. Teaching Right and Wrong
237. End of Chapter
238. Summary
239. Key Terms
240. Applications
241. Especially For Answers
242. Observation Quiz Answer
243. Part IV Middle Childhood
244. Chapter 11 Middle Childhood: Biosocial Development
245. A Healthy Time
246. Statistics on Health
247. Health Habits
248. Physical Activity
249. Motor Skills and School
250. Health Problems in Middle Childhood
251. Brain Development
252. Brains and Motion
253. Measuring the Mind
254. Children with Special Brains and Bodies
255. Many Causes, Many Symptoms
256. Specific Learning Disorders
257. Special Education
258. End of Chapter
259. Summary
260. Key Terms
261. Applications
262. Especially For Answers
263. Observation Quiz Answers
264. Chapter 12 Middle Childhood: Cognitive Development
265. Thinking
266. Piaget on Middle Childhood
267. Vygotsky and Culture
268. Information Processing
269. Language
270. Vocabulary
271. Speaking Two Languages
272. Poverty and Language
273. Teaching and Learning
274. The Curriculum
275. International Testing
276. Schooling in the United States
277. End of Chapter
278. Summary
279. Key Terms
280. Applications
281. Especially For Answers
282. Observation Quiz Answer
283. Chapter 13 Middle Childhood: Psychosocial Development
284. The Nature of the Child
285. Industry and Inferiority
286. Parental Reactions
287. Self-Concept
288. Resilience and Stress
289. Families During Middle Childhood
290. Shared and Nonshared Environments
291. Function and Structure
292. Various Family Structures
293. Connecting Family Structure and Function
294. Family Trouble
295. The Peer Group
296. The Culture of Children
297. Friendships
298. Popular and Unpopular Children
299. Bullying
300. Children’s Morality
301. End of Chapter
302. Summary
303. Key Terms
304. Applications
305. Especially For Answers
306. Observation Quiz Answers
307. Part V Adolescence
308. Chapter 14 Adolescence: Biosocial Development
309. Puberty Begins
310. Sequence
311. Unseen Beginnings
312. Brain Growth
313. When Will Puberty Begin?
314. Too Early, Too Late
315. Growth and Nutrition
316. Growing Bigger and Stronger
317. Diet Deficiencies
318. Eating Disorders
319. Sexual Maturation
320. Sexual Characteristics
321. Sexual Activity
322. Sexual Problems in Adolescence
323. End of Chapter
324. Summary
325. Key Terms
326. Applications
327. Especially For Answers
328. Observation Quiz Answers
329. Chapter 15 Adolescence: Cognitive Development
330. Logic and Self
331. Egocentrism
332. Formal Operational Thought
333. Two Modes of Thinking
334. Dual Processing
335. Intuitive and Analytic Processing
336. Secondary Education
337. Definitions and Facts
338. Middle School
339. High School
340. End of Chapter
341. Summary
342. Key Terms
343. Applications
344. Especially For Answers
345. Observation Quiz Answers
346. Chapter 16 Adolescence: Psychosocial Development
347. Identity
348. Not Yet Achieved
349. Arenas of Identity Formation
350. Vocational Identity
351. Close Relationships
352. Family
353. Peer Power
354. Learning About Sex
355. Technology and Human Relationships
356. Sadness and Anger
357. Depression
358. Delinquency and Defiance
359. Drug Use and Abuse
360. Age Trends
361. Harm from Drugs
362. Preventing Drug Abuse: What Works?
363. End of Chapter
364. Summary
365. Key Terms
366. Applications
367. Especially For Answers
368. Observation Quiz Answers
369. Epilogue: Emerging Adulthood
370. Biological Universals
371. Health Habits
372. Sex and Pregnancy
373. Risks and Benefits
374. Cognitive Development
375. Postformal Thought
376. College and Cognition
377. Psychosocial Development
378. Personality in Emerging Adulthood
379. Intimacy Versus Isolation
380. Concluding Hopes
381. End of Chapter
382. Summary
383. Key Terms
384. Applications
385. Especially For Answers
386. Observation Quiz Answers
387. Appendix More About Research Methods
388. Make It Personal
389. Read the Research
390. Professional Journals and Books
391. The Internet
392. Additional Terms and Concepts
393. Who Participates?
394. Research Design
395. Reporting Results
396. Glossary
397. References
398. Name Index
399. Subject Index
400. Back Cover

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